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2023 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Low-Dimensional Chalcohalide Nanomaterials

Energy Conversion and Sensor-Based Technologies

Author: Krystian Mistewicz

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Book Series : NanoScience and Technology

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book provides a deep insight into recent achievements in synthesis, investigation, and applications of the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials. The large number of interesting phenomena occur in these compounds, including ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrocaloric, Seebeck, photovoltaic, and ferroelectric-photovoltaic effects. Furthermore, the outstanding photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic, and piezocatalytic properties of the chalcohalide nanomaterials have been revealed. Since many chalcohalide semiconductors possess both photoactive and ferroelectric properties, they are recognized as photoferroelectrics.

It presents an overview of fabrication of chalcohalide nanomaterials using different methods: mechanical milling of bulk crystals, liquid-phase exfoliation, vapor phase growth, hydro/solvothermal methods, synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation, microwave synthesis, laser/heat-induced crystallization, electrospinning, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The strategies of the chalcohalide nanomaterials processing for construction of functional devices are presented.

The book describes solution processing for thin films preparation, spin-coating deposition of polymer composites, solution casting, films deposition via drop-casting, high pressure compression of nanowires into the bulk samples, pressure assisted sintering, and electric field assisted alignment of nanowires. The applications of the chalcohalide nanomaterials for mechanical/thermal energy harvesting and energy storage are presented. Major challenges and emerging trends in fabrication, characterization, and future applications of low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials are discussed.

