Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cellulose
Published in: Cellulose 15/2021

03-09-2021 | Original Research

New insights into Chinese traditional handmade paper: influence of growth age on morphology and cellulose structure of phloem fibers from Pteroceltis tatarinowii

Authors: Bingwei Chen, Shengcheng Zhai, Yu’na Kan, Xiaodong Fan, Xinzhou Wang, Biao Pan, Changtong Mei, Junji Sugiyama

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 15/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Phloem fibers from the bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii are the main raw material for Chinese traditional handmade paper, Xuan zhi. Research on this fiber will contribute to unveil the scientific connotation contained in empirical records, and promote the inheritance of Chinese culture. In this study, the influence of age (5-, 12-, 29- year-old) on the anatomical, morphological, cellulose, and mechanical characteristics of phloem fibers were investigated. The microscopy showed that phloem fibers of P. tatarinowii contained the gelatinous layer. The phloem fibers were thin and long, and microfibril angles were small (4.2° ~ 6.9°). The highest total carbohydrate content of 38.0% was found in the 5-year-old bark, of which glucose accounted for 73.3%. The crystallinity of phloem fiber was decreased from 70.7 to 57.5 with the growing age. Due to a tighter cellulose structure, the 5-year-old phloem fibers exhibited a higher indentation modulus (10.8 ~20.5 GPa) than the others (6.1~15.0 GPa).

Graphic abstract

previous article On the role of fibre bonds on the elasticity of low-density papers: a micro-mechanical approach
next article Tunable and foldable paper-based passive electronic components and filter circuits

