Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Geothermal Power Stations, Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Offshore Wind Energy Technology Trends, Challenges, and Risks

Author : James F. Manwell

Published in: Power Stations Using Locally Available Energy Sources

Publisher: Springer New York

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Excerpt

Anchor
Device attached to the end of a mooring line or tendon for the purpose of limiting the movement of the mooring line or tendon and to transfer loads from a floating structure to the seabed.
Ballast
Heavy material used to maintain stability of a floating structure.
Blade
The part of a wind turbine rotor which produces mechanical forces through the action of the wind.
Cut-in wind speed
Lowest wind speed at hub height at which the wind turbine starts to produce power.
Cut-out wind speed
Highest wind speed at hub height at which the wind turbine is designed to produce power.
External conditions
Factors affecting the design and operation of an offshore wind turbine, including the environmental conditions, other climatic factors, and the electrical network conditions.
Fixed offshore wind turbine
An offshore wind turbine which is supported by the seabed (in distinction to a floating offshore wind turbine).
Floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT)
An offshore wind turbine with a floating substructure which is subject to hydrodynamic loading, is supported by buoyancy, and is kept in position by a stationkeeping system.
Floating substructure
Part of an FOWT support structure that floats above the seafloor, connects to the tower and stationkeeping system, and consists of a buoyant structure for supporting operational loads.
Foundation
The part of a fixed offshore wind turbine’s support structure which transfers the loads acting on the structure into the seabed.
Gearbox
The part of a wind turbine which converts rotational mechanical power at one speed to comparable power at a higher speed.
Gravity base structure
A type of support structure for a fixed offshore wind turbine in which resistance to overturning is provided by the weight of the structure.
Hull
A water-tight structure that provides buoyancy sufficient to support the rest of the structure.
Jacket
A type of support structure for a fixed offshore wind turbine consisting of four main legs and smaller diameter cross bracing and connected to the seabed via piles.
Monopile
A type of support structure for a fixed offshore wind turbine consisting of a large diameter pipe, a significant fraction of which is embedded in the seabed; resistance to overturning is provided by the soil.
Mooring system
Stationkeeping system nacelle – the housing which contains the drivetrain and other elements on top of a horizontal axis wind turbine tower.
Offshore wind turbine
A wind turbine whose support structure is subject to hydrodynamic loading; the support structure may be fixed or floating.
Rated wind speed
Minimum wind speed at hub height at which a wind turbine’s rated power is achieved.
Rotor
The part of a wind turbine which converts the kinetic energy of the wind into rotational mechanical energy.
Rotor nacelle assembly (RNA)
The part of the offshore wind turbine that includes the rotor and the nacelle.
Sea state
Condition of the sea in which its statistics remain stationary.
Seabed
Soil below the seafloor in which a support structure is founded.
Semisubmersible
A type of floating support structure (q.v.) consisting of multiple hulls connected by a framework; stability is maintained through the spacing of the hulls.
Spar
A type of floating support structure (q.v.) consisting of a vertical, elongated hull; stability is maintained by means of ballast, which serves to locate the center of gravity of the structure below the center of buoyancy of the hull.
Stationkeeping system
Mooring lines, anchors, and associated components used to keep a floating offshore wind turbine in place, also called mooring system.
Substructure
The part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which extends upward from the seabed and connects the foundation to the tower; for floating offshore wind turbines, see floating sub-substructure.
Support structure
The part of an offshore wind turbine which consists of the tower, substructure, and foundation (for a fixed OWT) or floating substructure and stationkeeping system (for a FOWT).
Tension leg platform (TLP)
A type of floating support structure (q.v.) in which stability is maintained by means of vertical tendons which are connected to anchors on the seabed and are under tension.
Tower
The part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which connects the substructure to the rotor nacelle assembly.
Tripod
A type of support structure for a fixed offshore wind turbine consisting of three large diameter angled members and a central tube.
Wind turbine
A device for converting the kinetic energy in the wind into a mechanically useful form, normally electricity.
…

