Skip to main content
Top

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Migration to Europe: A Threat or an Opportunity?

Authors : Lara Sansus, David Ramiro Troitiño, Tanel Kerikmäe

Published in: The EU in the 21st Century

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The EU has been highly shaken by a deep political crisis revealed through the migration crisis. Indeed, this migration issue qualified as a “crisis” is the consequence of a continuous arrival of economic and political migrants coming from conflicting zones (Syria, Afghanistan) or from poor economic zones (sub-Saharan Africa, Horn of Africa). They are seeking asylum in Europe, perceived as a model in human protection. This wave of migration became widely intensified during the last decade with a peak in the year 2015, mainly coming from the blockage to solve the Syrian conflict. The opened political positions of some Member States, such as Germany at the time of the crisis, widely incited the migrants to join the old continent. It is an opportunity or a threat is still under debate. How the European Union should address such a vital issue for its own citizens and the organization? The majority of the European states and people require decisions, but the model now to be implemented will define Europe in the current century.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
Foster (2018).
 
2
Schultze (2015).
 
4
“[…] owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it”. (Article 1 of the 1951 Refugee Convention).
 
7
Article 17 on the movement of people: “[the Parties] shall endeavour first to harmonise, where necessary, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions concerning the prohibitions and restrictions on which the checks are based and to take complementary measures to safeguard internal security and prevent illegal immigration by nationals of States that are not members of the European Communities.”.
 
8
See. Council regulation No 2007/2004.
 
10
See. Court of Justice which in the case of Abdullahi (Case C-394/12, judgement of 10 December 2013).
*Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Spain
 
11
Statement of the European commissioner for migration, home affairs and citizenship. Available at http://​europa.​eu/​rapid/​press-release_​STATEMENT-14-1340_​en.​htm.
 
14
EU Decision 1523/2015 and EU Decision 1601/2015.
 
17
The EU and Tunisia start negotiations on visa facilitation and readmission. Available at: http://​europa.​eu/​rapid/​press-release_​IP-16-3394_​en.​htm.
 
19
Also, Germany (29%), the UK (37%), Spain (46%).
 
20
If somebody takes masses of non-registered immigrants from the Middle East into a country, this also means importing terrorism, criminalism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia”. Viktor Orban. Available at: https://​www.​budapesttimes.​hu/​2016/​03/​03/​i-maintain-basic-values-europe.
 
22
European Parliament elections results of May 2019. Available at: https://​www.​election-results.​eu/​.
 
23
See. V. Orban.
 
26
72% of the polled europeans want the EU to do more when it comes to asylum and migration. “EU migrant crisis: facts and figures”, 30 June 2017, European Parliament. Available at: http://​www.​europarl.​europa.​eu/​news/​en/​headlines/​society/​20170629STO78630​/​eu-migrant-crisis-facts-and-figures.
 
28
Jean-Claude Juncker Quotes. BrainyQuote.com, BrainyMedia Inc, 2019. Available at: https://​www.​brainyquote.​com/​quotes/​jeanclaude_​juncker_​887348, accessed 15 June 2019.
 
30
ECHR Grand chamber judgement 21 January 2011 in the case of M.S.S. v. BELGIUM AND GREECE, (Application no. 30696/09).
 
31
See www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/european-council/2015/10/15-16/ and Opening Speech at Valetta Conference. Available at: www.​consilium.​europa.​eu/​en/​press/​press-releases/​2015/​11-tuskopening-statement-valletta-summit/​.
 
