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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Polarisierung

Author : German Neubaum

Published in: Handbuch Politische Kommunikation

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

Wann können sich politische Einstellungen durch verschiedene Formen der politischen Kommunikation verstärken oder in eine extreme Richtung verändern? Unter welchen Umständen können politische Haltungen so stark mit einem Gruppengefühl einhergehen, dass eine Wir-gegen-sie-Mentalität daraus erwächst? All diese Fragen berühren das Phänomen der politischen Polarisierung. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst unterschiedliche Konzeptualisierungen von politischer Polarisierung präsentiert, um anschließend dieses Phänomen aus psychologischer und kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Sicht zu erklären. Dabei wird der empirische Forschungsstand nicht nur in Hinblick auf die Rolle journalistischer Nachrichtenmedien, sondern auch mit einem Fokus auf soziale Medien zusammengefasst.

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Je nach Fokus wird in der Literatur unter „ideological polarization“ auch die Polarisierung im Sinne der ideologischen Orientierung (z. B. konservativ vs. liberal; Lee et al. 2014) verstanden. Für eine ausführliche Beschreibung der verschiedenen Definitionen von Polarisierung und deren Bedeutung zur Bewertung, ob und wie sich Polarisierung manifestiert, siehe Lelkes 2016 oder Mason 2013.

Abzugrenzen ist die themenbezogene Polarisierung vom Konzept des Extremismus, der nicht nur extreme politische Einstellungen oder Ideologien meint, sondern ebenfalls die Ablehnung des demokratischen Staates und die Bereitschaft, ihn und seine Werte abzuschaffen (Kailitz 2004).

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Title: Polarisierung
Author: German Neubaum
Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Book: Handbuch Politische Kommunikation
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-26232-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-26233-4

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26233-4_57