1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Conventional spatial modulation scheme
Message bits
b
1
b
2
b
3
| Active antennas | Transmitted symbol
c
|
---|---|---|
000 | 1 | − 1 |
010 | 2 | − 1 |
100 | 3 | − 1 |
110 | 4 | − 1 |
001 | 1 | 1 |
011 | 2 | 1 |
101 | 3 | 1 |
111 | 4 | 1 |
4 Proposed L-SM scheme
4.1 Proposed multi-layered coding scheme without spatial modulation
4.2 Proposed L-SM scheme
The first codeword period | The second codeword period | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ant.1 | Ant.2 | Ant.3 | Ant.4 | Ant.1 | Ant.2 | Ant.3 | Ant.4 |
C(1,1) | C(2,1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E(1,1) | E(2,1) |
C(1,2) | C(2,2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E(1,2) | E(2,2) |
0 | 0 | C(1,1) | C(2,1) | E(1,1) | E(2,1) | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | C(1,2) | C(2,2) | E(1,2) | E(2,2) | 0 | 0 |
C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | 0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) |
C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | 0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) |
0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 |
0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 |
C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 |
C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 |
0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) |
0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) |
C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) |
C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) |
0 | 0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | E(1,1) | E(2,1) | C(1,1) | C(2,1) | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | E(1,2) | E(2,2) | C(1,2) | C(2,2) | 0 | 0 |
E(1,1) | E(2,1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | C(1,1) | C(2,1) |
E(1,2) | E(2,2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | C(1,2) | C(2,2) |
0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 |
0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 |
E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | 0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) |
E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_1} \) | 0 | 0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) | 0 | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_2} \) |
0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) |
0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) |
E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 |
E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | 0 | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_3} \) | 0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_4} \) | 0 |
0 | 0 | E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 |
E(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | C(1,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,1)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) |
E(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | E(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | C(1,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) | C(2,2)\( {e}^{j{\theta}_5} \) |