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2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Interphase and Compatibilization by Addition of a Compatibilizer

Author : Abdellah Ajji

Published in: Polymer Blends Handbook

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

Polymer blends are mixtures of at least two macromolecular species, polymers and/or copolymers. For practical reasons, the name blend is given to a system only when the minor component content exceeds 2 wt%. Depending on the sign of the free energy of mixing, blends are either miscible or immiscible. In a general sense, the polymer/polymer miscibility does not exist – it is always limited to a “miscibility window,” a range of independent variables, such as composition, molecular weight, temperature, pressure, etc. More than 1,600 of these “miscibility windows” have been identified for two-, three-, or four-component blends. The immiscibility dominates the field (Utracki 1989). For more details on the thermodynamics of mixing and phase diagrams, the reader is referred to Chap. 2, “Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends” in this volume. This chapter is an updated version of the 1998 version and addresses the aspects related to the interphase in immiscible polymer blends and their compatibilization by the addition of a compatibilizer. In the first part, theoretical aspects treating on the prediction of the distribution profiles, interface thickness, and interfacial tension are presented for immiscible homopolymer blends, copolymers, copolymer/homopolymer blends, and finally copolymer-added homopolymer blends. The second part deals with experimental aspects such as measurement techniques and comparisons of experimentally measured results with theory for the interfacial tension and thickness for the systems mentioned above. Finally, some information on patented polymer blends is presented in table form. The first two parts are updated at their end with related information from recent literature.

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previous chapter Crystallization, Micro- and Nano-structure, and Melting Behavior of Polymer Blends

next chapter Reactive Compatibilization

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ABS

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

APS

Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

CPE

Chlorinated polyethylene

CTBN

Butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer with α, ω − carboxyl groups

CTBR

Butadiene oligomer with α, ω − carboxyl groups

DMF

Dimethylformamide

DSC

Differential scanning calorimetry

EGMA

Ethylene-graft-maleic anhydride

EPDM

Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer

EPR

Ethylene-propylene rubber

EVOH, EVAl

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer

FRES

Forward recoil spectroscopy

HIPS

High-impact polystyrene

LLDPE

Linear low-density polyethylene

Maleic anhydride

Polyamide

PAr

Polyarylate

Polybutadiene

PBMA

Polybutyl methacrylate

PBT

Polybutylene terephthalate

Polycarbonate

PCL

Poly(ε-caprolactone)

Polyethylene

PEI

Polyether imide

PES

Polyether sulfone

PEST

Polyester

PET

Polyethylene terephthalate

PETG

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol

PHB

Polyhydrogenated butadiene

Phenoxy

Polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol-A

PMMA

Polymethylmethacrylate

Polyolefin

POM

Polyoxymethylene

Polypropylene

PPE

Polyphenylene ether

Polystyrene

PSF

Polysulfone

PVAc

Polyvinyl acetate

PVAl

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVC

Polyvinyl chloride

PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride

PVP

Polyvinyl pyridine

SAN

Styrene-acrylonitrile

SANS

Small-angle neutron scattering

SAXS

Small-angle X-ray scattering

Styrene-butadiene copolymer

SBS

Styrene-butadiene-styrene three-block copolymer

SEBS

Styrene-ethylene/buthylene-styrene three-block copolymer

SEM

Scanning electron microscopy

Styrene-isoprene copolymer

SIS

Styrene-isoprene-styrene three-block copolymer

SMA

Styrene-maleic anhydride

SMMA

Styrene-methyl methacrylate block copolymer

TEM

Transmission electron microscopy

THF

Tetrahydrofuran

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Title: Interphase and Compatibilization by Addition of a Compatibilizer
Author: Abdellah Ajji
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Book: Polymer Blends Handbook
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6063-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-6064-6

Copyright Year: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6064-6_6

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