Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval 4/2020

26-10-2020 | Regular Paper

MRECN: mixed representation enhanced (de)compositional network for caption generation from visual features, modeling as pseudo tensor product representation

Author: Chiranjib Sur

Published in: International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval | Issue 4/2020

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Semantic feature composition from image features has a drawback because it is unable to capture the content of the captions and failed to evolve as longer and meaningful captions. In this paper, we have proposed improvements on semantic features that can generate and evolve captions through the new approach called mixed fusion of representations and decomposition. Semantic works on the principle of using CNN visual features to generate context-word distribution and use that to generate captions using language decoder. Generated semantics are used for captioning, but have limitations. We have introduced a far better and newer approach with an enhanced representation-based network known as mixed representation enhanced (de)compositional network (MRECN), which can help produce better and different content for captions. As denoted from the results (0.351 BLUE_4), it has outperformed most of the state of the art. We defined a better feature decoding scheme using learned networks, which establishes an incoherence of related words into captions. From our research, we have come to some important conclusions regarding mixed representation strategies as it emerges as the most viable and promising way of representing the relationships of the sophisticated features for decision making and complex applications like the image to natural languages.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Sur C (2019) Survey of deep learning and architectures for visual captioning–transitioning between media and natural languages. Multimed Tools Appl 78(22):32187–32237CrossRef Sur C (2019) Survey of deep learning and architectures for visual captioning–transitioning between media and natural languages. Multimed Tools Appl 78(22):32187–32237CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Karpathy A, Fei-Fei L (2015) Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Karpathy A, Fei-Fei L (2015) Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
3.
go back to reference Chen X, Lawrence Zitnick C (2015) Mind’s eye: a recurrent visual representation for image caption generation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Chen X, Lawrence Zitnick C (2015) Mind’s eye: a recurrent visual representation for image caption generation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
4.
go back to reference Devlin J, Gupta S, Girshick R, Mitchell M, Zitnick CL (2015) Exploring nearest neighbor approaches for image captioning. arXiv:1505.04467 Devlin J, Gupta S, Girshick R, Mitchell M, Zitnick CL (2015) Exploring nearest neighbor approaches for image captioning. arXiv:​1505.​04467
5.
go back to reference Xu K et al (2015) Show, attend and tell: neural image caption generation with visual attention. In: International conference on machine learning Xu K et al (2015) Show, attend and tell: neural image caption generation with visual attention. In: International conference on machine learning
6.
go back to reference Vinyals O et al (2015) Show and tell: A neural image caption generator. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Vinyals O et al (2015) Show and tell: A neural image caption generator. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
9.
go back to reference Yao T, Pan Y, Li Y, Qiu Z, Mei T (2017) Boosting image captioning with attributes. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision, ICCV, pp 22–29 Yao T, Pan Y, Li Y, Qiu Z, Mei T (2017) Boosting image captioning with attributes. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision, ICCV, pp 22–29
10.
go back to reference Rennie SJ, Marcheret E, Mroueh Y, Ross J, Goel V (2017) Self-critical sequence training for image captioning. In: CVPR, vol 1, issue 2, p 3 Rennie SJ, Marcheret E, Mroueh Y, Ross J, Goel V (2017) Self-critical sequence training for image captioning. In: CVPR, vol 1, issue 2, p 3
11.
go back to reference Chen H, Ding G, Lin Z, Zhao S, Han J (2018) Show, observe and tell: attribute-driven attention model for image captioning. In: IJCAI, pp 606–612 Chen H, Ding G, Lin Z, Zhao S, Han J (2018) Show, observe and tell: attribute-driven attention model for image captioning. In: IJCAI, pp 606–612
13.
go back to reference Anderson P, He X, Buehler C, Teney D, Johnson M, Gould S, Zhang L (2018) Bottom-up and top-down attention for image captioning and visual question answering. In: CVPR, vol. 3, issue 5, p 6 Anderson P, He X, Buehler C, Teney D, Johnson M, Gould S, Zhang L (2018) Bottom-up and top-down attention for image captioning and visual question answering. In: CVPR, vol. 3, issue 5, p 6
14.
go back to reference Sur C (2020) SACT: self-aware multi-space feature composition transformer for multinomial attention for video captioning. arXiv:2006.14262 Sur C (2020) SACT: self-aware multi-space feature composition transformer for multinomial attention for video captioning. arXiv:​2006.​14262
15.
go back to reference Sur C (2020) Self-segregating and coordinated-segregating transformer for focused deep multi-modular network for visual question answering. arXiv:2006.14264 Sur C (2020) Self-segregating and coordinated-segregating transformer for focused deep multi-modular network for visual question answering. arXiv:​2006.​14264
16.