Literature
go back to reference Carrera, S., et al. (2015). The EU’s response to the refugee crisis: Taking stock and setting policy priorities. Ceps Essay, (20/16). Carrera, S., et al. (2015). The EU’s response to the refugee crisis: Taking stock and setting policy priorities. Ceps Essay, (20/16).
go back to reference Castres, S. (2004). Why migration policies fail. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(2), 205–227.CrossRef Castres, S. (2004). Why migration policies fail. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(2), 205–227.CrossRef
go back to reference Castro, L. D., & Lago, J. R. R. (2018). Educación y diplomacia cultural en la primavera de Europa (1948–1954) = Education and cultural diplomacy in the spring of Europe (1948–1954). Revista de Educación, 383, 63–84. Castro, L. D., & Lago, J. R. R. (2018). Educación y diplomacia cultural en la primavera de Europa (1948–1954) = Education and cultural diplomacy in the spring of Europe (1948–1954). Revista de Educación, 383, 63–84.
go back to reference Dijkstra, S., et al. (2001). Multiculturalism and social integration in Europe. International Political Science Review, 22(1), 55–84.CrossRef Dijkstra, S., et al. (2001). Multiculturalism and social integration in Europe. International Political Science Review, 22(1), 55–84.CrossRef
go back to reference Färber, K. (2017). Mitterrand and the Great European design—From the cold war to the European Union. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 7(2), 132–147.CrossRef Färber, K. (2017). Mitterrand and the Great European design—From the cold war to the European Union. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 7(2), 132–147.CrossRef
go back to reference Ferraro, F., & De Capitani, E. (2016). The new European border and coast guard: Yet another “half way” EU reform? ERA Forum, 17(3). Ferraro, F., & De Capitani, E. (2016). The new European border and coast guard: Yet another “half way” EU reform? ERA Forum, 17(3).
go back to reference Giuffre, M. (2013). State responsibility beyond borders: What legal basis for Italy’s Push-backs to Libya? International Journal of Refugee: Oxford University Press, 24(4), 692–734.CrossRef Giuffre, M. (2013). State responsibility beyond borders: What legal basis for Italy’s Push-backs to Libya? International Journal of Refugee: Oxford University Press, 24(4), 692–734.CrossRef
go back to reference Hamulák, O. (2018). La carta de los derechos fundamentales de la union europea y los derechos sociales. Estudios Constitucionales, 16(1), 167–186.CrossRef Hamulák, O. (2018). La carta de los derechos fundamentales de la union europea y los derechos sociales. Estudios Constitucionales, 16(1), 167–186.CrossRef
go back to reference Jones, E., et al. (2016). Failing forward? The Euro crisis and the incomplete nature of European integration. Comparative Political Studies, 49(7), 1010–1034.CrossRef Jones, E., et al. (2016). Failing forward? The Euro crisis and the incomplete nature of European integration. Comparative Political Studies, 49(7), 1010–1034.CrossRef
go back to reference Kerikmäe, T. (Ed.). (2013). Protecting human rights in the EU: Controversies and challenges of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Springer Science & Business Media. Kerikmäe, T. (Ed.). (2013). Protecting human rights in the EU: Controversies and challenges of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Springer Science & Business Media.
go back to reference Kerikmäe, T., Troitiño, D. R., & Shumilo, O. (2019). An idol or an ideal? A case study of Estonian e-Governance: public perceptions, myths and misbeliefs. Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, 7(1). Kerikmäe, T., Troitiño, D. R., & Shumilo, O. (2019). An idol or an ideal? A case study of Estonian e-Governance: public perceptions, myths and misbeliefs. Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, 7(1).
go back to reference Langford, L. M. (2013). The other Euro crisis: Rights violations under the Common European Asylum system and the unraveling of EU solidarity. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 26, 217–259. Langford, L. M. (2013). The other Euro crisis: Rights violations under the Common European Asylum system and the unraveling of EU solidarity. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 26, 217–259.
go back to reference Lentin, A., & Titley, G. (2012). The crisis of ‘multiculturalism’ in Europe: Mediated minarets, intolerable subjects. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 15(2), 123–138.CrossRef Lentin, A., & Titley, G. (2012). The crisis of ‘multiculturalism’ in Europe: Mediated minarets, intolerable subjects. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 15(2), 123–138.CrossRef