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
Afra E, Yousefi H, Hadilam MM, Nishino T (2013) Comparative effect of mechanical beating and nanofibrillation of cellulose on paper properties made from bagasse and softwood pulps. Carbohydr Polym 97:725–730PubMedCrossRef
Ahn K, Zaccaron S, Rosenau T, Potthast A (2019) How alkaline solvents in viscosity measurements affect data for oxidatively damaged celluloses: Cupri-Ethylenediamine. Biomacromol 20:4117–4125CrossRef
Angyalossy V, Pace RM, Evert FR, Marcati RC, Oskolski AA, Terrazas T, Kotina E, Lens F, Mazzoni-Viveiros CS, Angeles G, Machado RS, Crivellaro A, Rao SK, Junikka L, Nikolaeva N, Baas P (2016) IAWA list of microscopic bark features. IAWA J 37:517–615CrossRef
Bai L, Hu H, Xu J (2012) Influences of configuration and molecular weight of hemicelluloses on their paper-strengthening effects. Carbohydr Polym 88:1258–1263CrossRef
Becker M, Ahn K, Bacher M, Xu C, Sundberg A, Willför S, Rosenau T, Potthast A (2021) Comparative hydrolysis analysis of cellulose samples and aspects of its application in conservation science. Cellulose.
Bergfjord C, Holst B (2010) A procedure for identifying textile bast fibres using microscopy: flax, nettle/ramie, hemp and jute. Ultramicroscopy 110:1192–1197PubMedCrossRef
Bian H, Luo J, Wang R, Zhou X, Ni S, Shi R, Fang G, Dai H (2019) Recyclable and reusable maleic acid for efficient production of cellulose nanofibrils with stable performance. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:20022–20031CrossRef
Burgert I, Gierlinger N, Zimmermann T (2005) Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Part 1: structural and chemical characterization. Holzforschung 59:240–246CrossRef
Bünder A, Sundman O, Mahboubi A, Persson S, Mansfield DS, Markus Rüggeberg M, Niittylä T (2020) CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING 1 is required for wood mechanics and leaf morphology in aspen. Plant J 103:1858–1868PubMedCrossRef
Cardoso S, Quilhó T, Pereira H (2018) Influence of cambial age on the bark structure of Douglas-fir. Wood Sci Technol 53:191–210CrossRef
Carla L, Helena P (2017) Cork-containing barks - a review. Front Mater 3:63–81
Chernova TE, Mikshina PV, Salnikov VV, Ibragimova NN, Sautkina OV, Gorshkova TA (2018) Development of distinct cell wall layers both in primary and secondary phloem fibers of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Ind Crops Prod 117:97–109CrossRef
Dilamian M, Noroozi B (2019) A combined homogenization-high intensity ultrasonication process for individualizaion of cellulose micro-nano fibers from rice straw. Cellulose 26:5831–5849CrossRef
Donaldson LA (2008) Microfibril angle: measurement, variation and relationships - a review. IAWA J 29:345–386CrossRef
Eichhorn SJ, Young RJ (2001) The Young’s modulus of a microcrystalline cellulose. Cellulose 8:197–207CrossRef
ES Iso Standard (2012) Pulps - Determination of limiting viscosity number in cupriethylenediamine (CED) solution. ES ISO 5351:2012
Felhofer M, Bock P, Singh A, Prats MB, Zirbs R, Gierlinger N (2020) Wood deformation leads to rearrangement of molecules at the nanoscale. Nano Lett 20:2647–2653PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
French A, Cintrón M (2013) Cellulose polymorphy, crystallite size, and the Segal Crystallinity Index. Cellulose 20:583–588CrossRef
Gierlinger N, Keplinger T, Harrington M (2012) Imaging of plant cell walls by confocal Raman microscopy. Nat Protoc 7:1694–1708PubMedCrossRef
Gierlinger N, Schwanninger M (2007) The potential of Raman microscopy and Raman imaging in plant research. J Spectrosc 21:69–89CrossRef
Gorshkova T, Gurjanov O, Mikshina P, Ibragimova N, Mokshina N, Salnikov V, Chemikosova S (2010) Specific type of secondary cell wall formed by plant fibers. Russ J Plant Physiol 57:328–341CrossRef
Goudenhooft C, Siniscalco D, Arnould O, Bourmaud A, Sire O, Gorshkova T, Baley C (2108) Investigation of the mechanical properties of flax cell walls during plant development: The relation between performance and cell wall structure. Fibers 6:6–14.
Haugan E, Holst B (2013) Determining the fibrillar orientation of bast fibres with polarized light microscopy: the modified Herzog test (red plate test) explained. J Microsc 252:159–168PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Ibragimova N, Mokshina N, Ageeva M, Gurjanov O, Mikshina P (2020) Rearrangement of the cellulose-enriched cell wall in flax phloem fibers over the course of the gravitropic reaction. Int J Mol Sci 21:5322–5344PubMedCentralCrossRef
Jebadurai SG, Raj RE, Sreenivasan VS, Binoj JS (2019) Comprehensive characterization of natural cellulosic fiber from Coccinia grandis stem. Carbohydr Polym 207:675–683PubMedCrossRef
Ji Z, Ma JF, Zhang ZH, Xu F, Sun RC (2013) Distribution of lignin and cellulose in compression wood tracheids of Pinus yunnanensis determined by fluorescence microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy. Ind Crops Prod 47:212–217CrossRef
Jin K, Liu X, Wang K, Jiang Z, Tian G, Yang S, Ma J (2018) Imaging the dynamic deposition of cell wall polymer in xylem and phloem in Populus × euramericana. Planta 248:849–858PubMedCrossRef
Kathirselvam M, Kumaravela A, Arthanarieswarana VP, Saravanakumarb SS (2019) Assessment of cellulose in barkfibers of Thespesia populnea influence of stem maturity on fiber characterization. Carbohydr Polym 212:439–449PubMedCrossRef
Leney L (1981) A technique for measuring fibril angle using polarized light. Wood Fiber Sci 13:13–16
Lima JT, Ribeiro AO, Narciso CRP (2014) Microfibril angle of Eucalyptus grandis wood in relation to the cambial age. Maderas: Ciencia y tecnología 16:487–494.
Luo Y, Cigić IK, Wei Q, Strlič M (2021) Characterisation and durability of contemporary unsized Xuan paper. Cellulose 28:1011–1023CrossRef
Łojewski T, Zięba K, Knapik A, Bagniuk J, Lubańska A, Łojewska J (2010) Evaluating paper degradation progress. Cross-linking between chromatographic, spectroscopic and chemical results. Appl Phys A 100:809–821CrossRef
