Top

Journal of Materials Science

Published in:

04-04-2022 | Metals & corrosion

Numerical simulation of the stationary shoulder friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V

Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing, Jiang Wang, Yuan Tao, Chen Shujun, Wang Lei, Liu Yongyong

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 14/2022

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The effect of stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) on temperature gradient and material flow was investigated to optimize the SSFSW process. A three-dimensional numerical model of heat generation and material flow was established by using computational fluid dynamics, and thermo-physical phenomena of SSFSWed Ti-6Al-4V were quantitatively analyzed in terms of heat generation, heat transfer, material flow and viscosity. The temperature gradient was more uniform in a narrow stir zone produced by the SSFSW process. The distribution of velocity was studied, and instantaneous velocity center of tool was divided into two different velocity regions to study the material flow. The simulation results were verified by experimental thermal cycles of calculated position of model, which was in accordance with the experimental results.

previous article Thermodynamic and diffusion kinetic studies of the Co-Al–Fe system

next article Element segregation and thermal stability of Ni–Pd nanoparticles

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Fratini L, Buffa G (2005) CDRX modelling in friction stir welding of aluminum alloys. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 45:1188–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.12.001CrossRef

Banerjee D, Williams JC (2013) Perspectives on titanium science and technology. Acta Mater 61:844–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043CrossRef

Liu H, Fujii H, Maeda M, Nogi K (2003) Tensile properties and fracture locations of friction-stir welded joints of 6061–T6 aluminum alloy. J Mater Sci Lett 22:1061–1063. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024970421082CrossRef

He X, Gu F, Ball A (2014) A review of numerical analysis of friction stir welding. Prog Mater Sci 65:1–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.03.003CrossRef

Meng X, Huang Y, Cao J, Shen J, dos Santos JF (2021) Recent progress on control strategies for inherent issues in friction stir welding. Prog Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100706CrossRef

Zhou L, Liu HJ, Liu QW (2010) Effect of rotation speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V friction stir welded joints. Mater Des 31:2631–2636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.12.014CrossRef

Zhou L, Liu HJ, Liu QW (2010) Effect of process parameters on stir zone microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V friction stir welds. J Mater Sci 45:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3881-1CrossRef

Zhou L, Liu HJ, Liu P, Liu QW (2009) The stir zone microstructure and its formation mechanism in Ti–6Al–4V friction stir welds. Scripta Mater 61:596–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.05.029CrossRef

Jiang X, Wynne BP, Martin J (2018) Variant selection in stationary shoulder friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Sci Technol 34:198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2017.11.024CrossRef

10.

Jiang X, Wynne BP, Martin J (2015) Microstructure and texture evolution of stationary shoulder friction stir welded Ti6Al4V alloy. Sci Technol Weld Joining 20:594–600. https://doi.org/10.1179/1362171815y.0000000043CrossRef

11.

Davies PS, Wynne BP, Rainforth WM, Thomas MJ, Threadgill PL (2011) Development of microstructure and crystallographic texture during stationary shoulder friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V. Metall Mater Trans A-Phys Metall Mater Sci 42A:2278–2289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0606-2CrossRef

12.

Bai Y, Jiang X, Chen S, Jiang W, Han Y, Yuan T, Wang X (2021) Microstructure and properties of electrically assisted stationary shoulder friction stir welded Ti6Al4V. Sci Technol Weld Joining 26:377–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2021.1923441CrossRef

13.

Li D, Yang X, Cui L, He F, Zhang X (2015) Investigation of stationary shoulder friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 7075–T651. J Mater Process Technol 222:391–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.03.036CrossRef

14.

Sun GD, Zhou L, Liu YN, Yang HF, Jiang JT, Li GA (2022) Microstructure characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in 2A97 aluminum-lithium alloys welded by stationary shoulder friction stir welding. J Market Res 16:416–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.12.004CrossRef

15.

Buffa G, Fratini L, Impero F, Masnata A, Scherillo F, Squillace A (2020) Surface and mechanical characterization of stationary shoulder friction stir welded lap joints: experimental and numerical approach. IntJ Mater Form 13:725–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-020-01574-9CrossRef

16.

Iqbal MP, Tripathi A, Jain R, Mahto RP, Pal SK, Mandal P (2020) Numerical modelling of microstructure in friction stir welding of aluminum alloys. Int J Mech Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105882CrossRef

17.

Chen GQ, Feng ZL, Chen J, Liu L, Li H, Liu Q, Zhang S, Cao X, Zhang G, Shi QY (2017) Analytical approach for describing the collapse of surface asperities under compressive stress during rapid solid state bonding. Scripta Mater 128:41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.10.015CrossRef

18.

Chen G, Ma Q, Zhang S, Wu J, Zhang G, Shi Q (2018) Computational fluid dynamics simulation of friction stir welding: a comparative study on different frictional boundary conditions. J Mater Sci Technol 34:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2017.10.015CrossRef

19.

Wang X, Gao Y, Liu X, McDonnell M, Feng Z (2021) Tool-workpiece stick-slip conditions and their effects on torque and heat generation rate in the friction stir welding. Acta Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116969CrossRef

20.

Chen S, Han Y, Jiang X, Li X, Yuan T, Jiang W, Wang X (2021) Study on in-situ material flow behavior during friction stir welding via a novel material tracing technology. J Mater Process Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117205CrossRef

21.

Ulysse P (2002) Three-dimensional modeling of the friction stir-welding process. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 42:1549–1557. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6955(02)00114-1CrossRef

22.

Colegrove PA, Shercliff HR (2003) Experimental and numerical analysis of aluminum alloy 7075–T7351 friction stir welds. Sci Technol Weld Joining 8:360–368. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217103225005534CrossRef

23.

