Skip to main content
Top

2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters

Authors : Khan M. G. Mostofa, Cong-qiang Liu, Hiroshi Sakugawa, Davide Vione, Daisuke Minakata, M. Saquib, M. Abdul Mottaleb

Published in: Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Hydroxyl radical (HO) is a short-lived free radical, and it is the most potent oxidizing transient among the reactive oxygen species. It is an effective, nonselective and strong oxidant that is ubiquitously formed in natural sunlit surface waters (rivers, lakes and seawater and so on), rain, dew, cloud, fog, snow, aerosol, and in all living organisms.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Abele-Oeschger D, Oeschger R, Theede H (1994) Biochemical adaptations of Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta) to temporarily increased hydrogen peroxide levels in intertidal sandflats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 106:101–110CrossRef Abele-Oeschger D, Oeschger R, Theede H (1994) Biochemical adaptations of Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta) to temporarily increased hydrogen peroxide levels in intertidal sandflats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 106:101–110CrossRef
go back to reference al Housari F, Vione D, Chiron S, Barbati S (2010) Reactive photoinduced species in estuarine waters Characterization of hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen and dissolved organic matter triplet state in natural oxidation processes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9:78–86CrossRef al Housari F, Vione D, Chiron S, Barbati S (2010) Reactive photoinduced species in estuarine waters Characterization of hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen and dissolved organic matter triplet state in natural oxidation processes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9:78–86CrossRef
go back to reference Aldrich AP, van Berg den CMG, Thies H, Nickus U (2001) The redox speciation of iron in two lakes. Mar Freshw Res 52:885–890CrossRef Aldrich AP, van Berg den CMG, Thies H, Nickus U (2001) The redox speciation of iron in two lakes. Mar Freshw Res 52:885–890CrossRef
go back to reference Alegria AE, Ferrer A, Sepulveda E (1997) Photochemistry of water-soluble quinones production of a water-derived spin adduct. Photochem Photobiol 66:436–442CrossRef Alegria AE, Ferrer A, Sepulveda E (1997) Photochemistry of water-soluble quinones production of a water-derived spin adduct. Photochem Photobiol 66:436–442CrossRef
go back to reference Allen JM, Lucas S, Allen SK (1996) Formation of hydroxyl radical in illuminated surface waters contaminated with acid mine drainage. Environ Sci Technol 15:107–113 Allen JM, Lucas S, Allen SK (1996) Formation of hydroxyl radical in illuminated surface waters contaminated with acid mine drainage. Environ Sci Technol 15:107–113
go back to reference Anastasio C, Jordan AL (2004) Photoformation of hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide in aerosol particles from Alert, Nunavut: implications for aerosol and snowpack chemistry in the Arctic. Atmos Environ 38:1153–1166CrossRef Anastasio C, Jordan AL (2004) Photoformation of hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide in aerosol particles from Alert, Nunavut: implications for aerosol and snowpack chemistry in the Arctic. Atmos Environ 38:1153–1166CrossRef
go back to reference Anastasio C, Galbavy ES, Hutterli MA, Burkhart JF, Friel DK (2007) Photoformation of hydroxyl radical on snow grains at Summit Greenland. Atmos Environ 41:5110–5121CrossRef Anastasio C, Galbavy ES, Hutterli MA, Burkhart JF, Friel DK (2007) Photoformation of hydroxyl radical on snow grains at Summit Greenland. Atmos Environ 41:5110–5121CrossRef
go back to reference Arakaki T, Faust BC (1998) Sources, sinks, and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical (OH) photoproduction and consumption in authentic acidic continental cloud waters from Whiteface Mountain, New York: the role of the Fe(r) (r = II, III) photochemical cycle. J Geophys Res 103(D3):3487–3504 Arakaki T, Faust BC (1998) Sources, sinks, and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical (OH) photoproduction and consumption in authentic acidic continental cloud waters from Whiteface Mountain, New York: the role of the Fe(r) (r = II, III) photochemical cycle. J Geophys Res 103(D3):3487–3504
go back to reference Arakaki T, Miyake T, Shibata M, Sakugawa H (1998) Measurement of photolytically formed hydroxyl radical in rain and dew waters. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 9:619–625CrossRef Arakaki T, Miyake T, Shibata M, Sakugawa H (1998) Measurement of photolytically formed hydroxyl radical in rain and dew waters. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 9:619–625CrossRef
go back to reference Arakaki T, Miyake T, Hirakawa T, Sakugawa H (1999a) pH dependent photoformation of hydroxyl radical and absorbance of aqueous-phase N(III) (HNO2 and NO2-). Environ Sci Technol 33:2561–2565CrossRef Arakaki T, Miyake T, Hirakawa T, Sakugawa H (1999a) pH dependent photoformation of hydroxyl radical and absorbance of aqueous-phase N(III) (HNO2 and NO2-). Environ Sci Technol 33:2561–2565CrossRef
go back to reference Arakaki T, Miyake T, Shibata M, Sakugawa H (1999b) Photochemical formation and scavenging of hydroxyl radical in rain and dew waters. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 5:335–340 (in Japanese) Arakaki T, Miyake T, Shibata M, Sakugawa H (1999b) Photochemical formation and scavenging of hydroxyl radical in rain and dew waters. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 5:335–340 (in Japanese)
go back to reference Arslan I, Barcioglu A, Tuhkanen T (1999) Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by UV and near-UV light assisted Fenton’s reagent. Chemosphere 39:2767–2783CrossRef Arslan I, Barcioglu A, Tuhkanen T (1999) Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by UV and near-UV light assisted Fenton’s reagent. Chemosphere 39:2767–2783CrossRef
go back to reference Arslan I, Balcioglu IA, Bahnemann DW (2000) Advanced chemical oxidation of reactive dyes in simulated dyehouse effluents by ferrioxalate-Fenton/UV-A and TiO2/UV-A processes. Dyes Pigm 47:207–218CrossRef Arslan I, Balcioglu IA, Bahnemann DW (2000) Advanced chemical oxidation of reactive dyes in simulated dyehouse effluents by ferrioxalate-Fenton/UV-A and TiO2/UV-A processes. Dyes Pigm 47:207–218CrossRef
go back to reference Assel M, Laenen R, Laubereau A (1998) Ultrafast electron trapping in an aqueous NaCl-solution. Chem Phys Lett 289:267–274CrossRef Assel M, Laenen R, Laubereau A (1998) Ultrafast electron trapping in an aqueous NaCl-solution. Chem Phys Lett 289:267–274CrossRef
go back to reference Balmer ME, Sulzberger B (1999) Atrazine degradation in irradiated iron/oxalate system: effects of pH and oxalate. Environ Sci Technol 33:2418–2424CrossRef Balmer ME, Sulzberger B (1999) Atrazine degradation in irradiated iron/oxalate system: effects of pH and oxalate. Environ Sci Technol 33:2418–2424CrossRef
go back to reference Barb WG, Boxendale JH, George P, Hargrove KR (1951) Reactions of ferrous and ferric ions with hydrogen peroxide, part II The ferric ion reaction. Trans Faraday Soc 47:591–616CrossRef Barb WG, Boxendale JH, George P, Hargrove KR (1951) Reactions of ferrous and ferric ions with hydrogen peroxide, part II The ferric ion reaction. Trans Faraday Soc 47:591–616CrossRef
go back to reference Barbeni M, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (1987) Chemical degradation of chlorophenols with Fenton’s reagent. Chemosphere 16:2225–2237CrossRef Barbeni M, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (1987) Chemical degradation of chlorophenols with Fenton’s reagent. Chemosphere 16:2225–2237CrossRef
go back to reference Bard AJ (1979) Photoelectro chemistry and heterogeneous photocatalysis at semiconductors. J Photochem 10:59–75CrossRef Bard AJ (1979) Photoelectro chemistry and heterogeneous photocatalysis at semiconductors. J Photochem 10:59–75CrossRef
go back to reference Baxendale JH, Wilson JA (1956) The photolysis of hydrogen peroxide at high light intensities. Trans Faraday Soc 53:344–356CrossRef Baxendale JH, Wilson JA (1956) The photolysis of hydrogen peroxide at high light intensities. Trans Faraday Soc 53:344–356CrossRef
go back to reference Benson SW (1960) The foundation of chemical kinetics Ch 15. McGraw-Hill, New York Benson SW (1960) The foundation of chemical kinetics Ch 15. McGraw-Hill, New York
go back to reference Berger P, Leitner N Karpel Vel, Doré M, Legube B (1999) Ozone and hydroxyl radicals induced oxidation of glycine. Water Res 33:433–441CrossRef Berger P, Leitner N Karpel Vel, Doré M, Legube B (1999) Ozone and hydroxyl radicals induced oxidation of glycine. Water Res 33:433–441CrossRef
go back to reference Berlett BS, Stadtman ER (1997) Protein oxidation in aging, disease, and oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 272:20313–20316CrossRef Berlett BS, Stadtman ER (1997) Protein oxidation in aging, disease, and oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 272:20313–20316CrossRef
go back to reference Bertilsson S, Tranvik LJ (1998) Photolytically produced carboxylic acids as substrates for freshwater bacterioplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 43:885–895CrossRef Bertilsson S, Tranvik LJ (1998) Photolytically produced carboxylic acids as substrates for freshwater bacterioplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 43:885–895CrossRef
go back to reference Bielski BHJ, Cabelli DE, Arudi RL, Ross AB (1985) Reactivity of HO2∙/O2∙− radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 14:1041–1100CrossRef Bielski BHJ, Cabelli DE, Arudi RL, Ross AB (1985) Reactivity of HO2/O2∙− radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 14:1041–1100CrossRef
go back to reference Bissett DL, Chatterjee R, Hannon DP (1991) Chronic ultraviolet radiation-induced increase in skin iron and the photoprotective effects of topically applied iron chelators. Photochem Photobiol 54:215–223CrossRef Bissett DL, Chatterjee R, Hannon DP (1991) Chronic ultraviolet radiation-induced increase in skin iron and the photoprotective effects of topically applied iron chelators. Photochem Photobiol 54:215–223CrossRef
go back to reference Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Ann Bot 91:179–194CrossRef Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Ann Bot 91:179–194CrossRef
go back to reference Blough NV (1988) Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of photochemical radical production in humic substances: 1 Effects of O2 and charge on radical scavenging by nitroxides. Environ Sci Technol 22:77–82CrossRef Blough NV (1988) Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of photochemical radical production in humic substances: 1 Effects of O2 and charge on radical scavenging by nitroxides. Environ Sci Technol 22:77–82CrossRef
go back to reference Blough NV, Zepp RG (1995) Reactive oxygen species in natural waters. In: Foote CS, Valentine JS (eds) Active oxygen in chemistry. Blackie Academic and Professional, New York, pp 280–333 Blough NV, Zepp RG (1995) Reactive oxygen species in natural waters. In: Foote CS, Valentine JS (eds) Active oxygen in chemistry. Blackie Academic and Professional, New York, pp 280–333
go back to reference Bossmann SH, Oliveros E, Gob S, Siegwart S, Dahlen EP, Payawan L, Straub M, Worner M, Braun AM (1998) New evidence against hydroxyl radicals as reactive intermediates in the thermal and photolytically enhanced Fenton reactions. J Phys Chem A 102:5542–5550CrossRef Bossmann SH, Oliveros E, Gob S, Siegwart S, Dahlen EP, Payawan L, Straub M, Worner M, Braun AM (1998) New evidence against hydroxyl radicals as reactive intermediates in the thermal and photolytically enhanced Fenton reactions. J Phys Chem A 102:5542–5550CrossRef
go back to reference Bourdat A-G, Douki T, Frelon S, Gasparutto D, Cadet J (2000) Tandem base lesions are generated by hydroxyl radical within isolated DNA in aerated aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 122:4549–4556CrossRef Bourdat A-G, Douki T, Frelon S, Gasparutto D, Cadet J (2000) Tandem base lesions are generated by hydroxyl radical within isolated DNA in aerated aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 122:4549–4556CrossRef
go back to reference Brezonik PL, Fulkerson-Brekken J (1998) Nitrate-induced photolysis in natural waters: controls on concentrations of hydroxyl radical photo-intermediates by natural scavenging agents. Environ Sci Technol 32:3004–3010CrossRef Brezonik PL, Fulkerson-Brekken J (1998) Nitrate-induced photolysis in natural waters: controls on concentrations of hydroxyl radical photo-intermediates by natural scavenging agents. Environ Sci Technol 32:3004–3010CrossRef
go back to reference Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Vione D, Mailhot G (2010a) Photochemistry of 1-nitronaphthalene: a potential source of singlet oxygen and radical species in atmospheric waters. J Phys Chem A 114:2830–2836CrossRef Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Vione D, Mailhot G (2010a) Photochemistry of 1-nitronaphthalene: a potential source of singlet oxygen and radical species in atmospheric waters. J Phys Chem A 114:2830–2836CrossRef
go back to reference Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Vione D, Mailhot G (2010b) Photochemistry of 1-nitronaphthalene: a potential source of singlet oxygen and radical species in atmospheric waters. J Phys Chem A 114:2830–2836CrossRef Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Vione D, Mailhot G (2010b) Photochemistry of 1-nitronaphthalene: a potential source of singlet oxygen and radical species in atmospheric waters. J Phys Chem A 114:2830–2836CrossRef
go back to reference Buettner GR (1987) Activation of oxygen by metal complexes and its relevance to autoxidative processes in living systems. Bioelectochem Bioenerg 18:29–36CrossRef Buettner GR (1987) Activation of oxygen by metal complexes and its relevance to autoxidative processes in living systems. Bioelectochem Bioenerg 18:29–36CrossRef
go back to reference Buettner GR (1988) In the absence of catalytic metals ascorbate does not autoxidize at pH 7: ascorbate as a test for catalytic metals. J Biochem Biophys Methods 16:27–40CrossRef Buettner GR (1988) In the absence of catalytic metals ascorbate does not autoxidize at pH 7: ascorbate as a test for catalytic metals. J Biochem Biophys Methods 16:27–40CrossRef
