Top

Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis

Published in:

10-03-2020 | Technical Article

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metallography, Microstructure, and Wear Analysis of AA 6063/TiC Composites for Augmented Dry Sliding Property at Room Temperature

Authors: Chellapilla V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy, G. Naveen Kumar, V. Srinivas, M. Ashok Kumar, K. Raghu Ram Mohan Reddy, D. N. Vasundhara, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Suhana Mohd Said

Published in: Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis | Issue 2/2020

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This paper summarizes the experimental investigations for augmented dry sliding property of AA 6063/TiC composite. An in situ metal matrix composite has been prepared with AA 6063 alloy for the matrix and TiC for reinforcement particulates. The fabrication of the composites is done by using potassium titanium fluoride (K₂TiF₆) and powder of graphite as a mixture for reaction along with molten aluminum alloy at 950 °C. The weight fraction of TiC particulates has been varied in the composites C₀, C₁, C₂, and C₃ as 0, 3, 6, and 9%, respectively. Various characterization techniques and tests were conducted to observe the morphological properties of the composites. The composites were categorized into three sets. The first set of the composites is as-cast condition. The composites were heat-treated to form two more sets, namely solutionized and solutionized-aged condition sets. The “pin-on-disk” apparatus is used for conducting the tests, wear analysis, and comparative analysis of the wear for the dry sliding condition. The study indicated a significant enhancement of the resistance to wear by composites with the higher fractions of titanium carbide (TiC) particulates and further enhancement with the heat treatment.

previous article Effect of Niobium Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe–7Al–0.35C Low-Density Steel

next article Automatic Measurement of Pearlite Spacing by Spectral Analysis

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

S.L. Donaldson, D.B. Miracle, A.S.M. Handbook, Composites, vol. 21 (ASM International, Metals Park, 2001)

D. Jianxin, S. Junlong, Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed B₄C/TiC/Mo ceramic composites. Ceram. Int. 39, 771–778 (2009)CrossRef

S. Natarajan, R. Narayanasamy, S.P. Kumaresh Babu, G. Dinesh, B. Anil Kumar, K. Sivaprasad, Sliding wear behavior of Al 6063/TiB₂ in situ composites at elevated temperatures. Mater. Des. 30, 2521–2531 (2008)CrossRef

K.L. Tee, L. Lu, M.O. Lai, Wear performance of in situ Al–TiB₂ composite. Wear 240, 59–64 (2000)CrossRef

P.C. Maity, P.N. Chakraborty, S.C. Panigrahi, Processing and properties of Al–Al₂0₃ (TiO₂) in situ particle composite. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 68, 132–155 (1997)

L.M. Peng, Z. Li, H. Li, J.H. Wang, M. Gong, Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of TiAl–Al₂Ti₄C₂–Al₂O₃–TiC in situ composites by hot-press-aided reaction synthesis. J. Alloys Compd. 414, 100–106 (2006)CrossRef

M. Muratoglu, M. Aksoy, The effects of temperature on wear behaviours of Al–Cu alloy and Al–Cu:SiC composite. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 282, 91–99 (2000)CrossRef

S. Basavarajappa, G. Chandramohan, R. Subramanian, A. Chandrasekar, Dry sliding wear behaviour of Al 2219/SiC metal matrix composites. Mater. Sci. Pol. 24, 357–366 (2006)

R. Tyagi, Synthesis and tribological characterization of in situ cast Al–TiC composites. Wear 259, 569–576 (2005)CrossRef

10.

A. Daoud, M.T. Abou-Elkhair, P. Rohatgi, Wear and friction behavior of near eutectic Al–Si + ZrO₂ or WC particle composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 64, 1029–1040 (2004)CrossRef

11.

W.H. Jiang, G.H. Song, X.L. Han, C.L. He, H.C. Ru, Synthesis of TiC/Al composites in liquid aluminium. Mater. Lett. 32, 63–65 (1997)CrossRef

12.

P. Li, E.G. Kandalova, V.I. Nikitin, In situ synthesis of Al–TiC in aluminium melt. Mater. Lett. 59, 2545–2548 (2005)CrossRef

13.

W. Jing, W. Yisan, In situ production of Fe–TiC composite. Mater. Lett. 61, 4393–4395 (2007)CrossRef

14.

K. Feng, Y. Yang, B. Shen, L. Guo, In situ synthesis of TiC/Fe composites by reaction casting. Mater. Des. 26, 37–40 (2005)CrossRef

15.

Y. Birol, In situ synthesis of Al–TiC_p composites by reacting K₂TiF₆ and particulate graphite in molten aluminium. J. Alloys Compd. 454, 110–117 (2008)CrossRef

16.

S. Sheibani, M.F. Najafbadi, In situ fabrication of Al–TiC metal matrix composites by reactive slag process. Mater. Des. 28, 2373–2378 (2007)CrossRef

17.