go back to reference Sur C (2020) ReLGAN: generalization of consistency for gan with disjoint constraints and relative learning of generative processes for multiple transformation learning. arXiv:2006.07809 Sur C (2020) ReLGAN: generalization of consistency for gan with disjoint constraints and relative learning of generative processes for multiple transformation learning. arXiv:​2006.​07809
18.
go back to reference Sur C (2020) Gaussian smoothen semantic features (GSSF)—exploring the linguistic aspects of visual captioning in Indian languages (Bengali) using MSCOCO framework. arXiv:2002.06701 Sur C (2020) Gaussian smoothen semantic features (GSSF)—exploring the linguistic aspects of visual captioning in Indian languages (Bengali) using MSCOCO framework. arXiv:​2002.​06701
19.
go back to reference Sur C (2020) MRRC: multiple role representation crossover interpretation for image captioning with R-CNN feature distribution composition (FDC). arXiv:2002.06436 Sur C (2020) MRRC: multiple role representation crossover interpretation for image captioning with R-CNN feature distribution composition (FDC). arXiv:​2002.​06436
21.
go back to reference Sur C (2019) CRUR: coupled-recurrent unit for unification, conceptualization and context capture for language representation—a generalization of bi directional LSTM. arXiv:1911.10132 Sur C (2019) CRUR: coupled-recurrent unit for unification, conceptualization and context capture for language representation—a generalization of bi directional LSTM. arXiv:​1911.​10132
22.
go back to reference Sur C (2020) RBN: enhancement in language attribute prediction using global representation of natural language transfer learning technology like Google BERT. SN Appl Sci 2(1):22CrossRef Sur C (2020) RBN: enhancement in language attribute prediction using global representation of natural language transfer learning technology like Google BERT. SN Appl Sci 2(1):22CrossRef
23.
24.
go back to reference Sur C (2018) Feature fusion effects of tensor product representation on (de) compositional network for caption generation for images. arXiv:1812.06624 Sur C (2018) Feature fusion effects of tensor product representation on (de) compositional network for caption generation for images. arXiv:​1812.​06624
25.
go back to reference Sur C (2019) GSIAR: gene-subcategory interaction-based improved deep representation learning for breast cancer subcategorical analysis using gene expression, applicable for precision medicine. Med Biol Eng Comput 57(11):2483–2515CrossRef Sur C (2019) GSIAR: gene-subcategory interaction-based improved deep representation learning for breast cancer subcategorical analysis using gene expression, applicable for precision medicine. Med Biol Eng Comput 57(11):2483–2515CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Sur C (2019) DeepSeq: learning browsing log data based personalized security vulnerabilities and counter intelligent measures. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 10(9):3573–3602CrossRef Sur C (2019) DeepSeq: learning browsing log data based personalized security vulnerabilities and counter intelligent measures. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 10(9):3573–3602CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Sur C, Liu P, Zhou Y, Wu D (2019) Semantic tensor product for image captioning. In: 2019 5th international conference on big data computing and communications (BIGCOM). IEEE, pp 33–37 Sur C, Liu P, Zhou Y, Wu D (2019) Semantic tensor product for image captioning. In: 2019 5th international conference on big data computing and communications (BIGCOM). IEEE, pp 33–37
28.
go back to reference You Q et al (2016) Image captioning with semantic attention. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition You Q et al (2016) Image captioning with semantic attention. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
29.
go back to reference Lu J, Xiong C, Parikh D, Socher R (2017) Knowing when to look: adaptive attention via a visual sentinel for image captioning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol 6, p 2 Lu J, Xiong C, Parikh D, Socher R (2017) Knowing when to look: adaptive attention via a visual sentinel for image captioning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol 6, p 2
31.
go back to reference Lu J, Yang J, Batra D, Parikh D (2018) Neural baby talk. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 7219–7228 Lu J, Yang J, Batra D, Parikh D (2018) Neural baby talk. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 7219–7228
32.
go back to reference You Q, Jin H, Luo J (2018) Image captioning at will: a versatile scheme for effectively injecting sentiments into image descriptions. arXiv:1801.10121 You Q, Jin H, Luo J (2018) Image captioning at will: a versatile scheme for effectively injecting sentiments into image descriptions. arXiv:​1801.​10121
33.