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Environmental Challenges
next chapter Tidal Energy
Literature
1.
IEC (2009) Wind turbines, part 3: design requirements for offshore wind turbines, 61400-3. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva
2.
Vowles HP (1932) Early evolution of power engineering. Isis 17(2):412–420 . Chicago, ILCrossRef
3.
Nansen F (1897) Farthest north. MacMillan, London
4.
Honnef H (1932) Windkraftwerke. Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig
5.
Dörner H (2002) Drei Welten – ein Leben. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hütter. Hochschullehrer – Konstrukteur – Künstler, 2nd edn. Eigenverlag H. Dörner, Heilbronn
6.
Heronemus WE (1972) Pollution-free energy from offshore winds. In: Proceedings of 8th annual conference and exposition, Marine Technology Society, Washington, DC
7.
Casson L (1959) The ancient mariners. Victor Gollancz Ltd, London
8.
Randall RE (1997) Elements of ocean engineering. The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City
9.
Musial W, Ram B (2010) Large-scale offshore wind power in the United States assessment of opportunities and barriers NREL/TP-500-40745. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden
10.
Manwell JF, McGowan JG, Rogers AL (2009) Wind energy explained: theory, design and application, 2nd edn. Wiley, ChichesterCrossRef
11.
Manwell JF, Elkinton CN, Rogers AL, McGowan JG (2007) Review of design conditions applicable to offshore wind energy in the United States. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, Elsevier: Amst 11(2):183–364CrossRef
12.
Wang H, Barthelmie RJ, Pryor SC, Kim H (2014) A new turbulence model for offshore wind turbine standards. Wind Energy 17(10):1587–1604CrossRef
13.
Gumbel EJ (1958) Statistics of extremes. Columbia University Press, New YorkMATH
14.
Ochi MK (1998) Ocean waves – the stochastic approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UKCrossRef
15.
USACE (2002) Coastal engineering manual, CEM M 1110-2-1100. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Washington, DC
16.
Airy GB (1845) On tides and waves. In: Encyclopedia metropolitana, 5. London, pp 241–396
17.
Yuan Z, Huang Z (2010) An experimental study of inertia and drag coefficients for a truncated circular cylinder in regular waves. In: 9th international conference on hydrodynamics, ShanghaiCrossRef
18.
Houlsby GT, Byrne BW (2003) Foundations for offshore wind turbines. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A 361:2909–2930CrossRef
19.
Westgate ZJ, De Jong JT (2005) Geotechnical considerations for offshore wind turbines. University of Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative, Amherst
20.
van Kuik GAM (2007) The Lanchester–Betz–Joukowsky limit. Wind Energy 10:289–291CrossRef
21.
Hasager CB, Nygaard NG, Volker PJH, Karagali I, Andersen S, Badger J (2017) Wind farm wake: the 2016 Horns Rev photo case. Energies 10(3):317CrossRef
22.
Eggleston DM, Stoddard FS (1987) Wind turbine engineering design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
23.
Jonkman J (2005) FAST user’s guide, NREL/EL-500-38230. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden
24.
Downing SD, Socie DF (1982) Simple rainflow counting algorithms. Int J Fatigue 4(1):31–40CrossRef
25.
Jonkman J, Butterfield S, Musial W, Scott G (2009) Definition of a 5-MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development NREL/TP-500-38060. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, GoldenCrossRef
26.
Jonkman J, Musial W (2010) Offshore code comparison collaboration (OC3) for IEA task 23 offshore wind technology and deployment NREL/TP-5000-48191. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, GoldenCrossRef
27.
Jonkman J (2010) Definition of the floating system for phase IV of OC3 NREL/TP-500-47535. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, GoldenCrossRef
28.
Matha D (2010) Model development and loads analysis of an offshore wind turbine on a tension leg platform, with a comparison to other floating turbine concepts NREL/SR-500-45891. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden
29.