go back to reference Buettner GR (1993) The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: Lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol, and ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys 300:535–543CrossRef Buettner GR (1993) The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: Lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol, and ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys 300:535–543CrossRef
go back to reference Buettner GR, Jurkiewicz BA (1996) Catalytic metals, ascorbate and free radicals: combinations to avoid. Radiat Res 145:532–541CrossRef Buettner GR, Jurkiewicz BA (1996) Catalytic metals, ascorbate and free radicals: combinations to avoid. Radiat Res 145:532–541CrossRef
go back to reference Buettner GR, Oberley LW, Leuthauser SWHC (1978) The effect of iron on the distribution of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as seen by spin trapping and on the superoxide dismutase assay. Photochem Photobiol 28:693–695CrossRef Buettner GR, Oberley LW, Leuthauser SWHC (1978) The effect of iron on the distribution of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as seen by spin trapping and on the superoxide dismutase assay. Photochem Photobiol 28:693–695CrossRef
go back to reference Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP, Ross AB (1988) Critical review of rate constants for reaction of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals ( OH/O−) in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 17:513–886CrossRef Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP, Ross AB (1988) Critical review of rate constants for reaction of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals ( OH/O) in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 17:513–886CrossRef
go back to reference Cadet J, Delatour T, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Pouget J-P, Ravanat J-L, Sauvaigo S (1999) Hydroxyl radicals and DNA base damage. Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 424:9–21CrossRef Cadet J, Delatour T, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Pouget J-P, Ravanat J-L, Sauvaigo S (1999) Hydroxyl radicals and DNA base damage. Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 424:9–21CrossRef
go back to reference Canonica S, Kohn T, Mac M, Real FJ, Wirz J, von Gunten U (2005) Photosensitizer method to determine rate constants for the reaction of carbonate radical with organic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 39:9182–9188 Canonica S, Kohn T, Mac M, Real FJ, Wirz J, von Gunten U (2005) Photosensitizer method to determine rate constants for the reaction of carbonate radical with organic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 39:9182–9188
go back to reference Chen R, Pignatello JJ (1997) Role of quinone intermediates as electron shuttles in Fenton and photoassisted Fenton oxidations of aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 31:2399–2406CrossRef Chen R, Pignatello JJ (1997) Role of quinone intermediates as electron shuttles in Fenton and photoassisted Fenton oxidations of aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 31:2399–2406CrossRef
go back to reference Chen C, Li X, Ma W, Zhao J, Hidaka H, Serpone N (2001) Effect of transition metal ions on the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of dyes under visible irradiation: a probe for the interfacial electron transfer process and reaction mechanism. J Phys Chem B 106:318–324CrossRef Chen C, Li X, Ma W, Zhao J, Hidaka H, Serpone N (2001) Effect of transition metal ions on the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of dyes under visible irradiation: a probe for the interfacial electron transfer process and reaction mechanism. J Phys Chem B 106:318–324CrossRef
go back to reference Chu L, Anastasio C (2003) Quantum yields of hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide from the photolysis of nitrate on ice. J Phys Chem A 107:9594–9602CrossRef Chu L, Anastasio C (2003) Quantum yields of hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide from the photolysis of nitrate on ice. J Phys Chem A 107:9594–9602CrossRef
go back to reference Chu L, Anastasio C (2005) Formation of hydroxyl radical from the photolysis of frozen hydrogen peroxide. J Phys Chem A 109:6264–6271CrossRef Chu L, Anastasio C (2005) Formation of hydroxyl radical from the photolysis of frozen hydrogen peroxide. J Phys Chem A 109:6264–6271CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen G, Heikkila E (1974) The Generation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical by 6-hydroxydopamine, dialuric acid, and related cytotoxic agents. J Biol Chem 249:2447–2452 Cohen G, Heikkila E (1974) The Generation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical by 6-hydroxydopamine, dialuric acid, and related cytotoxic agents. J Biol Chem 249:2447–2452
go back to reference Collen J, del Rio MJ, Garcia-Reina G, Pedersen M (1995) Photosynthetic production of hydrogen peroxide by Ulva rigida C Ag (Chlorophyta). Planta 196:225–230CrossRef Collen J, del Rio MJ, Garcia-Reina G, Pedersen M (1995) Photosynthetic production of hydrogen peroxide by Ulva rigida C Ag (Chlorophyta). Planta 196:225–230CrossRef
go back to reference Cooper WJ, Zika RG, Petasne RG, Fischer AM (1988) Sunlight-induced photochemistry of humic substances in natural waters: major reactive species In: Suffett IH, MacCarthy P (eds) Aquatic humic substances. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 333–362 Cooper WJ, Zika RG, Petasne RG, Fischer AM (1988) Sunlight-induced photochemistry of humic substances in natural waters: major reactive species In: Suffett IH, MacCarthy P (eds) Aquatic humic substances. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 333–362
go back to reference Cooper WJ, Nickelson MG, Waite TD, Kurucz CN (1991) High energy electron beam irradiation: an advanced oxidation process for the treatment of aqueous based organic hazardous wastes. J Environ Sci Health A27:219 Cooper WJ, Nickelson MG, Waite TD, Kurucz CN (1991) High energy electron beam irradiation: an advanced oxidation process for the treatment of aqueous based organic hazardous wastes. J Environ Sci Health A27:219
go back to reference Cooper WJ, Sawal KL, Hoogland YS, Slifker R, Nickelsen MG, Kurucz CN, Waite TD (1996) Disinfection by-product precursor removal from natural waters using gamma radiation to stimulate an innovative water treatment process. In: Minear RA, Amy GL (eds) Disinfection bi-products in water treatment. CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, pp 151–162 Cooper WJ, Sawal KL, Hoogland YS, Slifker R, Nickelsen MG, Kurucz CN, Waite TD (1996) Disinfection by-product precursor removal from natural waters using gamma radiation to stimulate an innovative water treatment process. In: Minear RA, Amy GL (eds) Disinfection bi-products in water treatment. CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, pp 151–162
go back to reference Croot PL, Laan P, Nishioka J, Strass V, Cisewski B, Boye M, Timmermans KR, Bellerby RG, Goldson L, Nightingale P, de Baar HJW (2005) Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment. Mar Chem 95:65–88CrossRef Croot PL, Laan P, Nishioka J, Strass V, Cisewski B, Boye M, Timmermans KR, Bellerby RG, Goldson L, Nightingale P, de Baar HJW (2005) Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment. Mar Chem 95:65–88CrossRef
go back to reference Das R, Dutta BK, Maurino V, Vione D, Minero C (2009) Suppression of inhibition of substrate photodegradation by scavengers of hydroxyl radicals: the solvent-cage effect of bromide on nitrate photolysis. Environ Chem Lett 7:337–342CrossRef Das R, Dutta BK, Maurino V, Vione D, Minero C (2009) Suppression of inhibition of substrate photodegradation by scavengers of hydroxyl radicals: the solvent-cage effect of bromide on nitrate photolysis. Environ Chem Lett 7:337–342CrossRef
go back to reference de Laat J, Gallard H (1999) Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by Fe(III) in homogeneous aqueous solution: mechanism and kinetic modeling. Environ Sci Technol 33:2726–2732CrossRef de Laat J, Gallard H (1999) Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by Fe(III) in homogeneous aqueous solution: mechanism and kinetic modeling. Environ Sci Technol 33:2726–2732CrossRef
go back to reference del Vecchio R, Blough NV (2002) Photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters: kinetics and modeling. Mar Chem 78:231–253CrossRef del Vecchio R, Blough NV (2002) Photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters: kinetics and modeling. Mar Chem 78:231–253CrossRef
go back to reference Dister B, Zafiriou OC (1993) Photochemical free-radical production-rates in the eastern Caribbean. J Geophys Res Oceans 98(C2):2341–2352 Dister B, Zafiriou OC (1993) Photochemical free-radical production-rates in the eastern Caribbean. J Geophys Res Oceans 98(C2):2341–2352
go back to reference Draper WM, Crosby DG (1981) Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical intermediates in indirect photolysis reactions in water. J Agric Food Chem 32:231–237CrossRef Draper WM, Crosby DG (1981) Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical intermediates in indirect photolysis reactions in water. J Agric Food Chem 32:231–237CrossRef
go back to reference Draper WM, Crosby DG (1984) Solar photooxidation of pesticides in dilute H2O2. J Agric Food Chem 32:231–237CrossRef Draper WM, Crosby DG (1984) Solar photooxidation of pesticides in dilute H2O2. J Agric Food Chem 32:231–237CrossRef
go back to reference Duesterberg CK, Waite TD (2006) Process optimization of Fenton oxidation using kinetic modeling. Environ Sci Technol 40:4189–4195CrossRef Duesterberg CK, Waite TD (2006) Process optimization of Fenton oxidation using kinetic modeling. Environ Sci Technol 40:4189–4195CrossRef
go back to reference Duesterberg CK, Cooper WJ, Waite TD (2005) Fenton-mediated oxidation in the presence and absence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 39:5052–5058CrossRef Duesterberg CK, Cooper WJ, Waite TD (2005) Fenton-mediated oxidation in the presence and absence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 39:5052–5058CrossRef
go back to reference Duesterberg CK, Mylon SE, Waite TD (2008) pH effects on iron-catalyzed oxidation using Fenton’s reagent. Envion Sci Technol 42:8522–8527CrossRef Duesterberg CK, Mylon SE, Waite TD (2008) pH effects on iron-catalyzed oxidation using Fenton’s reagent. Envion Sci Technol 42:8522–8527CrossRef
go back to reference Dykens JA, Shick JM, Benoit C, Buettner GR, Winston GW (1992) Oxygen radical production in the sea anemone Anthopleura Elegantissima and its endosymbiotic algae. J Exp Biol 168:219–241 Dykens JA, Shick JM, Benoit C, Buettner GR, Winston GW (1992) Oxygen radical production in the sea anemone Anthopleura Elegantissima and its endosymbiotic algae. J Exp Biol 168:219–241
go back to reference Emilio CA, Jardim WF, Littera MI, Mansilla HD (2002) EDTA destruction using the solar ferrioxalate AOT comparison with solar photo-Fenton. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 151:121–127CrossRef Emilio CA, Jardim WF, Littera MI, Mansilla HD (2002) EDTA destruction using the solar ferrioxalate AOT comparison with solar photo-Fenton. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 151:121–127CrossRef
go back to reference Emmenegger L, Schwarzenbach R, Sigg L, Sulzberger B (2001) Light-induced redox cycling of iron in circumneutral lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 46:49–61CrossRef Emmenegger L, Schwarzenbach R, Sigg L, Sulzberger B (2001) Light-induced redox cycling of iron in circumneutral lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 46:49–61CrossRef
go back to reference Ervens B, Gligorovski B, Herrmann H (2003) Temperature-dependent rate constants for hydroxyl radical reactions with organic compounds in aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 5:1811–1824CrossRef Ervens B, Gligorovski B, Herrmann H (2003) Temperature-dependent rate constants for hydroxyl radical reactions with organic compounds in aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 5:1811–1824CrossRef
go back to reference Fang X, Mark G, von Sonntag C (1996) OH radical formation by ultrasound in aqueous solutions part I: the chemistry underlying the terephthalate dosimeter. Ultrason Sonochem 3:57–63CrossRef Fang X, Mark G, von Sonntag C (1996) OH radical formation by ultrasound in aqueous solutions part I: the chemistry underlying the terephthalate dosimeter. Ultrason Sonochem 3:57–63CrossRef
go back to reference Farias J, Rossetti GH, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2007) Solar degradation of formic acid: temperature effects on the photo-Fenton reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:7580–7586CrossRef Farias J, Rossetti GH, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2007) Solar degradation of formic acid: temperature effects on the photo-Fenton reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:7580–7586CrossRef
go back to reference Farias J, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2010) New pilot-plant photo-Fenton solar reactor for water decontamination. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:1265–1273CrossRef Farias J, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2010) New pilot-plant photo-Fenton solar reactor for water decontamination. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:1265–1273CrossRef
go back to reference Faust BC (1994) A review of the photochemical redox reactions of iron species in atmosphere, oceanic, and surface waters: influences of geochemical cycles and oxidant formation. Helz GR, Zepp RG, Crosby DG (eds) Aquatic and surface photochemistry. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 3–38 Faust BC (1994) A review of the photochemical redox reactions of iron species in atmosphere, oceanic, and surface waters: influences of geochemical cycles and oxidant formation. Helz GR, Zepp RG, Crosby DG (eds) Aquatic and surface photochemistry. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 3–38
go back to reference Faust BC, Allen JM (1992) Aqueous-phase photochemical sources of peroxyl radicals and singlet molecular-oxygen in clouds and fog. J Geophys Res Atmos 97(D12):12913–12926 Faust BC, Allen JM (1992) Aqueous-phase photochemical sources of peroxyl radicals and singlet molecular-oxygen in clouds and fog. J Geophys Res Atmos 97(D12):12913–12926
