Positioning Strategies: Implementation and Applications of Major Source Localization and Positioning Approaches Over Indian Subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent comprising of a number of countries has a long border and a large coastline. Hence, it is essential to have a strong surveillance and tracking system to locate and monitor the movements of unknown objects and sources from across the border. Global positioning (GP) of an unknown object and source localization (SL) of an unknown radiating source have thus become very critical from a defence point of view. There are many measurement techniques available for the purpose of global positioning and source localization such as time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AOA). However, for any given application, the precision in the estimated position varies with the measurement uncertainty and measurement technique chosen. This brings about the problem of associating applications specific to Indian geographic conditions with the existing measurement techniques. Hence, this paper discusses the choice of the relevant technique for specific applications concerning diverse fields like defence, medicine, etc. To aid better understanding, this paper uses real-world data collected from GPS receiver located at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, for validation of TOA and TDOA measurement techniques. The RSS and AOA techniques are validated using simulated data.