Nandan R, DebRoy T, Bhadeshia H (2008) Recent advances in friction-stir welding - process, weldment structure and properties. Prog Mater Sci 53:980–1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.05.001CrossRef

24.

Nandan R, Lienert TJ, DebRoy T (2008) Toward reliable calculations of heat and plastic flow during friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Int J Mater Res 99:434–444. https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101655CrossRef

25.

Wu CS, Su H, Shi L (2018) Numerical simulation of heat generation, heat transfer and material flow in friction stir welding. Acta Metall Sin 54:265–277. https://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00294CrossRef

26.

Shi L, Chen J, Wu CS, Fu L (2021) Analysis of heat and mass transfer in ultrasonic vibration-enhanced friction stir welding of 2195 Al–Li alloy. Sci Technol Weld Joining 26:363–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2021.1917748CrossRef

27.

Su H, Wang T, Wu C (2021) Formation of the periodic material flow behavior in friction stir welding. Sci Technol Weld Joining 26:286–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2021.1902605CrossRef

28.

Zhao W, Wu C, Su H (2020) Numerical investigation of heat generation and plastic deformation in ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding. J Manuf Process 56:967–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.047CrossRef

29.

Yang C, Wu C, Shi L (2020) Modeling the dissimilar material flow and mixing in friction stir welding of aluminum to magnesium alloys. J Alloys Compd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156021CrossRef

30.

Su Y, Li W, Liu X, Gao F, Yu Y, Vairis A (2020) Strengthening mechanism of friction stir welded alpha titanium alloy specially designed T-joints. J Manuf Process 55:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.03.032CrossRef

31.

Penalva ML, Otaegi A, Pujana J, Rivero A (2009) Development of a new joint geometry for FSW, 3rd manufacturing-engineering-society international conference (MESIC 2009), Alcoy, Spain, pp 1–11

32.

He W, Liu J, Hu W, Wang G, Chen W (2019) Controlling residual stress and distortion of friction stir welding joint by external stationary shoulder. High Temp Mater Process 38:662–671. https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0005CrossRef

33.

Su Y, Li W, Patel V, Vairis A, Wang F (2019) Formability of an AA5083 aluminum alloy T-joint using SSFSW on both corners. Mater Manuf Process 34:1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1669799CrossRef

34.

Yang H, Zhao H, Xu X, Zhou L, Zhao H, Liu H (2021) Effect of stirring pin rotation speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A14-T4 alloy T-joints produced by stationary shoulder friction stir welding. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081938CrossRef

35.

Silva YC, Oliveira Júnior FJV, Marcondes F, Silva CC (2020) Analysis of viscosity function models used in friction stir welding. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02504-1CrossRef

36.

Cho HH, Hong ST, Roh JH, Choi HS, Kang SH, Steel RJ, Han HN (2013) Three-dimensional numerical and experimental investigation on friction stir welding processes of ferritic stainless steel. Acta Mater 61:2649–2661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.01.045CrossRef

37.

Nandan R, Roy GG, Debroy T (2006) Numerical simulation of three-dimensional heat transfer and plastic flow during friction stir welding. Metall Mater Trans A-Phys Metall Mater Sci 37A:1247–1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-1076-9CrossRef

38.

Sheppard T, Wright DS (1979) Determination of flow-stress.1. constitutive equation for aluminum-alloys at elevated-temperatures. Metals Technol 6:215–223. https://doi.org/10.1179/030716979803276264CrossRef

39.

Bruschi S, Poggio S, Quadrini F, Tata ME (2004) Workability of Ti–6Al–4V alloy at high temperatures and strain rates. Mater Lett 58:3622–3629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.06.058CrossRef

40.

Yu ZZ, Zhang W, Choo H, Feng ZL (2012) Transient heat and material flow modeling of friction stir processing of magnesium alloy using threaded tool. Metall Mater Trans A-Phys Metall Mater Sci 43A:724–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0862-1CrossRef

41.

Shi L, Wu CS, Padhy GK, Gao S (2016) Numerical simulation of ultrasonic field and its acoustoplastic influence on friction stir welding. Mater Des 104:102–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.001CrossRef

42.

Huang Y, Xie Y, Meng X, Lv Z, Cao J (2018) Numerical design of high depth-to-width ratio friction stir welding. J Mater Process Technol 252:233–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.09.029CrossRef

43.

Huang Y, Xie Y, Meng X, Li J, Zhou L (2019) Joint formation mechanism of high depth-to-width ratio friction stir welding. J Mater Sci Technol 35:1261–1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.01.016CrossRef

44.

Jiang W, Jiang XQ, Yuan T, Chen SJ, Liu YY, Liu XS (2022) Material flow and viscous slips during stationary shoulder friction stir welding of Ti6Al4V. Sci Technol Weld Join 27:220–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2036573CrossRef

Title: Numerical simulation of the stationary shoulder friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing
Jiang Wang
Yuan Tao
Chen Shujun
Wang Lei
Liu Yongyong
Publication date: 04-04-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Science / Issue 14/2022
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07116-9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 14/2022

Ligand and temperature effects of porous palladium nanoparticle ensembles with grain boundaries for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Unravelling the role of lithium and nickel doping on the defect structure and phase transition of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

Correction to: High-sensitivity fiber-optic humidity sensor based on microfiber overlaid with niobium disulfide

Fundamentals of Materials Science: The Microstructure-Property Relationship Using Metals as Model Systems, 2nd Edition, by Eric J. Mittemeijer, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

Fe2V4O13 photoanode material: an interesting approach to non-enzymatic glucose oxidation

A targeted review of bio-derived plasticizers with flame retardant functionality used in PVC

Premium Partners