go back to reference Faust BC, Hoigne J (1987) Sensitized photooxidation of phenols by fulvic acid and in natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 21:957–964CrossRef Faust BC, Hoigne J (1987) Sensitized photooxidation of phenols by fulvic acid and in natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 21:957–964CrossRef
go back to reference Faust BC, Zepp RG (1993) Photochemistry of aqueous iron(III)-polycarboxylate complexes: roles in the chemistry of atmospheric and surface waters. Environ Sci Technol 27:2517–2522CrossRef Faust BC, Zepp RG (1993) Photochemistry of aqueous iron(III)-polycarboxylate complexes: roles in the chemistry of atmospheric and surface waters. Environ Sci Technol 27:2517–2522CrossRef
go back to reference Fenton HJ (1894) Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron. J Chem Soc 65:899–910CrossRef Fenton HJ (1894) Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron. J Chem Soc 65:899–910CrossRef
go back to reference Fischer AM, Kliger DS, Winterle JS, Mill T (1985) Direct observations of phototransients in natural waters. Chemosphere 14:1299–1306CrossRef Fischer AM, Kliger DS, Winterle JS, Mill T (1985) Direct observations of phototransients in natural waters. Chemosphere 14:1299–1306CrossRef
go back to reference Fox MA (1993) The role of hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalyzed detoxification of organic pollutants—pulse-radiolysis and time-resolved diffuse-reflectance measurements. In: Ollis DF, Alekabi H (eds) Trace metals in the environment, 3, pp 163–167 Fox MA (1993) The role of hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalyzed detoxification of organic pollutants—pulse-radiolysis and time-resolved diffuse-reflectance measurements. In: Ollis DF, Alekabi H (eds) Trace metals in the environment, 3, pp 163–167
go back to reference Fu P, Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Li W, Liao H, Wang L, Wang J, Mei Y (2010) Excitation-emission matrix characterization of dissolved organic matter sources in two eutrophic lakes (Southwestern China Plateau). Geochem J 44:99–112 Fu P, Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Li W, Liao H, Wang L, Wang J, Mei Y (2010) Excitation-emission matrix characterization of dissolved organic matter sources in two eutrophic lakes (Southwestern China Plateau). Geochem J 44:99–112
go back to reference Gallard H, De Laat J Legube B (1998) Effect of pH on the oxidation rate of organic compounds by FeII/H2O2 mechanisms and simulation. New J Chem 22:263–268 Gallard H, De Laat J Legube B (1998) Effect of pH on the oxidation rate of organic compounds by FeII/H2O2 mechanisms and simulation. New J Chem 22:263–268
go back to reference Gan D, Jia M, Vaughan PP, Falvey DE, Blough NV (2008) Aqueous photochemistry of methyl-benzoquinone. J Phys Chem A 112:2803–2812CrossRef Gan D, Jia M, Vaughan PP, Falvey DE, Blough NV (2008) Aqueous photochemistry of methyl-benzoquinone. J Phys Chem A 112:2803–2812CrossRef
go back to reference Gao H, Zepp RG (1998) Factors influencing photoreactions of dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southern United States. Environ Sci Technol 32:2940–2946CrossRef Gao H, Zepp RG (1998) Factors influencing photoreactions of dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southern United States. Environ Sci Technol 32:2940–2946CrossRef
go back to reference Gjessing ET, Källqvist T (1991) Algicidal and chemical effect of uv-radiation of water containing humic substances. Water Res 25:491–494CrossRef Gjessing ET, Källqvist T (1991) Algicidal and chemical effect of uv-radiation of water containing humic substances. Water Res 25:491–494CrossRef
go back to reference Goldstein S, Rabani J (2008) Polychromatic UV photon irradiance measurements using chemical actinometers based on NO3 − and H2O2 excitation: applications for industrial photoreactors. Environ Sci Technol 42:3248–3253CrossRef Goldstein S, Rabani J (2008) Polychromatic UV photon irradiance measurements using chemical actinometers based on NO3 and H2O2 excitation: applications for industrial photoreactors. Environ Sci Technol 42:3248–3253CrossRef
go back to reference Goldstein S, Aschengrau D, Diamant Y, Rabani J (2007) Photolysis of aqueous H2O2: quantum yield and applications for polychromatic UV actinometry in photoreactors. Environ Sci Technol 41:7486–7490CrossRef Goldstein S, Aschengrau D, Diamant Y, Rabani J (2007) Photolysis of aqueous H2O2: quantum yield and applications for polychromatic UV actinometry in photoreactors. Environ Sci Technol 41:7486–7490CrossRef
go back to reference Goldstone JV, Pullin MJ, Bertilsson S, Voelker BM (2002) Reactions of hydroxyl radical with humic substances: bleaching, mineralization, and production of bioavailable carbon substrates. Environ Sci Technol 36:364–372CrossRef Goldstone JV, Pullin MJ, Bertilsson S, Voelker BM (2002) Reactions of hydroxyl radical with humic substances: bleaching, mineralization, and production of bioavailable carbon substrates. Environ Sci Technol 36:364–372CrossRef
go back to reference Gopinathan C, Damle PS, Hart EJ (1972) Gamma-Ray irradiated sodium chloride as a source of hydrated electrons. J Phys Chem 76:3694–3698CrossRef Gopinathan C, Damle PS, Hart EJ (1972) Gamma-Ray irradiated sodium chloride as a source of hydrated electrons. J Phys Chem 76:3694–3698CrossRef
go back to reference Grannas AM, Martin CB, Chin Y, Platz M (2006a) Hydroxyl radical production from irradiated Arctic dissolved organic matter. Biogeochemistry 78:51–66CrossRef Grannas AM, Martin CB, Chin Y, Platz M (2006a) Hydroxyl radical production from irradiated Arctic dissolved organic matter. Biogeochemistry 78:51–66CrossRef
go back to reference Grannas AM, Martin CB, Chin Y, Platz M (2006b) Hydroxyl radical production from irradiated Arctic dissolved organic matter. Biogeochemistry 78:51–66CrossRef Grannas AM, Martin CB, Chin Y, Platz M (2006b) Hydroxyl radical production from irradiated Arctic dissolved organic matter. Biogeochemistry 78:51–66CrossRef
go back to reference Grebel JE, Pignatello JJ, Song W, Cooper WJ, Mitch WA (2009) Impact of halides on the photobleaching of dissolved organic matter. Mar Chem 115:134–144CrossRef Grebel JE, Pignatello JJ, Song W, Cooper WJ, Mitch WA (2009) Impact of halides on the photobleaching of dissolved organic matter. Mar Chem 115:134–144CrossRef
go back to reference Green R, Charlton R, Seftel H, Bothwell T, Mayet F, Adams B, Finch C, Layrisse M (1968) Body iron excretion in man: a collaborative study. Am J Med 45:336–353CrossRef Green R, Charlton R, Seftel H, Bothwell T, Mayet F, Adams B, Finch C, Layrisse M (1968) Body iron excretion in man: a collaborative study. Am J Med 45:336–353CrossRef
go back to reference Haag WR, Hoigné J (1985) Photo-sensitized oxidation in natural water via OH radicals. Chemosphere 14:1659–1671CrossRef Haag WR, Hoigné J (1985) Photo-sensitized oxidation in natural water via OH radicals. Chemosphere 14:1659–1671CrossRef
go back to reference Haag WR, Yao CCD (1992) Rate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 26:1005–1013CrossRef Haag WR, Yao CCD (1992) Rate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 26:1005–1013CrossRef
go back to reference Haber F, Weiss J (1934) The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 147:332–351 Haber F, Weiss J (1934) The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 147:332–351
go back to reference Han F, Kambala VSR, Srinivasan M, Rajarathnam D, Naidu R (2009) Tailored titanium dioxide photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes in wastewater treatment: a review. Appl Catal A Gen 359:25–40CrossRef Han F, Kambala VSR, Srinivasan M, Rajarathnam D, Naidu R (2009) Tailored titanium dioxide photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes in wastewater treatment: a review. Appl Catal A Gen 359:25–40CrossRef
go back to reference Hardwick TJ (1957) The rate constant of the reaction between ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide in acid solution. Can J Chem 35:428–436CrossRef Hardwick TJ (1957) The rate constant of the reaction between ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide in acid solution. Can J Chem 35:428–436CrossRef
go back to reference Henglein A (1987) Sonochemistry: historical developments and modern aspects. Ultrasonics 25:6–16CrossRef Henglein A (1987) Sonochemistry: historical developments and modern aspects. Ultrasonics 25:6–16CrossRef
go back to reference Hislop KA, Bolton JR (1999) The photochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals in the UV-vis/ferrioxalate/H2O2 system. Environ Sci Technol 33:3119–3126CrossRef Hislop KA, Bolton JR (1999) The photochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals in the UV-vis/ferrioxalate/H2O2 system. Environ Sci Technol 33:3119–3126CrossRef
go back to reference Ho P (1986) Photooxidation of 2,4 dinitrotoluene in aqueous solution in the presence of H2O2. Environ Sci Technol 20:260–267CrossRef Ho P (1986) Photooxidation of 2,4 dinitrotoluene in aqueous solution in the presence of H2O2. Environ Sci Technol 20:260–267CrossRef
go back to reference Hoigné J, Bader H (1978) Ozone and hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidations of organic and organometallic trace impurities in water. In: Brinkman FE, Bellama JM (eds) Organometals and organometalloids occurrence and fate in the environment. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 292–313 Hoigné J, Bader H (1978) Ozone and hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidations of organic and organometallic trace impurities in water. In: Brinkman FE, Bellama JM (eds) Organometals and organometalloids occurrence and fate in the environment. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 292–313
go back to reference Hoigné J, Bader H (1979) Ozonation of water: oxidation-competition values of different types of waters used in Switzerland. Ozone Sci Eng 1:357–372CrossRef Hoigné J, Bader H (1979) Ozonation of water: oxidation-competition values of different types of waters used in Switzerland. Ozone Sci Eng 1:357–372CrossRef
go back to reference Hoigné J, Faust BC, Haag WR, Zepp RG (1988) In influence of aquatic humic substances on fate and treatment of pollutants. In: MacCarthy P, Suffet IH (eds) ACS Symposium Series 219. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 363–383 Hoigné J, Faust BC, Haag WR, Zepp RG (1988) In influence of aquatic humic substances on fate and treatment of pollutants. In: MacCarthy P, Suffet IH (eds) ACS Symposium Series 219. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 363–383
go back to reference Hoigné J, Faust BC, Haag WR, Scully FE, Zepp RG (1989) Aquatic humic substances as sources and sinks of photolytically produced transient reactants. In: Suffett IH, MacCarthy P (eds) Aquatic humic substances: influence on fate and treatment of pollutants. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 363–381 Hoigné J, Faust BC, Haag WR, Scully FE, Zepp RG (1989) Aquatic humic substances as sources and sinks of photolytically produced transient reactants. In: Suffett IH, MacCarthy P (eds) Aquatic humic substances: influence on fate and treatment of pollutants. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 363–381
go back to reference Hoigne′ J (1998) Chemistry of aqueous ozone and transformation of pollutants by ozonation and advanced oxidation processes. In: Hrubec J (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 83–141 Hoigne′ J (1998) Chemistry of aqueous ozone and transformation of pollutants by ozonation and advanced oxidation processes. In: Hrubec J (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 83–141
go back to reference Holder-Sandvik SL, Bilski P, Pakulski JD, Chignell CF, Coffin RB (2000) Photogeneration of singlet oxygen and free radicals in dissolved organic matter isolated from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plumes. Mar Chem 69:139–152CrossRef Holder-Sandvik SL, Bilski P, Pakulski JD, Chignell CF, Coffin RB (2000) Photogeneration of singlet oxygen and free radicals in dissolved organic matter isolated from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plumes. Mar Chem 69:139–152CrossRef
go back to reference Hunt JP, Taube H (1952) The photochemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide quantum yields, tracer and fractionation effects. J Am Chem Soc 74:5999–6002CrossRef Hunt JP, Taube H (1952) The photochemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide quantum yields, tracer and fractionation effects. J Am Chem Soc 74:5999–6002CrossRef
go back to reference Huston PL, Pignatello JJ (1996) Reduction of perchloroalkanes by ferrioxalate-generated carboxylate radical preceding mineralization by the photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 30:3457–3463CrossRef Huston PL, Pignatello JJ (1996) Reduction of perchloroalkanes by ferrioxalate-generated carboxylate radical preceding mineralization by the photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 30:3457–3463CrossRef
go back to reference Jakob DJ (1986) Chemistry of OH in remote clouds and its role in the production of formic acid and peroxymonosulfate. J Geophys Res 91:9807–9826CrossRef Jakob DJ (1986) Chemistry of OH in remote clouds and its role in the production of formic acid and peroxymonosulfate. J Geophys Res 91:9807–9826CrossRef
go back to reference Jeong J, Yoon J (2004) Dual roles of CO2− for degrading synthetic organic chemicals in the photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 38:3531–3540CrossRef Jeong J, Yoon J (2004) Dual roles of CO2 for degrading synthetic organic chemicals in the photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 38:3531–3540CrossRef
go back to reference Jeong J, Yoon J (2005) pH effect on OH radical production in photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 39:2893–2900CrossRef Jeong J, Yoon J (2005) pH effect on OH radical production in photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 39:2893–2900CrossRef
go back to reference Jung YS, Lim WT, Park JY, Kim YH (2009) Effect of pH on Fenton and Fenton-like oxidation. Environ Technol 30:183–190CrossRef Jung YS, Lim WT, Park JY, Kim YH (2009) Effect of pH on Fenton and Fenton-like oxidation. Environ Technol 30:183–190CrossRef
go back to reference Kang SF, Liao CH, Po ST (2000) Decolorization of textile wastewater by photo-Fenton oxidation technology. Chemosphere 41:1287–1294CrossRef Kang SF, Liao CH, Po ST (2000) Decolorization of textile wastewater by photo-Fenton oxidation technology. Chemosphere 41:1287–1294CrossRef
