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Journal of Materials Science
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 16/2017

05-05-2017 | Ceramics

Optimization of the metakaolin geopolymer preparation for maximized ammonium adsorption capacity

Authors: Tero Luukkonen, Emma-Tuulia Tolonen, Hanna Runtti, Kimmo Kemppainen, Paavo Perämäki, Jaakko Rämö, Ulla Lassi

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 16/2017

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Abstract

Geopolymers are functional materials that can be used in various environmental applications such as adsorbents in pollutant removal from wastewaters. Metakaolin geopolymer (MK-GP) has been proven to be especially suitable for ammonium (NH4 +) removal. In this research, the optimal reagent and raw material ratios in the preparation of MK-GP in terms of NH4 + adsorption capacity were investigated. The response surface methodology based on the face-centered central composite design was used to optimize the levels of three factors: the amounts of hydroxide, silicate, and metakaolin. In addition, the effect of Na or K as the charge-balancing cation was studied. Empirical models were fitted to the experimental data using multiple linear regression. The significance of the models was confirmed by means of analysis of variance. Optimal NH4 + removal efficiency was achieved when the amounts of hydroxide and silicate were maximized, the amount of metakaolin was minimized, and Na-based reagents were used. These trends are most likely a result of optimized conversion of metakaolin into MK-GP.
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Metadata
Title
Optimization of the metakaolin geopolymer preparation for maximized ammonium adsorption capacity
Authors
Tero Luukkonen
Emma-Tuulia Tolonen
Hanna Runtti
Kimmo Kemppainen
Paavo Perämäki
Jaakko Rämö
Ulla Lassi
Publication date
05-05-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 16/2017
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1156-9

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