35.
go back to reference Chen F, Ji R, Su J, Wu Y, Wu Y (2017) Structcap: structured semantic embedding for image captioning. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on multimedia conference. ACM, pp 46–54 Chen F, Ji R, Su J, Wu Y, Wu Y (2017) Structcap: structured semantic embedding for image captioning. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on multimedia conference. ACM, pp 46–54
37.
go back to reference Wu C, Wei Y, Chu X, Su F, Wang L (2018) Modeling visual and word-conditional semantic attention for image captioning. Signal Process Image Commun 67:100–107CrossRef Wu C, Wei Y, Chu X, Su F, Wang L (2018) Modeling visual and word-conditional semantic attention for image captioning. Signal Process Image Commun 67:100–107CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Fu K, Li J, Jin J, Zhang C (2018) Image-text surgery: efficient concept learning in image captioning by generating pseudopairs. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 99:1–12 Fu K, Li J, Jin J, Zhang C (2018) Image-text surgery: efficient concept learning in image captioning by generating pseudopairs. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 99:1–12
39.
go back to reference Cornia M, Baraldi L, Serra G, Cucchiara R (2018) Paying more attention to saliency: image captioning with saliency and context attention. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMM) 14(2):48 Cornia M, Baraldi L, Serra G, Cucchiara R (2018) Paying more attention to saliency: image captioning with saliency and context attention. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMM) 14(2):48
40.
go back to reference Zhao W, Wang B, Ye J, Yang M, Zhao Z, Luo R, Qiao Y (2018) A Multi-task learning approach for image captioning. In: IJCAI, pp 1205–1211 Zhao W, Wang B, Ye J, Yang M, Zhao Z, Luo R, Qiao Y (2018) A Multi-task learning approach for image captioning. In: IJCAI, pp 1205–1211
41.
go back to reference Li X, Wang X, Xu C, Lan W, Wei Q, Yang G, Xu J (2018) COCO-CN for cross-lingual image tagging, captioning and retrieval. arXiv:1805.08661 Li X, Wang X, Xu C, Lan W, Wei Q, Yang G, Xu J (2018) COCO-CN for cross-lingual image tagging, captioning and retrieval. arXiv:​1805.​08661
42.
go back to reference Chen M, Ding G, Zhao S, Chen H, Liu Q, Han J (2017) Reference based LSTM for image captioning. In: AAAI, pp 3981–3987 Chen M, Ding G, Zhao S, Chen H, Liu Q, Han J (2017) Reference based LSTM for image captioning. In: AAAI, pp 3981–3987
43.
go back to reference Chen H, Zhang H, Chen PY, Yi J, Hsieh CJ (2017) Show-and-fool: Crafting adversarial examples for neural image captioning. arXiv:1712.02051 Chen H, Zhang H, Chen PY, Yi J, Hsieh CJ (2017) Show-and-fool: Crafting adversarial examples for neural image captioning. arXiv:​1712.​02051
44.
go back to reference Ye S, Liu N, Han J (2018) Attentive linear transformation for image captioning. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(11):5514–5524MathSciNetCrossRef Ye S, Liu N, Han J (2018) Attentive linear transformation for image captioning. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(11):5514–5524MathSciNetCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Wang Y, Lin Z, Shen X, Cohen S, Cottrell GW (2017) Skeleton key: Image captioning by skeleton-attribute decomposition. arXiv:1704.06972 Wang Y, Lin Z, Shen X, Cohen S, Cottrell GW (2017) Skeleton key: Image captioning by skeleton-attribute decomposition. arXiv:​1704.​06972
46.
go back to reference Chen T, Zhang Z, You Q, Fang C, Wang Z, Jin H, Luo J (2018) “Factual” or “Emotional”: stylized image captioning with adaptive learning and attention. arXiv:1807.03871 Chen T, Zhang Z, You Q, Fang C, Wang Z, Jin H, Luo J (2018) “Factual” or “Emotional”: stylized image captioning with adaptive learning and attention. arXiv:​1807.​03871
47.
go back to reference Chen F, Ji R, Sun X, Wu Y, Su J (2018) GroupCap: group-based image captioning with structured relevance and diversity constraints. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1345–1353 Chen F, Ji R, Sun X, Wu Y, Su J (2018) GroupCap: group-based image captioning with structured relevance and diversity constraints. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1345–1353
48.
49.
