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Published in: AI & SOCIETY 2/2019

21-04-2018 | Original Article

Machine intelligence: a chimera

Author: Mihai Nadin

Published in: AI & SOCIETY | Issue 2/2019

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Abstract

The notion of computation has changed the world more than any previous expressions of knowledge. However, as know-how in its particular algorithmic embodiment, computation is closed to meaning. Therefore, computer-based data processing can only mimic life’s creative aspects, without being creative itself. AI’s current record of accomplishments shows that it automates tasks associated with intelligence, without being intelligent itself. Mistaking the abstract (computation) for the concrete (computer) has led to the religion of “everything is an output of computation”—even the humankind that conceived the computer. The hypostatized role of computers explains the increased dependence on them. The convergence machine called deep learning is only the most recent form through which the deterministic theology of the machine claims more than what it actually is: extremely effective data processing. A proper understanding of complexity, as well as the need to distinguish between the reactive nature of the artificial and the anticipatory nature of the living are suggested as practical responses to the challenges posed by machine theology.

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Footnotes
1
From the Book of Isaiah, the Prophet, Chap. 44:19–20 (abridged).
 
2
Inspired by this notion, Tod Machover, of the MIT Media Lab, wrote and composed the opera Death and the Powers in 2011.
 
3
Das Entscheidungsproblem is gelöst, wenn man ein Verfahren kennt, das bei einem vorgelegten logischen Ausdruck durch endlich viele Operationen die Entscheidung über die Allgemeingultigkeit Erfüllbarkeit erlaubt (Hilbert and Ackermann 1928).
 
4
United Artists’ 1960. The title comes from Proverbs 11:9.
 
5
International Conference, Anticipation – Learning from the past. Early Soviet/Russian contributions to a science of anticipation. Hanse Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany, September 1–3, 2014.
 
6
Nobel Prize for decoding brain’s sense of place. Discoverers of brain’s navigation system get physiology Nobel. See: http://​www.​nature.​com/​news/​nobel-prize-for-decoding-brain-s-sense-of-place-1.​16093.
 
7
Н.А. Бернштейн. Физиология движений и активность, 1990.
 
9
The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves.
 
10
Reproduced on Edge.org a report from the Süddeutsche Zeitung, Oct. 13, 2017. https://​www.​edge.​org/​conversation/​andrian_​kreye-we-are-in-the-presence-of-a-formidable-creature.
 
11
Kyle McDonald gives many examples. See http://​www.​kylemcdonald.​net/​.
 
12
Friedrich Nietsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891.
 
13
For the record: the no-data starting point has been attempted before. Indeed, the “self-learning evolutionary chess program” (Fogel 2004) and the subsequent steps (2005, 2006) in the direction of a “New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence” (Fogel 1995, 2006) deserve at least some reference. The evaluation function is at the core of evolutionary computation.
 
15
Hacker News: Google supercharges machine learning tasks with TPU custom chip (googleblg.com), https://​news.​ycombinator.​com/​item?​id=​11724763. See also: The relationship between clockspeed and power consumption is nonlinear, https://​electronics.​stackexchange.​com/​questions/​122050/​what-limits-cpu-speed.
 
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Metadata
Title
Machine intelligence: a chimera
Author
Mihai Nadin
Publication date
21-04-2018
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
AI & SOCIETY / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0951-5666
Electronic ISSN: 1435-5655
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-018-0842-8

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