go back to reference Kang NG, Lee D, Yoon J (2002) Kinetic modeling of Fenton oxidation of phenol and monochlorophenols. Chemosphere 47:915–924CrossRef Kang NG, Lee D, Yoon J (2002) Kinetic modeling of Fenton oxidation of phenol and monochlorophenols. Chemosphere 47:915–924CrossRef
go back to reference Katsumata H, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K, Yobico Y (2006) Photo-Fenton degradation of alachlor in the presence of citrate solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 180:38–45CrossRef Katsumata H, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K, Yobico Y (2006) Photo-Fenton degradation of alachlor in the presence of citrate solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 180:38–45CrossRef
go back to reference Khan MMT, Martell AE (1967) Metal ion and metal chelate catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid by molecular oxygen I cupric and ferric ion catalyzed oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 89:4176–4185CrossRef Khan MMT, Martell AE (1967) Metal ion and metal chelate catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid by molecular oxygen I cupric and ferric ion catalyzed oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 89:4176–4185CrossRef
go back to reference Kieber DJ, Blough NV (1990) Determination of carboncentered radicals in aqueous solution by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chem 62:2275–2283CrossRef Kieber DJ, Blough NV (1990) Determination of carboncentered radicals in aqueous solution by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chem 62:2275–2283CrossRef
go back to reference Kobayashi T, Nakatani N, Hirakawa T, Suzuki M, Miyake T, Chiwa M, Yuhara T, Hashimoto N, Inoue K, Yamamura K, Agus N, Sinogaya JR, Nakane K, Kume A, Arakaki T, Sakugawa H (2002) Variation in CO2 assimilation rate induced by simulated dew waters with different sources of hydroxyl radical (∙OH) on the needle surfaces of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb Et Zucc.). Environ Pollut 118:383–391CrossRef Kobayashi T, Nakatani N, Hirakawa T, Suzuki M, Miyake T, Chiwa M, Yuhara T, Hashimoto N, Inoue K, Yamamura K, Agus N, Sinogaya JR, Nakane K, Kume A, Arakaki T, Sakugawa H (2002) Variation in CO2 assimilation rate induced by simulated dew waters with different sources of hydroxyl radical (∙OH) on the needle surfaces of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb Et Zucc.). Environ Pollut 118:383–391CrossRef
go back to reference Komissarov GG (2003) Photosynthesis: the physical-chemical approach. J Adv Chem Phys 2:28–61 Komissarov GG (2003) Photosynthesis: the physical-chemical approach. J Adv Chem Phys 2:28–61
go back to reference Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA (2004) TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations: a review. Appl Catal B Environ 49:1–14CrossRef Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA (2004) TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations: a review. Appl Catal B Environ 49:1–14CrossRef
go back to reference Kremer ML (1999) Mechanism of the Fenton reaction evidence for a new intermediate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 1:3595–3605CrossRef Kremer ML (1999) Mechanism of the Fenton reaction evidence for a new intermediate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 1:3595–3605CrossRef
go back to reference Kume A, Tsuboi N, Satomura T, Suzuki M, Chiwa M, Nakane K, Sakurai N, Horikoshi T, Sakugawa H (2000) Physiological characteristics of Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc, in declined forests at Mt Gokurakuji in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Trees 14:305–311 Kume A, Tsuboi N, Satomura T, Suzuki M, Chiwa M, Nakane K, Sakurai N, Horikoshi T, Sakugawa H (2000) Physiological characteristics of Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc, in declined forests at Mt Gokurakuji in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Trees 14:305–311
go back to reference Kwan WP, Voelker BM (2002) Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and organic compounds in the presence of dissolved iron and ferrihydrite. Environ Sci Technol 36:1467–1476CrossRef Kwan WP, Voelker BM (2002) Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and organic compounds in the presence of dissolved iron and ferrihydrite. Environ Sci Technol 36:1467–1476CrossRef
go back to reference Langford JH, Carey CH (1975) Outer-sphere oxidations of alcohols and formic acid by charge transfer excited states of iron(III) species. Can J Chem 53:2436–2440CrossRef Langford JH, Carey CH (1975) Outer-sphere oxidations of alcohols and formic acid by charge transfer excited states of iron(III) species. Can J Chem 53:2436–2440CrossRef
go back to reference Le Truong G, De Laat J, Legube B (2004) Effects of chloride and sulfate on the rate of oxidation of ferrous ion by H2O2. Water Res 38:2384–2394 Le Truong G, De Laat J, Legube B (2004) Effects of chloride and sulfate on the rate of oxidation of ferrous ion by H2O2. Water Res 38:2384–2394
go back to reference Lee C, Sedlak DL (2009) A novel homogeneous Fenton-like system with Fe(III)-phosphotungstate for oxidation of organic compounds at neutral pH values. J Mol Catal A Chem 311:1–6CrossRef Lee C, Sedlak DL (2009) A novel homogeneous Fenton-like system with Fe(III)-phosphotungstate for oxidation of organic compounds at neutral pH values. J Mol Catal A Chem 311:1–6CrossRef
go back to reference Lee Y, Jeong J, Lee C, Yoon J (2003a) Influence of various reaction parameters on 2,4-D removal in photo/ferrioxalate/H2O2 process. Chemosphere 51:901–912CrossRef Lee Y, Jeong J, Lee C, Yoon J (2003a) Influence of various reaction parameters on 2,4-D removal in photo/ferrioxalate/H2O2 process. Chemosphere 51:901–912CrossRef
go back to reference Lee Y, Lee C, Yoon J (2003b) High temperature dependence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by Fe3+/H2O2 system. Chemosphere 51:963–971CrossRef Lee Y, Lee C, Yoon J (2003b) High temperature dependence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by Fe3+/H2O2 system. Chemosphere 51:963–971CrossRef
go back to reference Lee C, Keenan CR, Sedlak DL (2008) Polyoxometalate-enhanced oxidation of organic compounds by nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and ferrous ion in the presence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 42:4921–4926CrossRef Lee C, Keenan CR, Sedlak DL (2008) Polyoxometalate-enhanced oxidation of organic compounds by nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and ferrous ion in the presence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 42:4921–4926CrossRef
go back to reference Legrini O, Oliveros E, Braun AM (1993) Photochemical processes for water treatment. Chem Rev 93:671–698CrossRef Legrini O, Oliveros E, Braun AM (1993) Photochemical processes for water treatment. Chem Rev 93:671–698CrossRef
go back to reference Lehninger AL (1970) Biochemistry. Worth, New York, p 478 Lehninger AL (1970) Biochemistry. Worth, New York, p 478
go back to reference Li SX, Hong HS, Zheng FY, Deng NS (2008) Effects of metal pollution and macronutrient enrichment on the photoproduction of hydroxyl radicals in seawater by the alga Dunaliella salina. Mar Chem 108:207–214CrossRef Li SX, Hong HS, Zheng FY, Deng NS (2008) Effects of metal pollution and macronutrient enrichment on the photoproduction of hydroxyl radicals in seawater by the alga Dunaliella salina. Mar Chem 108:207–214CrossRef
go back to reference Lindsey ME, Tarr MA (2000a) Quantitation of hydroxyl radical during Fenton oxidation following a single addition of iron and peroxide. Chemosphere 41:409–417CrossRef Lindsey ME, Tarr MA (2000a) Quantitation of hydroxyl radical during Fenton oxidation following a single addition of iron and peroxide. Chemosphere 41:409–417CrossRef
go back to reference Lindsey ME, Tarr MA (2000b) Inhibited hydroxyl radical degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of dissolved fulvic acid. Water Res 34:2385–2389CrossRef Lindsey ME, Tarr MA (2000b) Inhibited hydroxyl radical degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of dissolved fulvic acid. Water Res 34:2385–2389CrossRef
go back to reference Lloyd RV, Hanna PM, Mason RP (1997) The origin of the hydroxyl radical oxygen in the Fenton reaction. Free Radic Biol Med 22:885–888CrossRef Lloyd RV, Hanna PM, Mason RP (1997) The origin of the hydroxyl radical oxygen in the Fenton reaction. Free Radic Biol Med 22:885–888CrossRef
go back to reference Mabury SA (1993) Hydroxyl radical in natural waters. Ph D dissertation, University of California, Davis, California Mabury SA (1993) Hydroxyl radical in natural waters. Ph D dissertation, University of California, Davis, California
go back to reference Machulek A, Moraes JEF, Vautier-Giongo C, Silverio CA, Friedrich LC, Nascimento CAO, Gonzalez MC, Quina FH (2007) Abatement of the inhibitory effect of chloride anions on the photo-Fenton process. Environ Sci Technol 41:8459–8463CrossRef Machulek A, Moraes JEF, Vautier-Giongo C, Silverio CA, Friedrich LC, Nascimento CAO, Gonzalez MC, Quina FH (2007) Abatement of the inhibitory effect of chloride anions on the photo-Fenton process. Environ Sci Technol 41:8459–8463CrossRef
go back to reference Mack J, Bolton JR (1999) Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous solution: a review. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 128:1–13CrossRef Mack J, Bolton JR (1999) Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous solution: a review. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 128:1–13CrossRef
go back to reference Maddigapu PR, Bedini A, Minero C, Maurino V, Vione D, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Sarakha M (2010) The pH-dependent photochemistry of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9:323–330CrossRef Maddigapu PR, Bedini A, Minero C, Maurino V, Vione D, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Sarakha M (2010) The pH-dependent photochemistry of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9:323–330CrossRef
go back to reference Maddigapu PR, Minero C, Maurino V, Vione D, Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Sarakha M, Mailhot G (2011) Photoinduced and photosensitised reactions involving 1-nitronaphthalene and nitrite in aqueous solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:601–609. doi:http:dxdoiorg/101039/C0PP00311E CrossRef Maddigapu PR, Minero C, Maurino V, Vione D, Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Sarakha M, Mailhot G (2011) Photoinduced and photosensitised reactions involving 1-nitronaphthalene and nitrite in aqueous solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:601–609. doi:http:​dxdoiorg/​101039/​C0PP00311E CrossRef
go back to reference Makino K, Mossoba MM, Riesz P (1983) Chemical effects of ultrasound on aqueous solutions formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms. J Phys Chem 87:1369–1377CrossRef Makino K, Mossoba MM, Riesz P (1983) Chemical effects of ultrasound on aqueous solutions formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms. J Phys Chem 87:1369–1377CrossRef
go back to reference Mark G, Korth H-G, Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1996) The photochemistry of aqueous nitrate ion revisited. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 101:89–103CrossRef Mark G, Korth H-G, Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1996) The photochemistry of aqueous nitrate ion revisited. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 101:89–103CrossRef
go back to reference Matykiewiczová N, Kurková R, Klánová J, Klán P (2007) Photolytically induced nitration and hydroxylation of organic aromatic compounds in the presence of nitrate or nitrite in ice. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 187:24–32CrossRef Matykiewiczová N, Kurková R, Klánová J, Klán P (2007) Photolytically induced nitration and hydroxylation of organic aromatic compounds in the presence of nitrate or nitrite in ice. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 187:24–32CrossRef
go back to reference Maurino V, Borghesi D, Vione D, Minero C (2008) Transformation of phenolic compounds upon UVA irradiation of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:321–327CrossRef Maurino V, Borghesi D, Vione D, Minero C (2008) Transformation of phenolic compounds upon UVA irradiation of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:321–327CrossRef
go back to reference McKnight DM, Kimball BA, Bencala KE (1988) Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream. Science 240:637–640CrossRef McKnight DM, Kimball BA, Bencala KE (1988) Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream. Science 240:637–640CrossRef
go back to reference Meyerstein D, Treinin A (1961) Absorption spectra of NO3 − in solution. Tram Faraday Soc 57:2104–2112CrossRef Meyerstein D, Treinin A (1961) Absorption spectra of NO3 in solution. Tram Faraday Soc 57:2104–2112CrossRef
go back to reference Micinski E, Ball LA, Zafiriou OC (1993) Photochemical oxygen activation: Superoxide radical detection and production rates in the eastern Caribbean. J Geophys Res Oceans 98(C2):2299–2306 Micinski E, Ball LA, Zafiriou OC (1993) Photochemical oxygen activation: Superoxide radical detection and production rates in the eastern Caribbean. J Geophys Res Oceans 98(C2):2299–2306
go back to reference Mill T, Hendry DG, Richardson H (1980) Free-radical oxidants in natural waters. Science 207:886–887CrossRef Mill T, Hendry DG, Richardson H (1980) Free-radical oxidants in natural waters. Science 207:886–887CrossRef
go back to reference Miller PL, Chin YP (2002) Photoinduced degradation of carbaryl in wetland surface water. J Agric Food Chem 50:6758–6765CrossRef Miller PL, Chin YP (2002) Photoinduced degradation of carbaryl in wetland surface water. J Agric Food Chem 50:6758–6765CrossRef
go back to reference Miller DM, Buettner GR, Aust SD (1990) Transition metals as a catalysts of “autoxidation” reactions. Free Radic Biol Med 8:95–108CrossRef Miller DM, Buettner GR, Aust SD (1990) Transition metals as a catalysts of “autoxidation” reactions. Free Radic Biol Med 8:95–108CrossRef
go back to reference Miller WL, King DW, Lin J, Kester DR (1995) Photochemical redox cycling of iron in coastal seawater. Mar Chem 50:63–77CrossRef Miller WL, King DW, Lin J, Kester DR (1995) Photochemical redox cycling of iron in coastal seawater. Mar Chem 50:63–77CrossRef
