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Biodiversity and Conservation

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01-09-2009 | Original Paper

Mobilizing for nature in southern African community-based conservation policies, or the death of the local

Author: Estienne Rodary

Published in: Biodiversity and Conservation | Issue 10/2009

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Abstract

Community-based natural resource management policies have been seriously criticized in the last few years. Detractors have focused either on the lack of local participation, or on the lack of ecological results. Using two of the earliest and most studied community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) initiatives in Africa (ADMADE in Zambia and CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe), the article argues that such critics miss the actual stakes of community-based policies. These policies bring local communities into a global world, both in terms of practice and narrative. From this point of view, community-based policies must be viewed as long-term approaches to change in rural Africa, which will progressively make the local/global partition fuse into processes of continual social “mobilization”.

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Other programs were also created in the end of the eighties in Zambia, such as the Luangwa Integrated Resource Development Project (LIRDP) and the Wetlands Project managed by the WWF (eventually incorporated in Admade). LIRDP, renamed South Luangwa Area Management Unit (SLAMU) and formally included in the Zambia Wildlife Authority created in 1998, still enjoys a large autonomy from the central government. See Dalal-Clayton and Child (2003).

Even if attempts have been made to simplify the interaction between government agencies, private companies, and local actors. See for example Taylor (2001) for the establishment of quota settings.

Chipinge Rural District Council (no date) CAMPFIRE in Mahenye.

One might add that the strong emphasis on education and awareness programs in community-based organizations is also part of a social mobilization, though such programs were not central in CAMPFIRE and ADMADE.

As the two programs were presented during the Regional Community Based Organization Working Group Conference (Windhoek, Namibia, 24–28 March 2008), one of the thematic group of the WWF-SARPO Regional CBNRM Capacity Building Programme.

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Title: Mobilizing for nature in southern African community-based conservation policies, or the death of the local
Author: Estienne Rodary
Publication date: 01-09-2009
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Biodiversity and Conservation / Issue 10/2009
Print ISSN: 0960-3115
Electronic ISSN: 1572-9710
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9666-7

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