4. Operational Activity and Connections

This chapter sheds light on the operational activities of “terrorist asylum-seekers” in Europe, as well as the nature of connections to foreign terrorist organizations (FTOs) and involvement in crime. Although connections are found to more than a dozen FTOs, the majority are linked to ISIS. Moreover, with one exception, ISIS is the only organization known to have invested in “external operations” against Europe using terrorist asylum-seekers. However, an analysis of relevant plots and attacks suggests that high levels of organizational support have been the exception rather than the rule. Besides plotting and conducting attacks, Mullins reveals that terrorist asylum-seekers have engaged in a range of “non-violent” support activities, including promotion of jihadist ideology, recruitment, facilitation of travel and fundraising. The chapter concludes with a discussion of connections to crime, which have served as an important enabler for terrorists, while also providing vital opportunities for law enforcement.