In this paper, an all optical 4–2 encoder based on triangular lattice Photonic Crystal structure is proposed. The proposed structure consists of three micro-cavity resonators placed next to each other, resonates at the operating wavelength of 1550 …

With the increasing bandwidth requirements in smart cities, high-capacity optical networks featuring ultrahigh bandwidths have become a necessity. The currently existing static and dynamic optical networks cannot efficiently optimize network …

The Elastic Optical Network (EON) has brought several studies to improve optical spectrum efficiency. In the EONs, the bandwidth is divided into frequency slot units (FSUs). When a connection is requested for a service type, the network management …

Nowadays, space-division-multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) have become a promising technology for the next generation of backbone networks. Routing, spectrum and core assignment (RSCA) problem is one of the key issues in SDM-EONs.

In principle, BB84 protocol supports secure quantum communication by assuming transmitter and receiver devices to be ideal. However, practically it is very challenging to build an ideal single photon source and detector. These imperfections in …