Makarem M, Lee MC, Kafle K, Huang S, Chae I, Yang H, Kubicki DJ, Kim HS (2019) Probing cellulose structures with vibrational spectroscopy. Cellulose 26:35–79CrossRef
Makarova E, Shakhmatov E, Belyy V (2017) Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Carbohydr Polym 157:686–694PubMedCrossRef
Marrot L, Lefeuvre A, Pontoire B, Bourmaud A, Baley C (2013) Analysis of the hemp fiber mechanical properties and their scattering (Fedora 17). Ind Crops Prod 51:317–327CrossRef
Mokshina NE, Ibragimova NN, Salnikov VV, Amenitskii SI, Gorshkova TA (2012) Galactosidase of plant fibers with gelatinous cell wall: identification and localization. Russ J Plant Physiol 59:246–254CrossRef
Mosele MM, Hansen AS, Engelsen SB, Diaz J, Sorensen I, Ulvskov P, Harholt J (2011) Characterisation of the arabinose-rich carbohydrate composition of immature and mature marama beans (Tylosema esculentum). Phytochemistry 72:1466–1472PubMedCrossRef
Nakagawa K, Yoshinaga A, Takabe K (2012) Anatomy and lignin distribution in reaction phloem fibres of several Japanese hardwoods. Ann Bot 110:897–904PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Nakagawa K, Yoshinaga A, Takabe K (2014) Xylan deposition and lignification in the multi-layered cell walls of phloem fibres in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). Tree Physiol 34:1018–1029PubMedCrossRef
Oliver WC, Pharr GM (1992) An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J Mater Res 7:1564–1583CrossRef
Poletto M, Zattera AJ, Forte MM, Santana RM (2012) Thermal decomposition of wood: influence of wood components and cellulose crystallite size. Bioresour Technol 109:148–153PubMedCrossRef
Razali N, Salit MS, Jawaid M, Ishak MR, Lazim Y (2015) A study on chemical composition, physical, tensile, morphological, and thermal properties of roselle fibre: effect of fibre maturity. BioResources 10:1803–1824CrossRef
Ruel K, Nishiyama Y, Joseleau JP (2012) Crystalline and amorphous cellulose in the secondary walls of Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 193–194:48–61PubMedCrossRef
Salmé L, Burgert I (2009) Cell wall features with regard to mechanical performance. A Rev Holzforschung 63:121–129
Sarma KV, Pan J, Smith AJ, Uritam RA, Johnson TW, Mcgrew JT, Yong LL, Gupta RC, Tekeli S, Johns T, Young DG (1997) Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. In: Selin H (ed) Paper and papermaking. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 806–829
Segal L, Creely JJ, Martin AE, Conrad CM (1959) An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using X-ray diffractometer. Text Res J 29:786–794CrossRef
Silva DR, Byrne N (2017) Utilization of cotton waste for regenerated cellulose fibres: influence of degree of polymerization on mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 174:89–94PubMedCrossRef
Sluiter A, Hames B, Ruiz R, Scarlata C, Sluiter J, Templeton D, Crocker D (2011) Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP). National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Song YX (2011) Tian Gung Kai Wu, Guangdong Education Publishing House.
Tang Y, Smith JG (2013) Fluorescence and photodegradation of Xuan paper: the photostability of traditional Chinese handmade paper. J Cult Herit 14:464–470CrossRef
Tang Y, Smith JG, Weston JR, Kong X (2017) Chinese handmade mulberry paper: generation of reactive oxygen species and sensitivity to photodegradation. J Cult Herit 28:82–89CrossRef
Tanguy M, Bourmaud A, Baley C (2016) Plant cell walls to reinforce composite materials: relationship between nanoindentation and tensile modulus. Mater Lett 167:161–164CrossRef
Ververis C, Georghiou K, Christodoulakis N, Santas P, Santas R (2004) Fiber dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production. Ind Crops Prod 19:245–254CrossRef
Wimmer R, Downes GM, Evans R, Rasmussen G, French J (2002) Direct effects of wood characteristics on pulp and handsheet properties of Eucalyptus globulus. Holzforschung 56:244–252CrossRef
Wu Y, Wang S, Zhou D, Xing C, Zhang Y (2009) Use of nanoindentation and silviscan to determine the mechanical properties of 10 hardwood species. Wood Fiber Sci 41:64–73
Xiao MZ, Chen WJ, Cao XF, Chen YY, Zhao BC, Jiang ZH, Yuan TQ, Sun RC (2020) Unmasking the heterogeneity of carbohydrates in heartwood, sapwood, and bark of Eucalyptus. Carbohydr Polym 238:116212–116220PubMedCrossRef
You H, Fujiwara K, Tang Q (2018) Phytosociological study of Pteroceltis tatarinowii forest in the deciduous-forest zone of eastern China. In: Greller MA, Fujiwara K, Pedrotti F (eds) Geographical changes in vegetation and plant functional types. Springer, Cham, pp 239–280CrossRef
Zhai S, Sugiyama J, Imai T, Horikawa Y (2013) Cell wall characterization of windmill palm (Trachycarpus Fortunei) fibers and its functional implications. IAWA J 34:20–33CrossRef
Metadata
Title
New insights into Chinese traditional handmade paper: influence of growth age on morphology and cellulose structure of phloem fibers from Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Authors
Bingwei Chen
Shengcheng Zhai
Yu’na Kan
Xiaodong Fan
Xinzhou Wang
Biao Pan
Changtong Mei
Junji Sugiyama
Publication date
03-09-2021
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cellulose / Issue 15/2021
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04150-9

Other articles of this Issue 15/2021

Cellulose 15/2021 Go to the issue

Original Research

Integrated and sustainable preparation of functional nanocellulose via formic acid/choline chloride solvents pretreatment

Original Research

Potential military cotton textiles composed of carbon quantum dots clustered from 4–(2,4–dichlorophenyl)–6–oxo–2–thioxohexahydropyrimidine–5–carbonitrile

Original Research

Tunable and foldable paper-based passive electronic components and filter circuits

Original Research

Microchannels in nano-submicro-fibrous cellulose scaffolds favor cell ingrowth

Original Research

Stearns-Noechel color matching model of digital rotor spinning viscose melange yarn

Original Research

Highly flame retardant, low thermally conducting, and hydrophobic phytic acid-guanazole-cellulose nanofiber composite foams