B. Ralph, H.C. Luen, W.B. Lee, The processing of metal matrix composites an overview. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 63, 339–353 (1997)CrossRef

18.

A. Mandal, M. Chakraborty, B.S. Murty, Effect of TiB₂ particles on sliding wear behaviour of Al–4Cu alloy. Wear 262, 160–166 (2007)CrossRef

19.

H. Arik, Y. Ozcatalbas, M. Turker, Dry sliding wear behavior of in situ Al–Al₄C₃ metal matrix composite produced by mechanical alloying technique. Mater. Des. 27, 799–804 (2006)CrossRef

20.

A. Mandal, M. Chakraborty, B.S. Murty, Aging behavior of A356 alloy reinforced with in situ formed TiB₂ particles. Mater. Sci. Eng. 489, 220–226 (2008)CrossRef

21.

M. Zhao, G. Wu, L. Jiang, Z. Dou, Friction and wear properties of TiB₂/Al composite. Compos. Part A 37, 1916–1921 (2006)CrossRef

22.

M. Roy, B. Venkataraman, V.V. Bhanuprasad, Y.R. Mahajan, G. Sundararajan, The effect of particulate reinforcement on the sliding wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites. Metall. Trans. A 23, 2833–2847 (1992)CrossRef

23.

A.P. Sannino, H.J. Rack, Dry sliding wear of discontinuously reinforced aluminum composites: review and discussion. Wear 189, 1–19 (1995)CrossRef

24.

V. Srinivas, C.H.V.K.N.S.N. Moorthy, V. Dedeepya, P.A. Thompson, Water based nanofluids for automotive applications. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. 29(8), 3417–3426 (2015)CrossRef

25.

C.V.K.N.S.N. Moorthy, V. Srinivas, Corrosion and heat transfer characteristics of water dispersed with carboxylate additives and multi-walled carbon nano tubes. J. Inst. Eng. Ser. C 97(4), 569–577 (2016)CrossRef

26.

V. Srinivas, C. Moorthy, V. Dedeepya, P.V. Manikanta, V. Satish, Nanofluids with CNTs for automotive applications. J. Heat Mass Transf. 52(4), 701–712 (2016)CrossRef

27.

C.H.V.K.N.S.N. Moorthy, V. Srinivas, Discretization analysis of a composite GFRP cylinder. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7(4), 277–279 (2018)CrossRef

28.

A.K. Kumar, V. Srinivas, C.V.K.N.S.N. Murthy, Modelling and performance analysis of aero piston engine. J. Adv. Res. Dyn. Control Syst. 10(7), 344–348 (2018)

29.

M. Ashok Kumar, K. Deepak, C.V.K.N.S.N. Moorthy, B. Subramanyam, Influence of fiber orientation on the properties of composites. Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. Res. Dev. 8(1), 487–494 (2018)

30.

C.H.V.K.N.S.N. Moorthy, V. Srinivas, Stress analysis of domestic composite LPG cylinder using classical lamination theory (CLT). Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7(4), 68–70 (2018)CrossRef

31.

H. Zhao, Q. Pan, Q. Qin, W. Yujiao, S. Xiangdong, Effect of the processing parameters of friction stir processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6063 aluminum alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 751(28), 70–79 (2019)CrossRef

32.

K. Vineeth Kumar, L. Jayahari, Study of mechanical properties and wear behaviour of aluminium 6063 matrix composites reinforced with steel machining chips. Mater. Today Proc. 5(9), 20285–22029 (2018)CrossRef

33.

P. Deepa, R. Padmalatha, Corrosion behaviour of 6063 aluminium alloy in acidic and in alkaline media. Arab. J. Chem. 10(Supplement 2), s2234–s2244 (2017)CrossRef

34.

H. Zhu, F. Qin, H. Chen, Effect of ultrasonic temperature and output power on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast 6063 aluminum alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 777(10), 1025–1029 (2019)CrossRef

35.

L.R. Zeng, Z.M. Song, X.M. Wu, C.H. Li, G.P. Zhang, Room temperature workability of 6063 alloy for fitting clamps of overhead conductor lines. Mater. Des. 65, 187–192 (2015)CrossRef

36.

C.L. Gan, K.H. Zheng, W.J. Qi, M.J. Wang, Constitutive equations for high temperature flow stress prediction of 6063 Al alloy considering compensation of strain. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24(11), 3486–3491 (2014)CrossRef

37.

Q. Qi, L. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Huang, Effect of TiC particles size on the oxidation resistance of TiC/hastelloy composites applied for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell interconnects. J. Alloys Compd. 778(25), 811–817 (2019)CrossRef

38.