50.
go back to reference Liu X, Li H, Shao J, Chen D, Wang X (2018) Show, tell and discriminate: image captioning by self-retrieval with partially labeled data. arXiv:1803.08314 Liu X, Li H, Shao J, Chen D, Wang X (2018) Show, tell and discriminate: image captioning by self-retrieval with partially labeled data. arXiv:​1803.​08314
51.
go back to reference Chunseong Park C, Kim B, Kim G (2017) Attend to you: personalized image captioning with context sequence memory networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 895–903 Chunseong Park C, Kim B, Kim G (2017) Attend to you: personalized image captioning with context sequence memory networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 895–903
52.
go back to reference Sharma P, Ding N, Goodman S, Soricut R (2018) Conceptual captions: a cleaned, hypernymed, image alt-text dataset for automatic image captioning. In: Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long Papers), vol 1, pp 2556–2565 Sharma P, Ding N, Goodman S, Soricut R (2018) Conceptual captions: a cleaned, hypernymed, image alt-text dataset for automatic image captioning. In: Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long Papers), vol 1, pp 2556–2565
53.
go back to reference Yao T, Pan Y, Li Y, Mei T (2017) Incorporating copying mechanism in image captioning for learning novel objects. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE, pp 5263–5271 Yao T, Pan Y, Li Y, Mei T (2017) Incorporating copying mechanism in image captioning for learning novel objects. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE, pp 5263–5271
54.
go back to reference Zhang L, Sung F, Liu F, Xiang T, Gong S, Yang Y, Hospedales TM (2017) Actor-critic sequence training for image captioning. arXiv:1706.09601 Zhang L, Sung F, Liu F, Xiang T, Gong S, Yang Y, Hospedales TM (2017) Actor-critic sequence training for image captioning. arXiv:​1706.​09601
55.
go back to reference Fu K, Jin J, Cui R, Sha F, Zhang C (2017) Aligning where to see and what to tell: image captioning with region-based attention and scene-specific contexts. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(12):2321–2334CrossRef Fu K, Jin J, Cui R, Sha F, Zhang C (2017) Aligning where to see and what to tell: image captioning with region-based attention and scene-specific contexts. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(12):2321–2334CrossRef
56.
57.
go back to reference Liu S, Zhu Z, Ye N, Guadarrama S, Murphy K (2017) Improved image captioning via policy gradient optimization of spider. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, vol 3, p 3 Liu S, Zhu Z, Ye N, Guadarrama S, Murphy K (2017) Improved image captioning via policy gradient optimization of spider. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, vol 3, p 3
58.
59.
go back to reference Liu C, Mao J, Sha F, Yuille AL (2017) Attention correctness in neural image captioning. In: AAAI, pp 4176–4182 Liu C, Mao J, Sha F, Yuille AL (2017) Attention correctness in neural image captioning. In: AAAI, pp 4176–4182
60.
go back to reference Vinyals O, Toshev A, Bengio S, Erhan D (2017) Show and tell: Lessons learned from the 2015 mscoco image captioning challenge. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(4):652–663CrossRef Vinyals O, Toshev A, Bengio S, Erhan D (2017) Show and tell: Lessons learned from the 2015 mscoco image captioning challenge. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(4):652–663CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Zhang M, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ji Y, Shen HT, Chua TS (2018) More is better: precise and detailed image captioning using online positive recall and missing concepts mining. IEEE Trans Image Process Zhang M, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ji Y, Shen HT, Chua TS (2018) More is better: precise and detailed image captioning using online positive recall and missing concepts mining. IEEE Trans Image Process
62.
go back to reference Park CC, Kim B, Kim G (2018) Towards personalized image captioning via multimodal memory networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 41(4):999–1012CrossRef Park CC, Kim B, Kim G (2018) Towards personalized image captioning via multimodal memory networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 41(4):999–1012CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Wu Q, Shen C, Wang P, Dick A, van den Hengel A (2017) Image captioning and visual question answering based on attributes and external knowledge. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell Wu Q, Shen C, Wang P, Dick A, van den Hengel A (2017) Image captioning and visual question answering based on attributes and external knowledge. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell
64.
go back to reference Gan C et al (2017) Stylenet: generating attractive visual captions with styles. In: CVPR Gan C et al (2017) Stylenet: generating attractive visual captions with styles. In: CVPR
65.
go back to reference Jin J et al (2015) Aligning where to see and what to tell: image caption with region-based attention and scene factorization. arXiv:1506.06272 Jin J et al (2015) Aligning where to see and what to tell: image caption with region-based attention and scene factorization. arXiv:​1506.​06272
66.
go back to reference Kiros R, Salakhutdinov R, Zemel RS (2014) Unifying visual-semantic embeddings with multimodal neural language models. arXiv:1411.2539 Kiros R, Salakhutdinov R, Zemel RS (2014) Unifying visual-semantic embeddings with multimodal neural language models. arXiv:​1411.​2539
67.
