Organisational Learning in Japanese MNCs: Four Affiliate Archetypes

For much of the history of international business, academics have focused on the foreign direct investment decision. While the decision to expand overseas is an important one, it is only the first step in a long journey for multinational company (MNC) managers. Setting up the necessary systems for managing the overseas affiliate and ensuring that it contributes to organisational goals are much longer-term, more complicated issues that have only recently received the scholarly attention they deserve.