go back to reference Miller WL, Moran MA, Sheldon WM, Zepp RG, Opsahl S (2002) Determination of apparent quantum yield spectra for the formation of biologically labile photoproducts. Limnol Oceanogr 47:343–352CrossRef Miller WL, Moran MA, Sheldon WM, Zepp RG, Opsahl S (2002) Determination of apparent quantum yield spectra for the formation of biologically labile photoproducts. Limnol Oceanogr 47:343–352CrossRef
go back to reference Millero FJ, Sotolongo S (1989) The oxidation of Fe(II) with H2O2 in seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:1867–1873CrossRef Millero FJ, Sotolongo S (1989) The oxidation of Fe(II) with H2O2 in seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:1867–1873CrossRef
go back to reference Millington KR, Maurdev G (2004) The generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by exposure of fluorescent whitening agents to UVA radiation and its relevance to the rapid photoyellowing of whitened wool. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 165:177–185CrossRef Millington KR, Maurdev G (2004) The generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by exposure of fluorescent whitening agents to UVA radiation and its relevance to the rapid photoyellowing of whitened wool. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 165:177–185CrossRef
go back to reference Minakata D, Li K, Westerhoff P, Crittenden J (2009) Development of a group contribution method to predict aqueous phase hydroxyl radical (HO∙) reaction rate constants. Environ Sci Technol 43:6220–6227CrossRef Minakata D, Li K, Westerhoff P, Crittenden J (2009) Development of a group contribution method to predict aqueous phase hydroxyl radical (HO) reaction rate constants. Environ Sci Technol 43:6220–6227CrossRef
go back to reference Minella M, Rogora M, Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C (2011) A model approach to assess the long-term trends of indirect photochemistry in lake water. The case of Lake Maggiore (NW Italy). Sci Total Environ 409:3463–3471CrossRef Minella M, Rogora M, Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C (2011) A model approach to assess the long-term trends of indirect photochemistry in lake water. The case of Lake Maggiore (NW Italy). Sci Total Environ 409:3463–3471CrossRef
go back to reference Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987a) Reaction kinetics of hydrogen peroxide with copper and iron in seawater. Environ Sci Technol 21:804–810CrossRef Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987a) Reaction kinetics of hydrogen peroxide with copper and iron in seawater. Environ Sci Technol 21:804–810CrossRef
go back to reference Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987b) Photochemistry of a copper complexes in sea water In: Zika RG, Cooper WJ (eds) Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems, ACS symposium Ser 327. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 116–130 Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987b) Photochemistry of a copper complexes in sea water In: Zika RG, Cooper WJ (eds) Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems, ACS symposium Ser 327. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 116–130
go back to reference Moore CA, Farmer CT, Zika RG (1993) Influence of the Orinoko River on hydrogen peroxide distribution and production in the Eastern Caribean. J Geophys Res 98(C2):2289–2298 Moore CA, Farmer CT, Zika RG (1993) Influence of the Orinoko River on hydrogen peroxide distribution and production in the Eastern Caribean. J Geophys Res 98(C2):2289–2298
go back to reference Mopper K, Kieber DJ (2000) Marine photochemistry and its impact on carbon cycling. In: de Mora S, Demers S, Vernet M (eds) The effects of UV radiation in the marine environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 101–129 Mopper K, Kieber DJ (2000) Marine photochemistry and its impact on carbon cycling. In: de Mora S, Demers S, Vernet M (eds) The effects of UV radiation in the marine environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 101–129
go back to reference Mopper K, Zhou X (1990) Hydroxyl radical photoproduction in the sea and its potential impact on marine processes. Science 250:661–664CrossRef Mopper K, Zhou X (1990) Hydroxyl radical photoproduction in the sea and its potential impact on marine processes. Science 250:661–664CrossRef
go back to reference Moran MA, Zepp RG (1997) Role of photoreactions in the formation of biologically labile compounds from dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1307–1316CrossRef Moran MA, Zepp RG (1997) Role of photoreactions in the formation of biologically labile compounds from dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1307–1316CrossRef
go back to reference Moran MA Jr, Sheldon WM, Zepp RG (2000) Carbon loss and optical property changes during long-term photochemical and biological degradation of estuarine dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1254–1264CrossRef Moran MA Jr, Sheldon WM, Zepp RG (2000) Carbon loss and optical property changes during long-term photochemical and biological degradation of estuarine dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1254–1264CrossRef
go back to reference Morse DE, Duncan H, Hooker N, Morse A (1977) Hydrogen peroxide induces spawning in mollusks, with activation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. Science 196:298–300CrossRef Morse DE, Duncan H, Hooker N, Morse A (1977) Hydrogen peroxide induces spawning in mollusks, with activation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. Science 196:298–300CrossRef
go back to reference Mostofa KMG, Sakugawa H (2009) Spatial and temporal variations and factors controlling the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in rivers. Environ Chem 6:524–534CrossRef Mostofa KMG, Sakugawa H (2009) Spatial and temporal variations and factors controlling the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in rivers. Environ Chem 6:524–534CrossRef
go back to reference Mostofa KMG, Honda Y, Sakugawa H (2005) Dynamics and optical nature of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in river waters in Hiroshima prefecture Japan. Geochem J 39:257–271CrossRef Mostofa KMG, Honda Y, Sakugawa H (2005) Dynamics and optical nature of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in river waters in Hiroshima prefecture Japan. Geochem J 39:257–271CrossRef
go back to reference Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E (2007) Photodegradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matters in river waters. Geochem J 41:323–331CrossRef Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E (2007) Photodegradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matters in river waters. Geochem J 41:323–331CrossRef
go back to reference Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2009a) Dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments. In: Wu FC, Xing B (eds) Natural organic matter and its significance in the environment. Science Press, Beijing, pp 3–66 Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2009a) Dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments. In: Wu FC, Xing B (eds) Natural organic matter and its significance in the environment. Science Press, Beijing, pp 3–66
go back to reference Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Wu FC, Fu PQ, Ying WL, Yuan J (2009b) Overview of key biogeochemical functions in lake ecosystem: impacts of organic matter pollution and global warming keynote speech. In: Proceedings of the 13th world lake conference Wuhan, China, 1–5 Nov 2009, pp 59–60 Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Wu FC, Fu PQ, Ying WL, Yuan J (2009b) Overview of key biogeochemical functions in lake ecosystem: impacts of organic matter pollution and global warming keynote speech. In: Proceedings of the 13th world lake conference Wuhan, China, 1–5 Nov 2009, pp 59–60
go back to reference Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2011) Photochemical, microbial and metal complexation behavior of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments (Invited review). Geochem J 45:235–254 Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2011) Photochemical, microbial and metal complexation behavior of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments (Invited review). Geochem J 45:235–254
go back to reference Mulazzani QG, D’Angelantonio M, Venturi M, Hoffmann MZ, Rodgers MA (1986) Interaction of formate and oxalate ions with radiation-generated radicals in aqueous solution Methylviologen as a mechanistic probe. J Phys Chem 90:5352–5437CrossRef Mulazzani QG, D’Angelantonio M, Venturi M, Hoffmann MZ, Rodgers MA (1986) Interaction of formate and oxalate ions with radiation-generated radicals in aqueous solution Methylviologen as a mechanistic probe. J Phys Chem 90:5352–5437CrossRef
go back to reference Muñoz I, Rieradevall J, Torrades F, Peral J, Dome`nech X (2006a) Environmental assessment of different advanced oxidation processes applied to a bleaching kraft mill effluent. Chemosphere 62:9–16CrossRef Muñoz I, Rieradevall J, Torrades F, Peral J, Dome`nech X (2006a) Environmental assessment of different advanced oxidation processes applied to a bleaching kraft mill effluent. Chemosphere 62:9–16CrossRef
go back to reference Muñoz I, Rieradevall J, Torrades F, Peral J, Dome`nech X (2006b) Environmental assessment of different advanced oxidation processes applied to a bleaching kraft mill effluent. Chemosphere 62:9–16CrossRef Muñoz I, Rieradevall J, Torrades F, Peral J, Dome`nech X (2006b) Environmental assessment of different advanced oxidation processes applied to a bleaching kraft mill effluent. Chemosphere 62:9–16CrossRef
go back to reference Murov SL, Carmichael I, Hug GL (1993) Handbook of photochemistry, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 299–305 Murov SL, Carmichael I, Hug GL (1993) Handbook of photochemistry, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 299–305
go back to reference Nakatani N, Miyake T, Chiwa M, Hashimoto M, Arakaki T, Sakugawa H (2001) Photochemical formation of OH radicals in dew formed on the pine needles at Mt Gokurakuji. Water Air Soil Pollut 130:397–402CrossRef Nakatani N, Miyake T, Chiwa M, Hashimoto M, Arakaki T, Sakugawa H (2001) Photochemical formation of OH radicals in dew formed on the pine needles at Mt Gokurakuji. Water Air Soil Pollut 130:397–402CrossRef
go back to reference Nakatani N, Hashimoto N, Sakugawa H (2004) An evaluation of hydroxyl radical formation in river water and the potential for photodegradation of bisphenol A. In: Hill RJ, Leventhal J, Aizenshtat Z, Baedecker MJ, Claypool G, Eganhouse R, Goldhaber M, Peters K (eds) The geochemical society special publication series 9, Geochemical investigations in earth and space science: a tribute to Isaac R Kaplan. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 233–242 Nakatani N, Hashimoto N, Sakugawa H (2004) An evaluation of hydroxyl radical formation in river water and the potential for photodegradation of bisphenol A. In: Hill RJ, Leventhal J, Aizenshtat Z, Baedecker MJ, Claypool G, Eganhouse R, Goldhaber M, Peters K (eds) The geochemical society special publication series 9, Geochemical investigations in earth and space science: a tribute to Isaac R Kaplan. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 233–242
go back to reference Nakatani N, Ueda M, Shindo H, Takeda K, Sakugawa H (2007) Contribution of the photo-Fenton reaction to hydroxyl radical formation rates in river and rain water samples. Anal Sci 23:1137–1142CrossRef Nakatani N, Ueda M, Shindo H, Takeda K, Sakugawa H (2007) Contribution of the photo-Fenton reaction to hydroxyl radical formation rates in river and rain water samples. Anal Sci 23:1137–1142CrossRef
go back to reference Neta P, Huie RE, Ross AB (1988) Rate constants for reactions of inorganic radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 17:1027–1284 Neta P, Huie RE, Ross AB (1988) Rate constants for reactions of inorganic radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 17:1027–1284
go back to reference Nogueira RP, Guimaraes JR (2000) Photodegradation of dichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol by ferrioxalate/H2O2 system. Water Res 34:895–901CrossRef Nogueira RP, Guimaraes JR (2000) Photodegradation of dichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol by ferrioxalate/H2O2 system. Water Res 34:895–901CrossRef
go back to reference Oda T, Akaike T, Sato K, Ishimatsu A, Takeshita S, Muramatsu T, Maeda H (1992) Hydroxyl radical generation by red tide algae. Arch Biochem Biophys 294:38–43CrossRef Oda T, Akaike T, Sato K, Ishimatsu A, Takeshita S, Muramatsu T, Maeda H (1992) Hydroxyl radical generation by red tide algae. Arch Biochem Biophys 294:38–43CrossRef
go back to reference Ollis DF, Pellizetti E, Serpone N (1991) Photocatalytic destruction of water contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 25:1522–1529CrossRef Ollis DF, Pellizetti E, Serpone N (1991) Photocatalytic destruction of water contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 25:1522–1529CrossRef
go back to reference Osburn CL, O’Sullivan DW, Boyd TJ (2009) Increases in the longwave photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal waters. Limnol Oceanogr 54:145–159CrossRef Osburn CL, O’Sullivan DW, Boyd TJ (2009) Increases in the longwave photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal waters. Limnol Oceanogr 54:145–159CrossRef
go back to reference Page SE, Arnold WA, McNeill K (2011) Assessing the contribution of free hydroxyl radical in organic matter-sensitized photohydroxylation reactions. Environ Sci Technol 45:2818–2825CrossRef Page SE, Arnold WA, McNeill K (2011) Assessing the contribution of free hydroxyl radical in organic matter-sensitized photohydroxylation reactions. Environ Sci Technol 45:2818–2825CrossRef
go back to reference Paradies G, Petrosillo G, Pistolese M, Ruggiero FM (2000) The effect of reactive oxygen species generated from the mitochondrial electron transport chain on the cytochrome C oxidase activity and on the cardilipin content in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. FEBS Lett 466:323–326CrossRef Paradies G, Petrosillo G, Pistolese M, Ruggiero FM (2000) The effect of reactive oxygen species generated from the mitochondrial electron transport chain on the cytochrome C oxidase activity and on the cardilipin content in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. FEBS Lett 466:323–326CrossRef