go back to reference Pu Y et al (2016) Variational autoencoder for deep learning of images, labels and captions. In: Advances in neural information processing systems Pu Y et al (2016) Variational autoencoder for deep learning of images, labels and captions. In: Advances in neural information processing systems
68.
go back to reference Socher R et al (2014) Grounded compositional semantics for finding and describing images with sentences. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist 2:207–218CrossRef Socher R et al (2014) Grounded compositional semantics for finding and describing images with sentences. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist 2:207–218CrossRef
69.
go back to reference Sutskever I, Martens J, Hinton GE (2011) Generating text with recurrent neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 28th International conference on machine learning (ICML-11) Sutskever I, Martens J, Hinton GE (2011) Generating text with recurrent neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 28th International conference on machine learning (ICML-11)
70.
go back to reference Sutskever I, Vinyals O, Le QV (2014) Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems Sutskever I, Vinyals O, Le QV (2014) Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems
71.
go back to reference LTran D et al (2015) Learning spatiotemporal features with 3d convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision LTran D et al (2015) Learning spatiotemporal features with 3d convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision
72.
go back to reference Tran K et al (2016) Rich image captioning in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops Tran K et al (2016) Rich image captioning in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops
73.
go back to reference Girshick R et al (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Girshick R et al (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
74.
go back to reference Jia X et al (2015) Guiding the long-short term memory model for image caption generation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Jia X et al (2015) Guiding the long-short term memory model for image caption generation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision
75.
go back to reference Kulkarni G et al (2013) Babytalk: understanding and generating simple image descriptions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(12):2891–2903CrossRef Kulkarni G et al (2013) Babytalk: understanding and generating simple image descriptions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(12):2891–2903CrossRef
76.
go back to reference Kuznetsova P et al (2014) TREETALK: composition and compression of trees for image descriptions. TACL 2(10):351–362CrossRef Kuznetsova P et al (2014) TREETALK: composition and compression of trees for image descriptions. TACL 2(10):351–362CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Mao J et al (2015) Learning like a child: fast novel visual concept learning from sentence descriptions of images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision Mao J et al (2015) Learning like a child: fast novel visual concept learning from sentence descriptions of images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision
78.
go back to reference Mathews AP, Xie L, He X (2016) SentiCap: generating image descriptions with sentiments. In: AAAI Mathews AP, Xie L, He X (2016) SentiCap: generating image descriptions with sentiments. In: AAAI
79.
go back to reference Yang Y et al (2011) Corpus-guided sentence generation of natural images. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics Yang Y et al (2011) Corpus-guided sentence generation of natural images. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics
80.
go back to reference Donahue J et al (2015) Long-term recurrent convolutional networks for visual recognition and description. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Donahue J et al (2015) Long-term recurrent convolutional networks for visual recognition and description. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
81.
go back to reference Fang H et al (2015) From captions to visual concepts and back. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Fang H et al (2015) From captions to visual concepts and back. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
82.
go back to reference Wang C, Yang H, Meinel C (2018) Image captioning with deep bidirectional LSTMs and multi-task learning. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMM) 14(2s):40 Wang C, Yang H, Meinel C (2018) Image captioning with deep bidirectional LSTMs and multi-task learning. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMM) 14(2s):40
83.
go back to reference Kiros R, Salakhutdinov R, Zemel R (2014) Multimodal neural language models. In: International conference on machine learning, pp 595–603 Kiros R, Salakhutdinov R, Zemel R (2014) Multimodal neural language models. In: International conference on machine learning, pp 595–603
84.
go back to reference Yang Z, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Salakhutdinov R, Cohen WW (2016) Encode, review, and decode: reviewer module for caption generation. arXiv:1605.07912 Yang Z, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Salakhutdinov R, Cohen WW (2016) Encode, review, and decode: reviewer module for caption generation. arXiv:​1605.​07912
85.
go back to reference Sur C (2019) UCRLF: unified constrained reinforcement learning framework for phase-aware architectures for autonomous vehicle signaling and trajectory optimization. Evol Intel 12(4):689–712CrossRef Sur C (2019) UCRLF: unified constrained reinforcement learning framework for phase-aware architectures for autonomous vehicle signaling and trajectory optimization. Evol Intel 12(4):689–712CrossRef
Metadata
Title
MRECN: mixed representation enhanced (de)compositional network for caption generation from visual features, modeling as pseudo tensor product representation
Author
Chiranjib Sur
Publication date
26-10-2020
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval / Issue 4/2020
Print ISSN: 2192-6611
Electronic ISSN: 2192-662X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13735-020-00198-8

Other articles of this Issue 4/2020

International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval 4/2020 Go to the issue

Premium Partner