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Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

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24-03-2022 | Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for catalytic, photoelectrochemical and sensor applications

Modification of TiO₂ with clam-shell powder for photodegradation of methylene blue

Authors: Melanie Fang Chie Ling, Khee Chung Hui, Nonni Soraya Sambudi

Published in: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology | Issue 2/2022

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Abstract

The wide application of dyes has become the motivation of this research as significant amount of methylene blue (MB) in water portrayed potential risk to human well-being. Photocatalytic process is a promising yet sustainable method for the removal of dyes. In this study, clam shell (CS) powder has been successfully loaded into TiO₂ through hydrothermal method resulting in TiO₂/Clam Shell powder composite (TiO₂/CS) to improve the photodegradation performance of TiO₂. The produced composites exhibit lower bandgap energy, larger surface area and high crystallinity. It is observed that TiO₂/CS ratio of 4:1 is the optimum amount of CS in composite to obtain the most effective photodegradation process. Under Xenon lamp irradiation, TiO₂/CS 4:1 composite has completely degraded 10 ppm of MB within 120 mins with removal rate constant of 0.0251 min⁻¹. The loading of CS has enhanced the visible light absorption through lowering the bandgap energy of TiO₂ from 3.0 to 2.2 eV and increases specific surface area of TiO₂. The excellent performance of TiO₂ composite is attributed to synergistic effect of CS loading in TiO₂, which acted as support and electron trapper. Subsequently, the composite also portrayed good stability even after three cycles of degradation with 94.09% removal. The combination of CS and TiO₂ shown improved photodegradation which signified its potential to be applied in water treatment.

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Title: Modification of TiO2 with clam-shell powder for photodegradation of methylene blue
Authors: Melanie Fang Chie Ling
Khee Chung Hui
Nonni Soraya Sambudi
Publication date: 24-03-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0928-0707
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4846
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05761-9

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