X. He, R.G. Song, D.J. Kong, Effects of TiC on the microstructure and properties of TiC/TiAl composite coating prepared by laser cladding. Opt. Laser Technol. 112(15), 339–348 (2019)CrossRef

39.

Q. Hou, X. Ma, L. Rongcheng, W. Wang, Z. Huang, Microstructure and laser irradiation characteristics of TiC-free and TiC-doped tungsten-based coatings prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying. Surf. Coat. Technol. 358(25), 796–805 (2019)CrossRef

40.

F. Saba, S.A. Sajjadi, M. Haddad-Sabzevar, F. Zhang, TiC-modified carbon nanotubes, TiC nanotubes and TiC nanorods: synthesis and characterization. Ceram. Int. 44(7), 7949–7954 (2018)CrossRef

41.

S.K. Josyula, S.K.R. Narala, Study of TiC particle distribution in Al-MMCs using finite element modeling. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 141, 341–358 (2018)CrossRef

42.

S. Ajay Kumar, A. Prabhu Kumar, B. Balu Naik, B. Ravi, Production and investigation on mechanical properties of TiC reinforced Al7075 MMC. Mater. Today Proc. 5(9), 17924–17929 (2018)CrossRef

43.

E. Wang, T. Gao, J. Nie, X. Liu, Grain refinement limit and mechanical properties of 6063 alloy inoculated by Al–Ti–C (B) master alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 594(5), 7–11 (2014)

44.

G.S.P. Kumar, P.G. Koppad, R. Keshavamurthy, M. Alipour, Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of in situ fabricated AA6061–TiC metal matrix composites. Arch. Civil Mech. Eng. 17(3), 535–544 (2017)CrossRef

45.

S. Aribo, A. Fakorede, O. Ige, P. Olubambi, Erosion-corrosion behaviour of aluminum alloy 6063 hybrid composite. Wear 376–377, 608–614 (2017)CrossRef

46.

C.S. Ramesh, A. Ahamed, B.H. Channabasappa, R. Keshavamurth, Development of Al 6063–TiB2 in situ composites. Mater. Des. 31(4), 2230–2236 (2010)CrossRef

47.

M. Hadian, H. Shahrajabian, M. Rafiei, Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al/(TiC + TiB2) composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Ceram. Int. 45, 12088–12092 (2019)CrossRef

48.

K. Kasraee, M. Yousefpour, S.A. Tayebifard, Microstructure and mechanical properties of an ultrafine grained Ti5Si3–TiC composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Adv. Powder Technol. 30, 992–998 (2019)CrossRef

49.

E. Tejado, A. Martin, J.Y. Pastor, Effect of Ti and TiC alloyants on the mechanical properties of W-based armour materials. J. Nucl. Mater. 514, 238–246 (2019)CrossRef

50.

K. Ma, E.J. Lavernia, J.M. Schoenung, Particulate reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composites—a review on the effect of microconstituents. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci 48, 91–104 (2017)

51.

C. Saravanan, K. Subramanian, D.B. Sivakumar, M. Sathyanandhan, R. Sankara Narayanan, Fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composite—a review. JCHPS Spec. Issue 7, 82–87 (2015)

52.

R.N. Rai, S.C. Saha, G.L. Datt, M. Chakraborty, Studies on synthesis of in situ Al–TiC metal matrix composites. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 117, 012042 (2016)CrossRef

53.

P.S. Bains, S.S. Sidhu, H.S. Payal, Fabrication and machining of metal matrix composites: a review. Mater. Manuf. Process. 0, 1–21 (2015)

54.

Q. Zheng, R.G. Reddy, In-Situ Processing of Al Alloy Matrix Composites, Affordable Metal-Matrix Composites For High Performance Applications, ed by A.B. Pandey, K.L. Kendig, T.J. Watson, Session IV: Processing Of Metal Matrix Composites II, pp. 199–210

Title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metallography, Microstructure, and Wear Analysis of AA 6063/TiC Composites for Augmented Dry Sliding Property at Room Temperature
Authors: Chellapilla V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy
G. Naveen Kumar
V. Srinivas
M. Ashok Kumar
K. Raghu Ram Mohan Reddy
D. N. Vasundhara
Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri
Suhana Mohd Said
Publication date: 10-03-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 2192-9262
Electronic ISSN: 2192-9270
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-020-00625-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Flow Behavior and Microstructure of a Mo–V–Ti Micro-Alloyed High-Strength Steel

Optimizing the Process Parameters for TLP Bonding of AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Immersion Corrosion Performance of 0.35%C–10.5%Mn Steel Processed by Austenite Reverted Transformation (ART) Annealing Process

Effect of Pre-welding Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al–4 wt.%Cu Alloys

Effect of Process Parameters in Pinless Friction Stir Spot Welding of Al 5754-Al 6061 Alloys

2020 Henry Clifton Sorby Award

Premium Partners