Top

Published in:

2009 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Optical Transmitter Design

Author : Mohammad Azadeh

Published in: Fiber Optics Engineering

Publisher: Springer US

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

In this chapter we discuss design issues related to optical transmitters. An optical transmitter acts as the interface between the electrical and optical domains by converting electrical signals to optical signals. For digital transmitters, the optical output must conform to specifications such as optical power, extinction ratio, rise and fall time, and jitter. In analog transmitters, the optical output must faithfully regenerate the input in terms of linearity, bandwidth, phase delay, etc. It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that the transmitter meets all the relevant requirements for the intended application of the design.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Light Coupling and Passive Optical Devices

next chapter Optical Receiver Design

Part of the reason for difficulty of ER control is that ER itself is a quantity hard to measure (and even define) beyond a limited accuracy. See Chapter 11 for further discussion of ER measurements.

[1]

H. Stange, “Optical subassemblies,” in Handbook of Fiber Optic Data Communication , Edited by C. DeCusatis, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, New York, 2002

[2]

D. Kim, J. Shim, Y. C. Keh, and M. Park, “Design and fabrication of a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) in 10-Gb/s small-form-factor pluggable (XFP) transceiver,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 12, pp. 776–782, 2006CrossRef

[3]

M. S. Cohen et al., “Low-cost fabrication of optical subassemblies,” IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology, Part B: Advanced Packaging, Vol. 20, pp. 256–263, 1997CrossRef

[4]

T. Shih et al., “High-performance and low-cost 10-Gb/s bidirectional optical subassembly modules,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 25, pp. 3488–3494, 2007CrossRef

[5]

L. Coldren and S. W Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits , John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995

[6]

Y. Yoshida et al., “Analysis of characteristic temperature for InGaAsP BH laser with p-n-p-n blocking layers using two-dimensional device simulator ,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 34, pp. 1257–1262, 1998CrossRef

[7]

T. Higashi, T. Yamamoto, S. Ogita, and M. Kobayashi, “Experimental analysis of characteristic temperature in quantum-well semiconductor lasers,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 3, pp. 513–521, 1997CrossRef

[8]

D. M. Gvozdic and A. Schlachetzki, “Influence of temperature and optical confinement on threshold current of an InGaAs/InP quantum wire laser,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 9, pp. 732–735, 2003CrossRef

[9]

R. Sobiestianskas et al., “Experimental study on the intrinsic response, optical and electrical parameters of 1.55-μm DFB BH laser diodes during aging tests,” IEEE Transactions on Device and materials, Vol. 5, pp. 659–664, 2005CrossRef

[10]

J. W. Tomm et al., “Monitoring of aging properties of AlGaAs high-power laser arrays,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 81, pp. 2059–2063, 1997CrossRef

[11]

L. Day-Uei et al., “A 3.8-Gb/s CMOS laser driver with automatic power control using thermistors,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 2546–2549, 2007

[12]

Application note, “Selecting and using thermistors for temperature control,” ILX Lightwave. Available from www.ilx.com

[13]

W. R. Smith, “Mathematical modeling of thermal runaway in semiconductor laser operation,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 87, pp. 8276–8285, 2000CrossRef

[14]

R. Schatza and C. G. Bethea, “Steady state model for facet heating leading to thermal runaway in semiconductor lasers,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 76, pp. 2509–2521, 1994CrossRef

[15]

P. G. Eliseev, “Optical strength of semiconductor laser materials,” Progress in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 20, pp. 1–82, 1996CrossRef

[16]

S. Galal and B. Razavi, “10-Gb/s limiting amplifier and laser/modulator driver in 0.18-μm CMOS technology,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 38, pp. 2138–2146, 2003CrossRef

[17]

R. Schmid et al., “SiGe driver circuit with high output with high output amplitude operating up to 23-Gb/s,” Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 34, pp. 886–891, 1999CrossRef

[18]

J. W. Fattaruso and B. Sheahan, “A 3-V 4.25-Gb/s laser driver with 0.4-V output voltage compliance,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 41, pp. 1930–1937, 2006CrossRef

[19]

H. M. Rein et al., “A versatile Si-bipolar driver circuit with high output voltage swing for external and direct laser modulation in 10-Gb/s optical fiber links,” Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 29, pp. 1014–1021, 1994CrossRef

[20]

HFDN-18, application note, “The MAX3865 laser driver with automatic modulation control,” Maxim, 2008. Avilable from www.maxim-ic.com

[21]

L. Chen et al., “All-optical mm-wave generation by using direct-modulation DFB laser and external modulator,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 49, pp. 1265–1267, 2007CrossRef

[22]

J. X. Ma et al., “Optical mm-wave generation by using external modulator based on optical carrier suppression,” Optics Communications, Vol. 268, pp. 51–57, 2006CrossRef

[23]

S. Hisatake et al., “Generation of flat power-envelope terahertz-wide modulation sidebands from a continuous-wave laser based on an external electro-optic phase modulator,” Optics Letters, Vol. 30, pp. 777–779, 2005CrossRef

[24]

H. Yang et al., “Measurement for waveform and chirping of optical pulses generated by directly modulated DFB laser and external EA modulator,” Optics and Laser Technology, Vol. 37, pp. 55–60, 2005

[25]

S. H. Park et al., “Burst-mode optical transmitter with DC-coupled burst-enable signal for 2.5-Gb/s GPON system,” Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 39, pp. 112–116, 2008CrossRef

[26]

Y. H. Oh et al., “A CMOS burst-mode optical transmitter for 1.25 Gb/s Ethernet PON applications,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II-Express Briefs, Vol. 52, pp. 780–783, 2005CrossRef

[27]

D. Verhulst et al., “A fast and intelligent automatic power control for a GPON burst-mode optical transmitter,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 17, pp. 2439–2441, 2005CrossRef

[28]

J. Bauwelinck et al., “DC-coupled burst-mode transmitter for 1.25 Gbit/s upstream PON,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 40, pp. 501–502, 2004CrossRef

[29]

B. Young, Digital Signal Integrity , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2001

[30]

H. W. Ott, Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems , 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York, 1988

[31]

M. I. Montrose, EMC and the Printed Circuit Board Design: Theory and Layout Made Simple , IEEE Press, Piseataway, NJ, 1998CrossRef

Title: Optical Transmitter Design
Author: Mohammad Azadeh
Publisher: Springer US
Book: Fiber Optics Engineering
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0303-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4419-0304-4

Copyright Year: 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0304-4_8