Robertson AJ, Jonkman J, Masciola M, Song H, Goupee A, Coulling A, Luan C (2014) Definition of the semisubmersible floating system for phase II of OC4 NREL/TP-5000-60601. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden
30.
Jonkman J (2007) Dynamics modeling and loads analysis of an offshore floating wind turbine NREL/TP-500-41958. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, GoldenCrossRef
31.
Wright SD, Rogers AL, Manwell JF, Ellis A (2002) Transmission options for offshore wind farms in the United States. In: Proceedings of AWEA annual conference, Portland
32.
33.
Neher MH, McGrath H (1957) The calculation of the temperature rise and load capability of cable systems. AIEE Trans, Part III 76:752–772
34.
Elkinton CN (2007) Offshore wind farm layout optimization, PhD dissertation. Amherst
35.
36.
Ram B (2009) An integrated risk framework for gigawatt-scale deployments of renewable energy: the U.S. wind energy case NREL/SR-500-47129. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden
37.
Koeller J, Koeppel J, Peters W (2006) Offshore wind energy research on environmental impact. Springer Verlag, BerlinCrossRef
38.
Ozkan D (2010) Financial analysis and cost optimization of offshore wind energy under uncertainty and in deregulated markets. Washington, DC
39.
Barltrop NDP, Adams AJ (1991) Dynamics of fixed marine structures. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford
Barthelmie RJ, Courtney MS, Højstrup J, Larsen SE (1996) Meteorological aspects of offshore wind energy: observations from the Vindeby wind farm. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 62(2–3):191–211CrossRef
Burton T, Sharpe D, Jenkins N, Bossanyi E (2011) Wind energy handbook. Wiley, ChichesterCrossRef
Cheng PW (2002) A reliability based design methodology for extreme responses of offshore wind turbines. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft
Cruz J, Atcheson M (2016) Floating offshore wind energy: the next generation of wind energy. Springer International Publishing AG, SwitzerlandCrossRef
Dicorato M, Forte G, Pisani M, Trovato M (2011) Guidelines for assessment of investment cost for offshore wind generation. Renew Energy 36:2043–2051CrossRef
Elkinton CN, Manwell JF, McGowan JG (2008) Optimizing the layout of offshore wind energy systems. J Mar Technol Soc 42(2):19–27CrossRef
Gardner P, Craig LM, Smith GJ (1998) Electrical systems for offshore wind farms. In: Proceedings of 1998 British Wind Energy Associates Conference, Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, UK
GL (2005) Guidelines for the certification of offshore wind turbines. Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg
Hsu SA (2003) Estimating overwater friction velocity and exponent of power-law wind profile from gust factor during storms. J Water Port Coast Ocean Eng 129(4):–174, 177. ASCECrossRef
Kühn M (2001) Dynamics and design optimisation of offshore wind energy conversion systems. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft
Lange B, Højstrup J (1999) The influence of waves on the offshore wind resource. In: Proceedings of 1991 European wind energy conference, Nice
Musial W (2007) Offshore wind electricity: a viable energy option for the coastal United States. Mar Technol Soc J 41(3):32–43. Columbia, MDCrossRef
Twidell J, Gaudiosi G (2009) Offshore wind power. Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd, Brentwood
Van der Tempel J (2006) Design of support structures for offshore wind turbines. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft
Veldkamp D (2006) Chances in wind energy: a probabilistic approach to wind turbine fatigue design. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft
Westinghouse Electric Corp (1979) Design study and economic assessment of multi-unit offshore wind energy conversion systems application, DOE WASH-2830-78/4
Metadata
Title
Offshore Wind Energy Technology Trends, Challenges, and Risks
Author
James F. Manwell
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer New York
Book
Power Stations Using Locally Available Energy Sources

Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7509-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-7510-5

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7510-5_697