A wealth of information for scholars, graduate students, and engineers involved in research of nanomaterials.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The basic structural, electrical, and optical properties of chalcohalide bulk crystals as well as low-dimensional nanostructures are reviewed in this chapter. A plenty of different chalcohalide compounds are characterized in relation to their possible applications. The ternary pnictogen chalcohalides are analyzed particularly. A special attention is also paid to the ferroelectricity which occurs in these materials. In order to better understanding this unique phenomenon, a general introduction to the ferroelectric materials and their inherent properties are presented. The effect of reduction of particle size on the phase transition temperature is discussed. Finally, chemical composition modification and strain engineering are elaborated as two main approaches that are used to tune the Curie temperature of the chalcohalide ferroelectrics.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 2. The Methods of Fabrication of the Chalcohalide Nanostructures
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive review on various fabrication methods of the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanostructures, such as mechanical milling of bulk crystals, liquid-phase exfoliation, vapor phase growth, hydro/solvothermal methods, synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation, microwave synthesis, laser/heat-induced crystallization, electrospinning, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). A particular attention is paid to the hydrothermal, solvothermal, and sonochemical methods which are the most commonly used to synthesize the chalcohalide compounds. The chapter presents the preparation of pristine nanostructured chalcohalides as well as their composites and heterostructured materials. The parameters of the aforementioned techniques and their influence on the basic properties of the obtained products are discussed. The main advantages and limitations of the methods of chalcohalide nanomaterials preparation are also elaborated.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 3. Strategies for Incorporation of Chalcohalide Nanomaterials into the Functional Devices
Abstract
In the last decade, the outstanding optical, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic properties of the chalcohalide nanomaterials have been demonstrated. The unique features of the one-dimensional antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI), antimony selenoiodide (SbSeI) and bismuth sulfoiodide (BiSI) make these nanomaterials attractive for application in different devices, such as photodetectors, solar cells, piezoelectric energy harvesters, pyroelectric nanogenerators, radiation detectors, and gas nanosensors. The chalcohalide nanomaterials can be incorporated into the functional devices using solution processing of the thin films, spin-coating deposition, films drop-casting, the compression of the nanowires under high pressure, hot pressing, and the alignment of the nanowires in the electric field. The main advantages and major limitations of the aforementioned processing methods are discussed in this chapter.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 4. Devices for Energy Harvesting and Storage
Abstract
The energy harvesting and storage seem to be the most important energy-related technologies in the XXI century. The increasing global energy consumption resulted in gained attention to development of renewable, sustainable, and green power sources which will be competitive to the traditional fossil fuels. The charge storage devices play a key role in driving the electronic devices. Since chalcohalide materials exhibit outstanding piezoelectric and electromechanical properties, they can be used in nanogenerators for mechanical energy harvesting as well as sensors for detection of low frequency vibrations and ultrasonic waves. In addition, the chalcohalides in the form of nanowires are expected to be more flexible and accommodate higher deformation in comparison to their two- or three-dimensional counterparts. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the conversion of mechanical energy into the electric energy using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators based on the chalcohalide nanomaterials. Recent achievements in development of the pyroelectric nanogenerators for a waste heat recovery are also described. The applications of bismuth and antimony chalcohalides as electrode materials in the supercapacitors are summarized. The properties of low-dimensional chalcohalides are analyzed in respect to their further applications in hybrid devices for the multisource energy harvesting, charge storage and self-powered sensing of various stimuli, including a strain, stress, mechanical vibrations or thermal signals.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 5. Photovoltaic Devices and Photodetectors
Abstract
Photonic devices play the significant roles in different modern technologies, such as electrical power generation from solar radiation, signal processing, data transmission, biomedical imaging, and environmental sensing. In this chapter, the photovoltaic and photodetection properties of low-dimensional chalcohalide materials are reviewed. Recently, these compounds have been studied as the promising light or radiation absorbers due to their tunable bandgap energies, low effective masses of the charge carriers, high charge carrier mobilities, negligible toxicity, and a high level of defect tolerance. The first section of this chapter describes a ferroelectric-photovoltaic effect and its existence in antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI), one of the most investigated chalcohalide compound. Fabrication methods and photovoltaic performance of the solar cells based on antimony and bismuth chalcohalides are further presented in detail. In the next section, chalcohalide photodetectors and their figures of merit are discussed. At the end of the chapter, the applications of the chalcohalide compounds in detection of ionizing radiation are elaborated.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 6. Gas Nanosensors
Abstract
The gas sensors are devices that allow to detect an analyte in the ambient atmosphere and determine its concentration from the sensor response. The gas sensors are widely utilized in environmental protection, healthcare, indoor air quality control, home safety monitoring, and food industry. The low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials are attractive for use in gas sensors due to their large surface to volume ratio. The recent achievements in application of chalcohalide nanomaterials in gas sensors are reviewed in this chapter. Four main types of the gas detectors are presented: conductometric, photoconductive, impedance, and quartz crystal microbalance sensors. The working principles and the fundamental features of the aforementioned types of gas sensors are discussed. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the chalcohalide sensors design and their sensing performance, such as sensitivity, detection limits, selectivity against the interfering gases, response kinetics, its hysteresis, stability, repeatability, and reversibility. An influence of the operating temperature and ferroelectric properties on the sensors responses is demonstrated. The mechanisms of the various gases detection are also explained.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 7. The Catalysts for an Environmental Remediation
Abstract
The environmental pollution is a serious global challenge. It has a harmful impact on living organisms including humans. A water contamination is still increasing due to intense rise of the urbanization and industrial activity. Thus, there is a strong need of development of the efficient techniques for the removal of the toxic organic compounds from aqueous solutions. This aim can be achieved by using the advanced oxidation processes which involve a generation of highly reactive radical species able to degrade the pollutants in wastewater. The photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a facile, efficient, and low-cost method among different advanced oxidation processes. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the antimony and bismuth chalcohalides used for photocatalytic degradation of dyes or hazardous organic compounds. Moreover, the heterostructured and composite photocatalysts are presented as promising materials that allow to overcome the disadvantages of a single-phase photocatalysis. The photocatalytic performances of the chalcohalide materials are reviewed along with their mechanisms of the dye photodegradation. Finally, the recent progress in application of the low-dimensional chalcohalide compounds in piezocatalysis is discussed.
Krystian Mistewicz
Chapter 8. Conclusions and Future Prospects
Abstract
A number of papers on the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials has been increased significantly in recent years due to a lot of unique properties of these compounds. The most important characteristics of the chalcohalides refer to ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrocaloric, thermoelectric, photovoltaic, ferroelectric-photovoltaic, photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic, and piezocatalytic properties. The current achievements in research of low-dimensional chalcohalides are summarized in this chapter. The methods of chalcohalide nanomaterials fabrication and their incorporation into functional devices are briefly presented. The applications of the antimony and bismuth chalcohalides are categorized into four main areas: mechanical/thermal energy harvesting along with its storage, photovoltaic devices as well as photodetectos, gas nanosensors, and catalysis for an environmental remediation. The major challenges in fabrication, characterization, and applications of low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the trends in future investigation of antimony and bismuth chalcohalides are predicted.
Krystian Mistewicz
Metadata
Title
Low-Dimensional Chalcohalide Nanomaterials
Author
Krystian Mistewicz
Copyright Year
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-25136-8
Print ISBN
978-3-031-25135-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25136-8

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