go back to reference Limam, M., & Del Sarto, R. (2015). Periphery under pressure: Morocco, Tunisia and the European Union’s Mobility Partnership on migration. In European University Institute: Robert Shuman Centre for Advanced Studies (p. 27). Available at: http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/37521. Limam, M., & Del Sarto, R. (2015). Periphery under pressure: Morocco, Tunisia and the European Union’s Mobility Partnership on migration. In European University Institute: Robert Shuman Centre for Advanced Studies (p. 27). Available at: http://​cadmus.​eui.​eu/​handle/​1814/​37521.
go back to reference Martín de la Guardia, R. M., & Pérez Sánchez, G. A. (2001). Historia de la integración europea. Ariel, Barcelona. Martín de la Guardia, R. M., & Pérez Sánchez, G. A. (2001). Historia de la integración europea. Ariel, Barcelona.
go back to reference Outeda, C. C. (2001). El proceso de constitucionalización de la Unión Europea: de Roma a Niza (No. 3). Univ Santiago de Compostela. Outeda, C. C. (2001). El proceso de constitucionalización de la Unión Europea: de Roma a Niza (No. 3). Univ Santiago de Compostela.
go back to reference Pawlas, I. (2015, September). The Visegrad Countries and European Union membership-selected issues. In Proceedings of International Academic Conferences (No. 2704866). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences. Pawlas, I. (2015, September). The Visegrad Countries and European Union membership-selected issues. In Proceedings of International Academic Conferences (No. 2704866). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
go back to reference Ramiro Troitino, D., & Pando Ballesteros, M. D. L. P. (2017). Churchill’s European integration model. Revista de Occidente, 433, 57–71. Ramiro Troitino, D., & Pando Ballesteros, M. D. L. P. (2017). Churchill’s European integration model. Revista de Occidente, 433, 57–71.
go back to reference Rieff, D. (2005). The dream of multiculturalism is over. International Herald Tribune, 23. Rieff, D. (2005). The dream of multiculturalism is over. International Herald Tribune, 23.
go back to reference Rosamond, B. (2000). Theories of European integration. Basingstoke: Palgrav. Rosamond, B. (2000). Theories of European integration. Basingstoke: Palgrav.
go back to reference Schultze, P. (2015). Rethinking Russia. In F. Ondrej, W. Aaron (Eds.), Europe and the Migration crisis: The response of the EU Member States (p. 106). Schultze, P. (2015). Rethinking Russia. In F. Ondrej, W. Aaron (Eds.), Europe and the Migration crisis: The response of the EU Member States (p. 106).
go back to reference Scipioni, M. (2018). Failing forward in EU migration policy? EU integration after the 2015 asylum and migration crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(9), 1357–1375.CrossRef Scipioni, M. (2018). Failing forward in EU migration policy? EU integration after the 2015 asylum and migration crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(9), 1357–1375.CrossRef
go back to reference Trauner, F. (2016). Asylum policy: The EU’s ‘crises’ and the looming policy regime failure. Journal of European Integration, 38(3), 311–325.CrossRef Trauner, F. (2016). Asylum policy: The EU’s ‘crises’ and the looming policy regime failure. Journal of European Integration, 38(3), 311–325.CrossRef
go back to reference Troitiño, D. R. (2017). Jean Monnet before the first European community: A historical perspective and critic. Trames, 21(3), 193–213.CrossRef Troitiño, D. R. (2017). Jean Monnet before the first European community: A historical perspective and critic. Trames, 21(3), 193–213.CrossRef
go back to reference Troitiño, D. R., Kerikmäe, T., & Chochia, A. (Eds.). (2018). Brexit: History, reasoning and perspectives. Berlin: Springer. Troitiño, D. R., Kerikmäe, T., & Chochia, A. (Eds.). (2018). Brexit: History, reasoning and perspectives. Berlin: Springer.
go back to reference Troitino, D. R., & Faerber, K. (2019). Historical errors in the initial conception of the euro and its subsequent development. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 39(2), 328–343.CrossRef Troitino, D. R., & Faerber, K. (2019). Historical errors in the initial conception of the euro and its subsequent development. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 39(2), 328–343.CrossRef
go back to reference Vertosec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30, 1024–1054.CrossRef Vertosec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30, 1024–1054.CrossRef
go back to reference Court of Justice which in the case of Abdullahi (Case C-394/12, judgment of 10 December 2013). Court of Justice which in the case of Abdullahi (Case C-394/12, judgment of 10 December 2013).
go back to reference ECHR Grand chamber judgement 21 January 2011 in the case of M.S.S. v. BELGIUM AND GREECE, (Application no. 30696/09). ECHR Grand chamber judgement 21 January 2011 in the case of M.S.S. v. BELGIUM AND GREECE, (Application no. 30696/09).
Metadata
Title
Migration to Europe: A Threat or an Opportunity?
Authors
Lara Sansus
David Ramiro Troitiño
Tanel Kerikmäe
Copyright Year
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38399-2_5

Premium Partner