go back to reference Petasne RG, Zika RG (1987) Fate of superoxide in coastal sea water. Nature 325:516–518CrossRef Petasne RG, Zika RG (1987) Fate of superoxide in coastal sea water. Nature 325:516–518CrossRef
go back to reference Pham AN, Waite TD (2008) Oxygenation of Fe(II) in natural waters revisited: Kinetic modeling approaches, rate constant estimation and the importance of various reaction pathways. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:3616–3630CrossRef Pham AN, Waite TD (2008) Oxygenation of Fe(II) in natural waters revisited: Kinetic modeling approaches, rate constant estimation and the importance of various reaction pathways. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72:3616–3630CrossRef
go back to reference Pignatello JJ (1992) Dark and photoassisted Fe3+-catalyzed degradation of chlorophenoxy herbicides by hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 26:944–951CrossRef Pignatello JJ (1992) Dark and photoassisted Fe3+-catalyzed degradation of chlorophenoxy herbicides by hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 26:944–951CrossRef
go back to reference Pignatello JJ, Oliveros E, MacKay A (2006) Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 36:1–84CrossRef Pignatello JJ, Oliveros E, MacKay A (2006) Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 36:1–84CrossRef
go back to reference Pleskov YV, Gurevich YY (1986) Semiconductor photoelectron chemistry. Consultants Bureau, New York, p 29 Pleskov YV, Gurevich YY (1986) Semiconductor photoelectron chemistry. Consultants Bureau, New York, p 29
go back to reference Po HN, Sutin N (1968) The stability constant of the monochloro complex of iron (II). Inorg Chem 7:621–624CrossRef Po HN, Sutin N (1968) The stability constant of the monochloro complex of iron (II). Inorg Chem 7:621–624CrossRef
go back to reference Pochon A, Vaughan PP, Gan DQ, Vath P, Blough NV, Falvey DE (2002) Photochemical oxidation of water by 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone: evidence against the formation of free hydroxyl radical. J Phys Chem A 106:2889–2894CrossRef Pochon A, Vaughan PP, Gan DQ, Vath P, Blough NV, Falvey DE (2002) Photochemical oxidation of water by 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone: evidence against the formation of free hydroxyl radical. J Phys Chem A 106:2889–2894CrossRef
go back to reference Pozdnyakov IP, Glebov EM, Plyusnin VF, Grivin VP, Ivanov YV, Vorobyev DY, Bazhin NM (2000) Hydroxyl radical formation upon photolysis of the Fe(OH)2+ complex in aqueous solution. Mendeleev Commun 10:185–186CrossRef Pozdnyakov IP, Glebov EM, Plyusnin VF, Grivin VP, Ivanov YV, Vorobyev DY, Bazhin NM (2000) Hydroxyl radical formation upon photolysis of the Fe(OH)2+ complex in aqueous solution. Mendeleev Commun 10:185–186CrossRef
go back to reference Prousek J (1996) Advanced oxidation processes for water treatment photochemical processes. Chem Listy 90:307–315 Prousek J (1996) Advanced oxidation processes for water treatment photochemical processes. Chem Listy 90:307–315
go back to reference Pullin MJ, Bertilsson S, Goldstone JV, Voelker BM (2004) Effects of sunlight and hydroxyl radical on dissolved organic matter: bacterial growth efficiency and production of carboxylic acids and other substrates. Limnol Oceanogr 49:2011–2022CrossRef Pullin MJ, Bertilsson S, Goldstone JV, Voelker BM (2004) Effects of sunlight and hydroxyl radical on dissolved organic matter: bacterial growth efficiency and production of carboxylic acids and other substrates. Limnol Oceanogr 49:2011–2022CrossRef
go back to reference Qian J, Mopper K, Kieber DJ (2001) Photochemical production of the hydroxyl radical in Antarctic waters. Deep-Sea Res I 48:741–759CrossRef Qian J, Mopper K, Kieber DJ (2001) Photochemical production of the hydroxyl radical in Antarctic waters. Deep-Sea Res I 48:741–759CrossRef
go back to reference Radtke K, Byrnes RW, Kerrigan P, Antholine WE, Petering DH (1992) Requirement of endogenous iron for cytotoxicity caused by hydrogen peroxide in euglena gracilis. Mar Environ Res 34:339–343CrossRef Radtke K, Byrnes RW, Kerrigan P, Antholine WE, Petering DH (1992) Requirement of endogenous iron for cytotoxicity caused by hydrogen peroxide in euglena gracilis. Mar Environ Res 34:339–343CrossRef
go back to reference Randall CE, Harvey VL, Manney GL, Orsolini Y, Codrescu M, Sioris C, Brohede S, Haley CS, Gordley LL, Zawdony JM, Russell JM (2005) Stratospheric effects of energetic particle precipitation in 2003–2004. Geophys Res Lett LO5082 doi:101029/2004GL022003 Randall CE, Harvey VL, Manney GL, Orsolini Y, Codrescu M, Sioris C, Brohede S, Haley CS, Gordley LL, Zawdony JM, Russell JM (2005) Stratospheric effects of energetic particle precipitation in 2003–2004. Geophys Res Lett LO5082 doi:101029/2004GL022003
go back to reference Rex M, Harris NRP, der Gathen P, Lehman R, Braathen GO, Reimer E, Beck A, Chipperfield MP, Alfier R, Allaart M, O’Conner F, Dier H, Dorokhov V, Fast H, Gil M, Kyro E, Litynska Z, Mikkelsen IB, Molyneux MG, Nakane H, Notholt J, Rummukainen M, Viatte P, Wenger J (1997) Prolonged stratospheric ozone loss in the 1995–96 Arctic winter. Nature 389:835–838 Rex M, Harris NRP, der Gathen P, Lehman R, Braathen GO, Reimer E, Beck A, Chipperfield MP, Alfier R, Allaart M, O’Conner F, Dier H, Dorokhov V, Fast H, Gil M, Kyro E, Litynska Z, Mikkelsen IB, Molyneux MG, Nakane H, Notholt J, Rummukainen M, Viatte P, Wenger J (1997) Prolonged stratospheric ozone loss in the 1995–96 Arctic winter. Nature 389:835–838
go back to reference Ross AB, Mallard WG, Helman WP, Buxton, Huie RE, Neta P (1994) NDRL-NIST Solution Kinetics Database: -Ver 20. National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg Ross AB, Mallard WG, Helman WP, Buxton, Huie RE, Neta P (1994) NDRL-NIST Solution Kinetics Database: -Ver 20. National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg
go back to reference Rossetti GH, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2002) Decomposition of formic acid in a water solution employing the photo-Fenton reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:1436–1444CrossRef Rossetti GH, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2002) Decomposition of formic acid in a water solution employing the photo-Fenton reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:1436–1444CrossRef
go back to reference Ruppert G, Bauer R, Heisler GJ (1993) The photo-Fenton reaction- an effective photochemical wastewater treatment process. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 73:75–78CrossRef Ruppert G, Bauer R, Heisler GJ (1993) The photo-Fenton reaction- an effective photochemical wastewater treatment process. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 73:75–78CrossRef
go back to reference Rush JD, Bielski GHJ (1985) Pulse radiolytic studies of the reactions of HO2/O2-with Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions. The reactivity of HO2/O2-with ferric ions and its implications on the occurrence of the Haber-Weiss reaction. J Phys Chem 89:5062–5066CrossRef Rush JD, Bielski GHJ (1985) Pulse radiolytic studies of the reactions of HO2/O2-with Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions. The reactivity of HO2/O2-with ferric ions and its implications on the occurrence of the Haber-Weiss reaction. J Phys Chem 89:5062–5066CrossRef
go back to reference Russi H, Kotzias D, Korte F (1982) Photoinduzierte hydroxylierungsreaktionen organischer chemikalien in naturlichen gewassern: nitrate als potentielle OH-radikalquellen. Chemosphere 11:1041–1048CrossRef Russi H, Kotzias D, Korte F (1982) Photoinduzierte hydroxylierungsreaktionen organischer chemikalien in naturlichen gewassern: nitrate als potentielle OH-radikalquellen. Chemosphere 11:1041–1048CrossRef
go back to reference Safazadeh-Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1996) Ferrioxalate-mediated solar degradation of organic contaminants in water. Sol Energy 56:439–443CrossRef Safazadeh-Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1996) Ferrioxalate-mediated solar degradation of organic contaminants in water. Sol Energy 56:439–443CrossRef
go back to reference Safazadeh-Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1997) Ferrioxalate-mediated photodegradation of organic pollutants in contaminated water. Water Res 31:2079–2085 Safazadeh-Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1997) Ferrioxalate-mediated photodegradation of organic pollutants in contaminated water. Water Res 31:2079–2085
go back to reference Sakugawa H, Kaplan IR, Tsai W, Cohen Y (1990) Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 24:1452–1462CrossRef Sakugawa H, Kaplan IR, Tsai W, Cohen Y (1990) Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 24:1452–1462CrossRef
go back to reference Saquib M, Tariq MA, Haque MM, Muneer M (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of disperse blue 1 using UV/TiO2/H2O2 process. J Environ Manag 88:300–306CrossRef Saquib M, Tariq MA, Haque MM, Muneer M (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of disperse blue 1 using UV/TiO2/H2O2 process. J Environ Manag 88:300–306CrossRef
go back to reference Scarpa M, Stevanato R, Viglino P, Rigo A (1983) Superoxide ion as active intermediate in the autooxidation of ascorbate by molecular oxygen. J Biol Chem 258:6695–6697 Scarpa M, Stevanato R, Viglino P, Rigo A (1983) Superoxide ion as active intermediate in the autooxidation of ascorbate by molecular oxygen. J Biol Chem 258:6695–6697
go back to reference Schiavello M (1987) Basic concepts in photocatalysis. In: Schiavello M (ed) Photocatalysis and environmental trends and applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 351–360 Schiavello M (1987) Basic concepts in photocatalysis. In: Schiavello M (ed) Photocatalysis and environmental trends and applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 351–360
go back to reference Schuchmann MN, Von Sonntag C (1979) Hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of 2-methyl-2-propanol in oxygenated aqueous solution: a product and pulse radiolysis study. J Phys Chem 83:780–784CrossRef Schuchmann MN, Von Sonntag C (1979) Hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of 2-methyl-2-propanol in oxygenated aqueous solution: a product and pulse radiolysis study. J Phys Chem 83:780–784CrossRef
go back to reference Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM (1993) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley, New York, pp 436–484 Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM (1993) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley, New York, pp 436–484
go back to reference Sedlak DL, Hoigné J (1993) The role of copper and oxalate in the redox cycling of iron in atmospheric waters. Atmos Environ 27A:2173–2185 Sedlak DL, Hoigné J (1993) The role of copper and oxalate in the redox cycling of iron in atmospheric waters. Atmos Environ 27A:2173–2185
go back to reference Senesi N (1990) Molecular and quantitative aspects of the chemistry of fulvic acid and its interactions with metal ions and organic chemicals Part II The fluorescence spectroscopy approach. Anal Chim Acta 232:77–106CrossRef Senesi N (1990) Molecular and quantitative aspects of the chemistry of fulvic acid and its interactions with metal ions and organic chemicals Part II The fluorescence spectroscopy approach. Anal Chim Acta 232:77–106CrossRef
go back to reference Serpone N, Pelizzetti E (1989) Photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York, p 650 Serpone N, Pelizzetti E (1989) Photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York, p 650
go back to reference Shuali U, Ottolenghi M, Rabani J, Yelin Z (1969) On photochemistry of aqueous nitrate solutions excited in 195-nm band. J Phys Chem 73:3445–3451CrossRef Shuali U, Ottolenghi M, Rabani J, Yelin Z (1969) On photochemistry of aqueous nitrate solutions excited in 195-nm band. J Phys Chem 73:3445–3451CrossRef
go back to reference Skinner JF, Glasel A, Hsu L-C, Funt BL (1980) Rotating ring disk electrode study of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Fe(II) and Cu(I) in hydrochloric acid. J Electrochem Soc 127:315–324CrossRef Skinner JF, Glasel A, Hsu L-C, Funt BL (1980) Rotating ring disk electrode study of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Fe(II) and Cu(I) in hydrochloric acid. J Electrochem Soc 127:315–324CrossRef
go back to reference Song RG, Westerhoff P, Minear RA, Amy GL (1996) Interaction between bromine and natural organic matter. In: Minear RA, Amy GL (eds) Water disinfection and natural organic matter. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 298–321 Song RG, Westerhoff P, Minear RA, Amy GL (1996) Interaction between bromine and natural organic matter. In: Minear RA, Amy GL (eds) Water disinfection and natural organic matter. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 298–321
go back to reference Southworth BA, Voelker BM (2003) Hydroxyl radical production via the photo-Fenton reaction in the presence of fulvic acid. Environ Sci Technol 37:1130–1136CrossRef Southworth BA, Voelker BM (2003) Hydroxyl radical production via the photo-Fenton reaction in the presence of fulvic acid. Environ Sci Technol 37:1130–1136CrossRef
go back to reference Staehelin J, Hoigné J (1985) Decomposition of ozone in water in the presence of organic solutes acting as promoters and inhibitors of radical chain reactions. Environ Sci Technol 19:1206–1213CrossRef Staehelin J, Hoigné J (1985) Decomposition of ozone in water in the presence of organic solutes acting as promoters and inhibitors of radical chain reactions. Environ Sci Technol 19:1206–1213CrossRef
go back to reference Strehlow H, Wagner I (1982) Flash photolysis of nitrite ions in aqueous solutions. Z Phys Chem Neue Folge 132:151–160CrossRef Strehlow H, Wagner I (1982) Flash photolysis of nitrite ions in aqueous solutions. Z Phys Chem Neue Folge 132:151–160CrossRef
go back to reference Strickler SJ, Kasha M (1963) Solvent effects on the electronic absorption spectrum of nitrite ion. J Am Chem Soc 85:2899–2901CrossRef Strickler SJ, Kasha M (1963) Solvent effects on the electronic absorption spectrum of nitrite ion. J Am Chem Soc 85:2899–2901CrossRef
go back to reference Sun L, Bolton JR (1996) Determination of the quantum yield for the photochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals in TiO2 suspensions. J Phys Chem 100:4127–4134CrossRef Sun L, Bolton JR (1996) Determination of the quantum yield for the photochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals in TiO2 suspensions. J Phys Chem 100:4127–4134CrossRef
