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Published in: Leviathan 1/2010

01-03-2010 | Aufsätze

Offene Grenzen in der EU – Todesmauer in der NAFTA. Entwicklungen, Strukturen und Diskurse

Author: Prof. Dr. Dietrich Thränhardt

Published in: Leviathan | Issue 1/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Die beiden großen Wirtschaftsräume der westlichen Welt, EU und NAFTA, entwickeln sich extrem unterschiedlich. Während in der EU die Grenzen geöffnet werden, die Lebensstandards konvergieren und eine Atmosphäre der Gemeinsamkeit entsteht, wachsen zwischen den USA und Mexiko die Einkommensabstände, die Grenzmauern werden trennender und die Ängste stärker. Wir kontrastieren diese gegensätzlichen Entwicklungen und fragen nach ihrer Bedeutung für die Öffnung der Welt.

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Footnotes
1
Vgl. dazu die unrichtige Behauptung in der Studie des Council on Foreign Relations (2009), der Erfolg des europäischen Modells hänge damit zusammen, dass die Disparitäten in Europa geringer gewesen seien. „Although the European model has been successful in some respects, the disparities between the newer EU members and older ones were not nearly as large as the disparity between the United States and most of the countries that send large numbers of immigrants here“.
 
2
Die Annahme von Venables, Freihandel helfe schwächeren Ländern bei der Öffnung zwischen „high income countries“, nicht aber zwischen „low income countries“ und deshalb seien Freihandelsabkommen zwischen reichen und armen Ländern zu empfehlen, ist offensichtlich obsolet, wenn man die im folgenden angeführten EU- und NAFTA-Daten betrachtet. Er schreibt: „What we have shown in this paper is that the distribution of the benefits of an FTA can be linked directly to the comparative advantage of member countries – comparative advantage relative to each other and to the rest of the world. This leads to the strong result that FTAs between low income countries will tend to cause divergence of their income levels, whereas FTAs between high income levels will lead to convergence. We have argued that agglomeration forces might amplify divergence forces in FTAs between low income countries. The analysis suggests that developing countries are likely to gain more from FTAs with high income countries, where there are better prospects for convergence with the other – high income – members“ (Venables 2005, S.19 f.). Er hat die Entwicklung in der NAFTA überhaupt nicht untersucht und stützt sich auf ältere Daten aus Afrika. Gleichwohl wird er z. B. von Collier (2008, S. 206) als autoritative Referenz zitiert.
 
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Metadata
Title
Offene Grenzen in der EU – Todesmauer in der NAFTA. Entwicklungen, Strukturen und Diskurse
Author
Prof. Dr. Dietrich Thränhardt
Publication date
01-03-2010
Publisher
VS-Verlag
Published in
Leviathan / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 0340-0425
Electronic ISSN: 1861-8588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11578-010-0072-z

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