go back to reference Sun Y, Pignatello J (1993) Photochemical reactions involved in the total mineralization of 2,4-D by Fe3+/H2O2/UV. Environ Sci Technol 27:304–310CrossRef Sun Y, Pignatello J (1993) Photochemical reactions involved in the total mineralization of 2,4-D by Fe3+/H2O2/UV. Environ Sci Technol 27:304–310CrossRef
go back to reference Sun B, Sato M, Sid Clements J (1997) Optical study of active species produced by a pulsed streamer corona discharge in water. J Electrostat 39(3):189–202 Sun B, Sato M, Sid Clements J (1997) Optical study of active species produced by a pulsed streamer corona discharge in water. J Electrostat 39(3):189–202
go back to reference Sur B, Rolle M, Minero C, Maurino V, Vione D, Brigante M, Mailhot G (2011) Formation of hydroxyl radicals by irradiated 1-nitronaphthalene (1NN): oxidation of hydroxyl ions and water by the 1NN triplet state. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:1817–1824CrossRef Sur B, Rolle M, Minero C, Maurino V, Vione D, Brigante M, Mailhot G (2011) Formation of hydroxyl radicals by irradiated 1-nitronaphthalene (1NN): oxidation of hydroxyl ions and water by the 1NN triplet state. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:1817–1824CrossRef
go back to reference Sychev AY, Isak VG (1995) Iron compounds and the mechanisms of the homogeneous catalysis of the activation of O2 and H2O2 and of the oxidation of organic substrates. Russ Chem Rev 64:1105–1129CrossRef Sychev AY, Isak VG (1995) Iron compounds and the mechanisms of the homogeneous catalysis of the activation of O2 and H2O2 and of the oxidation of organic substrates. Russ Chem Rev 64:1105–1129CrossRef
go back to reference Takahashi N, Nakai T, Satoh Y, Katoh Y (1995) Ozonolysis of humic acid and its effect on decoloration and biodegradability. Ozone Sci Eng 17:511–525CrossRef Takahashi N, Nakai T, Satoh Y, Katoh Y (1995) Ozonolysis of humic acid and its effect on decoloration and biodegradability. Ozone Sci Eng 17:511–525CrossRef
go back to reference Takeda K, Takedoi H, Yamaji S, Ohta K, Sakugawa H (2004) Determination of hydroxyl radical photoproduction rates in natural waters. Anal Sci 20:153–158CrossRef Takeda K, Takedoi H, Yamaji S, Ohta K, Sakugawa H (2004) Determination of hydroxyl radical photoproduction rates in natural waters. Anal Sci 20:153–158CrossRef
go back to reference Taylor RC, Cross PC (1949) Light absorption of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions in the near ultraviolet region. J Am Chem Soc 71:2266–2268CrossRef Taylor RC, Cross PC (1949) Light absorption of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions in the near ultraviolet region. J Am Chem Soc 71:2266–2268CrossRef
go back to reference Torrents A, Anderson BG, Bilboulian S, Johnson WE, Hapeman CJ (1997) Atrazine photolysis: mechanistic investigations of direct and nitrate mediated hydroxy radical processes and the influence of dissolved organic carbon from the Chesapeake Bay. Environ Sci Technol 31:1476–1482CrossRef Torrents A, Anderson BG, Bilboulian S, Johnson WE, Hapeman CJ (1997) Atrazine photolysis: mechanistic investigations of direct and nitrate mediated hydroxy radical processes and the influence of dissolved organic carbon from the Chesapeake Bay. Environ Sci Technol 31:1476–1482CrossRef
go back to reference Tossell JA (2005) Calculation of the interaction of bicarbonate ion with arsenites in aqueous solution and with the surfaces of Al hydroxide minerals. ACS Symp Ser, Chapter 9, 915:118–130 Tossell JA (2005) Calculation of the interaction of bicarbonate ion with arsenites in aqueous solution and with the surfaces of Al hydroxide minerals. ACS Symp Ser, Chapter 9, 915:118–130
go back to reference Tranvik LJ (1992) Allochthonous dissolved organic matter as an energy source for pelagic bacteria and the concept of the microbial loop. Hydrobiologia 229:107–114CrossRef Tranvik LJ (1992) Allochthonous dissolved organic matter as an energy source for pelagic bacteria and the concept of the microbial loop. Hydrobiologia 229:107–114CrossRef
go back to reference Treinin A, Hayon E (1970) Absorption spectra and reaction kinetics of NO2, N2O3, and N2O4 in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 92:5821–5828CrossRef Treinin A, Hayon E (1970) Absorption spectra and reaction kinetics of NO2, N2O3, and N2O4 in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 92:5821–5828CrossRef
go back to reference Tseng JM, Haung CP (1991) Removal of chlorophenols from water by photocatalytic oxidation. Water Sci Technol 23:377–387 Tseng JM, Haung CP (1991) Removal of chlorophenols from water by photocatalytic oxidation. Water Sci Technol 23:377–387
go back to reference Ullah SS, Khan MGM, Rahman ABMS (1998) Photocatalytic decomposition of phenols by titanium dioxide under sunlight and UV. J Bang Acad Sci 22:29–37 Ullah SS, Khan MGM, Rahman ABMS (1998) Photocatalytic decomposition of phenols by titanium dioxide under sunlight and UV. J Bang Acad Sci 22:29–37
go back to reference Valentine JS (1973) The dioxygen ligand in mononuclear group VIII transition metal complexes. Chem Rev 73:235–345CrossRef Valentine JS (1973) The dioxygen ligand in mononuclear group VIII transition metal complexes. Chem Rev 73:235–345CrossRef
go back to reference Vaughn PP, Blough NV (1998) Photochemical formation of hydroxyl radical by constituents of natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 32:2947–2953CrossRef Vaughn PP, Blough NV (1998) Photochemical formation of hydroxyl radical by constituents of natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 32:2947–2953CrossRef
go back to reference Vel Leitner NK, Dore M (1996) Hydroxyl radical induced decomposition of aliphatic acids in oxygenated and deoxygenated aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 99:137–143CrossRef Vel Leitner NK, Dore M (1996) Hydroxyl radical induced decomposition of aliphatic acids in oxygenated and deoxygenated aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 99:137–143CrossRef
go back to reference Venkatadri R, Peters R (1993) Chemical oxidation technologies. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 10:107–149CrossRef Venkatadri R, Peters R (1993) Chemical oxidation technologies. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 10:107–149CrossRef
go back to reference Vermilyea AW, Voelker BM (2009) Photo-Fenton reaction at near neutral pH. Environ Sci Technol 43:6927–6933CrossRef Vermilyea AW, Voelker BM (2009) Photo-Fenton reaction at near neutral pH. Environ Sci Technol 43:6927–6933CrossRef
go back to reference Viollier E, Inglett PW, Hunter K, Roychoudhury AN, Van Cappellen P (2000) The ferrozine method revisited: Fe(II)/Fe(III) determination in natural waters. Appl Geochem 15:785–790CrossRef Viollier E, Inglett PW, Hunter K, Roychoudhury AN, Van Cappellen P (2000) The ferrozine method revisited: Fe(II)/Fe(III) determination in natural waters. Appl Geochem 15:785–790CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (2001a) Phenol photonitration upon UV irradiation of nitrite in aqueous solution II: effects of pH and TiO2. Chemosphere 45:903–910CrossRef Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (2001a) Phenol photonitration upon UV irradiation of nitrite in aqueous solution II: effects of pH and TiO2. Chemosphere 45:903–910CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (2001b) Phenol photonitration upon UV irradiation of nitrite in aqueous solution II: effects of pH and TiO2. Chemosphere 45:903–910CrossRef Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (2001b) Phenol photonitration upon UV irradiation of nitrite in aqueous solution II: effects of pH and TiO2. Chemosphere 45:903–910CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Vincenti M, Pelizzetti E (2003a) Aromatic photonitration in homogeneous and heterogeneous aqueous systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 10:321–324CrossRef Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Vincenti M, Pelizzetti E (2003a) Aromatic photonitration in homogeneous and heterogeneous aqueous systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 10:321–324CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Borghesi D, Lucchiari M, Pelizzetti E (2003b) New processes in the environmental chemistry of nitrite 2 the role of hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 37:4635–4641CrossRef Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Borghesi D, Lucchiari M, Pelizzetti E (2003b) New processes in the environmental chemistry of nitrite 2 the role of hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 37:4635–4641CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Merlo F, Maurino V, Minero C (2004a) Effect of humic acids on the fenton degradation of phenol. Environ Chem Lett 2:129–133CrossRef Vione D, Merlo F, Maurino V, Minero C (2004a) Effect of humic acids on the fenton degradation of phenol. Environ Chem Lett 2:129–133CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Pelizzetti E, Minero C (2004b) Phenol photonitration and photonitrosation upon nitrite photolysis in basic solution. Int J Environ Anal Chem 84:493–504CrossRef Vione D, Maurino V, Pelizzetti E, Minero C (2004b) Phenol photonitration and photonitrosation upon nitrite photolysis in basic solution. Int J Environ Anal Chem 84:493–504CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Falletti G, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E, Malandrino M, Ajassa R, Olariu R-I, Arsene C (2006) Sources and sinks of hydroxyl radicals upon irradiation of natural water samples. Environ Sci Technol 40:3775–3781CrossRef Vione D, Falletti G, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E, Malandrino M, Ajassa R, Olariu R-I, Arsene C (2006) Sources and sinks of hydroxyl radicals upon irradiation of natural water samples. Environ Sci Technol 40:3775–3781CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Cucu Man S, Khanra S, Arsene C, Olariu RI, Minero C (2008) Formation of organobrominated compounds in the presence of bromide under simulated atmospheric aerosol conditions. ChemSusChem 1:197–204 Vione D, Maurino V, Cucu Man S, Khanra S, Arsene C, Olariu RI, Minero C (2008) Formation of organobrominated compounds in the presence of bromide under simulated atmospheric aerosol conditions. ChemSusChem 1:197–204
go back to reference Vione D, Khanra S, Man SC, Maddigapu PR, Das R, Arsene C, Olariu RI, Maurino V, Minero C (2009a) Inhibition vs enhancement of the nitrate-induced phototransformation of organic substrates by the OH scavengers bicarbonate and carbonate. Water Res 43:4718–4728CrossRef Vione D, Khanra S, Man SC, Maddigapu PR, Das R, Arsene C, Olariu RI, Maurino V, Minero C (2009a) Inhibition vs enhancement of the nitrate-induced phototransformation of organic substrates by the OH scavengers bicarbonate and carbonate. Water Res 43:4718–4728CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Carlotti ME, Chiron S, Barbati S (2009b) Modelling the occurrence and reactivity of the carbonate radical in surface freshwater. Comptes Rendus Chimie 12:865–871CrossRef Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C, Carlotti ME, Chiron S, Barbati S (2009b) Modelling the occurrence and reactivity of the carbonate radical in surface freshwater. Comptes Rendus Chimie 12:865–871CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Lauri V, Minero C, Maurino V, Malandrino M, Carlotti ME, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2009c) Photostability and photolability of dissolved organic matter upon irradiation of natural water samples under simulated sunlight. Aquat Sci 71:34–45CrossRef Vione D, Lauri V, Minero C, Maurino V, Malandrino M, Carlotti ME, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2009c) Photostability and photolability of dissolved organic matter upon irradiation of natural water samples under simulated sunlight. Aquat Sci 71:34–45CrossRef
go back to reference Vione D, Casanova I, Minero C, Duncianu M, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2009d) Assessing the potentiality of Romanian surface waters to produce hydroxyl and nitrite radicals. Revista De Chimie 60:123–126 Vione D, Casanova I, Minero C, Duncianu M, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2009d) Assessing the potentiality of Romanian surface waters to produce hydroxyl and nitrite radicals. Revista De Chimie 60:123–126
go back to reference Vione D, Ponzo M, Bagnus D, Maurino V, Minero C, Carlotti ME (2010) Comparison of different probe molecules for the quantification of hydroxyl raidcals in aqueous solution. Environ Chem Lett 8:95–100CrossRef Vione D, Ponzo M, Bagnus D, Maurino V, Minero C, Carlotti ME (2010) Comparison of different probe molecules for the quantification of hydroxyl raidcals in aqueous solution. Environ Chem Lett 8:95–100CrossRef
go back to reference Voelker BM, Sulzberger B (1996) Effects of fulvic acid on Fe(II) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 30:1106–1114CrossRef Voelker BM, Sulzberger B (1996) Effects of fulvic acid on Fe(II) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 30:1106–1114CrossRef
go back to reference Voelker BM, Morel FMM, Sulzberger B (1997) Iron redox cycling in surface waters: effects of humic substances and light. Environ Sci Technol 31:1004–1011CrossRef Voelker BM, Morel FMM, Sulzberger B (1997) Iron redox cycling in surface waters: effects of humic substances and light. Environ Sci Technol 31:1004–1011CrossRef
go back to reference Voelker BM, Sedlak DL, Zafiriou OC (2000) Chemistry of superoxide radical in seawater: Reactions with organic Cu complexes. Environ Sci Technol 34:1036–1042CrossRef Voelker BM, Sedlak DL, Zafiriou OC (2000) Chemistry of superoxide radical in seawater: Reactions with organic Cu complexes. Environ Sci Technol 34:1036–1042CrossRef
go back to reference Volman DH, Chen JC (1959) The photochemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions of allyl alcohol at 2537 A. J Am Chem Soc 81:4141–4144CrossRef Volman DH, Chen JC (1959) The photochemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions of allyl alcohol at 2537 A. J Am Chem Soc 81:4141–4144CrossRef
go back to reference von Gunten U, Oliveras Y (1997) Kinetics of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hypobromous acid: implication on water treatment and natural systems. Water Res 31:900–906CrossRef von Gunten U, Oliveras Y (1997) Kinetics of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hypobromous acid: implication on water treatment and natural systems. Water Res 31:900–906CrossRef
go back to reference von Sonntag C (2006) Free-radical-induced DNA damage and its repair a chemical perspective. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 359–482 von Sonntag C (2006) Free-radical-induced DNA damage and its repair a chemical perspective. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 359–482
go back to reference von Sonntag C (2007) The basics of oxidants in water treatment Part A: OH radical reactions. Water Sci Technol 55:19–23 von Sonntag C (2007) The basics of oxidants in water treatment Part A: OH radical reactions. Water Sci Technol 55:19–23
go back to reference von Sonntag C, Mark G, Mertens R, Schuchmann MN, Schuchmann H-P (1993) UV-radiation and/or oxidants in water pollution control. J Water Supply Res Technol Aquat 42:201–211 von Sonntag C, Mark G, Mertens R, Schuchmann MN, Schuchmann H-P (1993) UV-radiation and/or oxidants in water pollution control. J Water Supply Res Technol Aquat 42:201–211
go back to reference Wagner I, Strehlow H, Busse G (1980) Flash-photolysis of nitrate ions in aqueous-solution. Z Phys Chem 123:1–33 Wagner I, Strehlow H, Busse G (1980) Flash-photolysis of nitrate ions in aqueous-solution. Z Phys Chem 123:1–33
go back to reference Walling C, Weil T (1974) The ferric ion catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in perchloric acid solution. Int J Chem Kinet 6:507–516CrossRef Walling C, Weil T (1974) The ferric ion catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in perchloric acid solution. Int J Chem Kinet 6:507–516CrossRef
go back to reference Wang GS, Liao CH, Wu FJ (2001) Photodegradation of humic acids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Chemosphere 42:379–387CrossRef Wang GS, Liao CH, Wu FJ (2001) Photodegradation of humic acids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Chemosphere 42:379–387CrossRef
go back to reference Wang Z, Chen X, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J (2010) Photochemical cycling of iron mediated by dicarboxylates: special effect of malonate. Environ Sci Technol 44:263–268CrossRef Wang Z, Chen X, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J (2010) Photochemical cycling of iron mediated by dicarboxylates: special effect of malonate. Environ Sci Technol 44:263–268CrossRef
go back to reference Warneck P, Wurzinger C (1988) Product quantum yields for the 305-nm photodecomposition of nitrate in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem 92:6278–6283CrossRef Warneck P, Wurzinger C (1988) Product quantum yields for the 305-nm photodecomposition of nitrate in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem 92:6278–6283CrossRef
go back to reference Wells CF, Salam MA (1967) Complex formation between Fe(II) and inorganic anions. Trans Faraday Soc 63:620–629 Wells CF, Salam MA (1967) Complex formation between Fe(II) and inorganic anions. Trans Faraday Soc 63:620–629
go back to reference Wells CF, Salam MA (1968) The effect of pH on the kinetics of the reaction of iron (II) with hydrogen peroxide in perchlorate media. J Chem Soc (A):24–29 Wells CF, Salam MA (1968) The effect of pH on the kinetics of the reaction of iron (II) with hydrogen peroxide in perchlorate media. J Chem Soc (A):24–29
go back to reference Westerhoff P, Aiken G, Army G, Debroux J (1999) Relationships between the structure of natural organic matter and its reactivity towards molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals. Water Res 33:2265–2276CrossRef Westerhoff P, Aiken G, Army G, Debroux J (1999) Relationships between the structure of natural organic matter and its reactivity towards molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals. Water Res 33:2265–2276CrossRef
go back to reference Westerhoff P, Mezyk SP, Cooper WJ, Minakata D (2007) Electron pulse radiolysis determination of hydroxyl radical rate constants with Suwannee river fulvic acid and other dissolved organic matter isolates. Environ Sci Technol 41:4610–4646CrossRef Westerhoff P, Mezyk SP, Cooper WJ, Minakata D (2007) Electron pulse radiolysis determination of hydroxyl radical rate constants with Suwannee river fulvic acid and other dissolved organic matter isolates. Environ Sci Technol 41:4610–4646CrossRef
go back to reference White EM, Vaughan PP, Zepp RG (2003) Role of photo-Fenton reaction in the production of hydroxyl radicals and photobleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southern United States. Aquat Sci 65:402–414CrossRef White EM, Vaughan PP, Zepp RG (2003) Role of photo-Fenton reaction in the production of hydroxyl radicals and photobleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southern United States. Aquat Sci 65:402–414CrossRef
go back to reference Williams NH, Yandell JK (1982) Outer-sphere electron-transfer reaction of ascorbate anions. Aust J Chem 35:1133–1144CrossRef Williams NH, Yandell JK (1982) Outer-sphere electron-transfer reaction of ascorbate anions. Aust J Chem 35:1133–1144CrossRef
go back to reference Winterbourn CC (1993) Superoxide as an intracellular radical sink. Free Radic Biol Med 14:85–90CrossRef Winterbourn CC (1993) Superoxide as an intracellular radical sink. Free Radic Biol Med 14:85–90CrossRef
go back to reference Wu F, Deng N, Zuo Y (1999) Discoloration of dye solutions induced by solar photolysis of ferrioxalate in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 39:2079–2085CrossRef Wu F, Deng N, Zuo Y (1999) Discoloration of dye solutions induced by solar photolysis of ferrioxalate in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 39:2079–2085CrossRef
go back to reference Xu T, Cai Y, Mezyk SP, O’Shea KE (2005) The roles of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation of arsenite by ultrasonic irradiation advances in arsenic research. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 333–343 Xu T, Cai Y, Mezyk SP, O’Shea KE (2005) The roles of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation of arsenite by ultrasonic irradiation advances in arsenic research. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 333–343
go back to reference You J-L, Fong FK (1986) Superoxide photogeneration by chlorophyll A in water/acetone Electron spin resonance studies of radical intermediates in chlorophyll A photoreaction in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 139:1124–1129CrossRef You J-L, Fong FK (1986) Superoxide photogeneration by chlorophyll A in water/acetone Electron spin resonance studies of radical intermediates in chlorophyll A photoreaction in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 139:1124–1129CrossRef
go back to reference Zafiriou OC (1974) Sources and reactions of OH and daughter radicals in seawater. J Geophys Res 79:4491–4497CrossRef Zafiriou OC (1974) Sources and reactions of OH and daughter radicals in seawater. J Geophys Res 79:4491–4497CrossRef
go back to reference Zafiriou OC (1990) Chemistry of superoxide ion-radical (O2-) in seawater: I pK*asw (HOO) and uncatalyzed dismutation kinetics studies by pulse radiolysis. Mar Chem 30:31–43CrossRef Zafiriou OC (1990) Chemistry of superoxide ion-radical (O2-) in seawater: I pK*asw (HOO) and uncatalyzed dismutation kinetics studies by pulse radiolysis. Mar Chem 30:31–43CrossRef
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, Bonneau R (1987) Wavelength-dependent quantum yield of OH radical formation from photolysis of nitrite ion in water. Photochem Photobiol 15:723–727CrossRef Zafiriou OC, Bonneau R (1987) Wavelength-dependent quantum yield of OH radical formation from photolysis of nitrite ion in water. Photochem Photobiol 15:723–727CrossRef
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, Dister B (1991) Photochemical free-radical production-rates-Guld of marine and Woods-Hole Miami transect. J Geophys Res Oceans 96(C3):4939–4945 Zafiriou OC, Dister B (1991) Photochemical free-radical production-rates-Guld of marine and Woods-Hole Miami transect. J Geophys Res Oceans 96(C3):4939–4945
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, True MB (1979a) Nitrite photolysis in seawater by sunlight. Mar Chem 8:9–32CrossRef Zafiriou OC, True MB (1979a) Nitrite photolysis in seawater by sunlight. Mar Chem 8:9–32CrossRef
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, True MB (1979b) Nitrate photolysis in seawater by sunlight. Mar Chem 8:33–42CrossRef Zafiriou OC, True MB (1979b) Nitrate photolysis in seawater by sunlight. Mar Chem 8:33–42CrossRef
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, Joussot-Dubien J, Zepp RG, Zika RG (1984) Photochemistry of natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 18:356A–371A Zafiriou OC, Joussot-Dubien J, Zepp RG, Zika RG (1984) Photochemistry of natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 18:356A–371A
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, True Mary B, Hayon E (1987) Consequences of OH radical reaction in sea water: formation and decay of Br2- ion radical, Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 89–105 Zafiriou OC, True Mary B, Hayon E (1987) Consequences of OH radical reaction in sea water: formation and decay of Br2- ion radical, Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 89–105
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, True Mary B, Hayon E (1987) Consequences of OH radical reaction in sea water: formation and decay of Br2− ion radical, Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 89–105 Zafiriou OC, True Mary B, Hayon E (1987) Consequences of OH radical reaction in sea water: formation and decay of Br2− ion radical, Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 89–105
go back to reference Zafiriou OC, Voelker BM, Sedlak DL (1998) Chemistry of the superoxide radical (O2−) in seawater: Reactions with inorganic copper complexes. J Phys Chem A 102:5693–5700CrossRef Zafiriou OC, Voelker BM, Sedlak DL (1998) Chemistry of the superoxide radical (O2) in seawater: Reactions with inorganic copper complexes. J Phys Chem A 102:5693–5700CrossRef
go back to reference Zang L-Y, Stone K, Pryor WA (1995) Detection of free radicals in aqueous extracts of cigarette tar by electron spin resonance. Free Radic Biol Med 19(2):161–167 Zang L-Y, Stone K, Pryor WA (1995) Detection of free radicals in aqueous extracts of cigarette tar by electron spin resonance. Free Radic Biol Med 19(2):161–167
go back to reference Zellner R, Exner M, Herrmann H (1990) Absolute OH quantum yields in the laser photolysis of nitrate, nitrite and dissolved H2O2 at 308 and 351 nm in the temperature range 278–353 K. J Atmos Chem 10:411–425CrossRef Zellner R, Exner M, Herrmann H (1990) Absolute OH quantum yields in the laser photolysis of nitrate, nitrite and dissolved H2O2 at 308 and 351 nm in the temperature range 278–353 K. J Atmos Chem 10:411–425CrossRef
go back to reference Zepp RG (2002) Solar ultraviolet radiation and aquatic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and metals cycles In: Helbling EW, Zagarese H (eds) UV effects in aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 137–183 Zepp RG (2002) Solar ultraviolet radiation and aquatic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and metals cycles In: Helbling EW, Zagarese H (eds) UV effects in aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 137–183
go back to reference Zepp RG, Hoigné J, Bader H (1987a) Nitrate-induced photooxidation of trace organic chemicals in water. Environ Sci Technol 21:443–450CrossRef Zepp RG, Hoigné J, Bader H (1987a) Nitrate-induced photooxidation of trace organic chemicals in water. Environ Sci Technol 21:443–450CrossRef
go back to reference Zepp RG, Skurlatov YI, Pierce JT (1987) Algal-induced decay and formation of hydrogen peroxide in water: its possible role in oxidation of anilines by algae. In: Zika RG, Cooper WJ (eds) Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems, ACS Symp Ser 327. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 213–224 Zepp RG, Skurlatov YI, Pierce JT (1987) Algal-induced decay and formation of hydrogen peroxide in water: its possible role in oxidation of anilines by algae. In: Zika RG, Cooper WJ (eds) Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems, ACS Symp Ser 327. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 213–224
go back to reference Zepp RG, Faust BC, Hoigné J (1992) Hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous reactions (pH 3–8) of iron(II) with hydrogen peroxide: the Photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 26:313–319CrossRef Zepp RG, Faust BC, Hoigné J (1992) Hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous reactions (pH 3–8) of iron(II) with hydrogen peroxide: the Photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 26:313–319CrossRef
go back to reference Zhao B, Li X, He R, Cheng S, Wenjuan X (1989) Scavenging effect of extracts of green tea and natural antioxidants on active oxygen radicals. Cell Biochem Biophys 14:175–185 Zhao B, Li X, He R, Cheng S, Wenjuan X (1989) Scavenging effect of extracts of green tea and natural antioxidants on active oxygen radicals. Cell Biochem Biophys 14:175–185
go back to reference Zhou X, Mopper K (1990) Determination of photolytically produced hydroxyl radicals in seawater and freshwater. Mar Chem 30:71–88CrossRef Zhou X, Mopper K (1990) Determination of photolytically produced hydroxyl radicals in seawater and freshwater. Mar Chem 30:71–88CrossRef
go back to reference Zika RG, Milne PJ, Zafiriou OC (1993) Photochemical studies of the eastern Caribbean—an introductory overview. J Geophys Res Oceans 98(C2):2223–2232 Zika RG, Milne PJ, Zafiriou OC (1993) Photochemical studies of the eastern Caribbean—an introductory overview. J Geophys Res Oceans 98(C2):2223–2232
go back to reference Zimbron JA, Reardon KF (2005) Hydroxyl free radical reactivity toward aqueous chlorinated phenols. Water Res 39:865–869CrossRef Zimbron JA, Reardon KF (2005) Hydroxyl free radical reactivity toward aqueous chlorinated phenols. Water Res 39:865–869CrossRef
go back to reference Zuo Y, Hoigné J (1992) Formation of hydrogen peroxide and depletion of oxalic acid in atmospheric water by photolysis of iron(III)-oxalato complexes. Environ Sci Technol 26:1014–1022CrossRef Zuo Y, Hoigné J (1992) Formation of hydrogen peroxide and depletion of oxalic acid in atmospheric water by photolysis of iron(III)-oxalato complexes. Environ Sci Technol 26:1014–1022CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters
Authors
Khan M. G. Mostofa
Cong-qiang Liu
Hiroshi Sakugawa
Davide Vione
Daisuke Minakata
M. Saquib
M. Abdul Mottaleb
Copyright Year
2013
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_3