Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 21/2016

13-07-2016 | Original Paper

Preparation of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2–Au spheres with well-designed microstructure and superior photocatalytic activity

Authors: Dandan Wang, Jinghai Yang, Xiuyan Li, Hongju Zhai, Jihui Lang, Hang Song

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 21/2016

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Novel Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2–Au (mTiO2: mesoporous TiO2) core–shell microspheres were fabricated by the facile and efficient methods, and they were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, VSM, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Through the test of methylene blue (MB) degradation, the relative photocatalytic activity of four samples follows the order: Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2–Au (FSTA) > Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2 (FST) > Fe3O4@mTiO2 (FT) > P25. The superior photocatalytic property of FSTA is mainly attributed to the positive effect of three components including decorative Au nanoparticles, SiO2 intermediate layer, and mesoporous TiO2 layer. Moreover, FSTA microspheres were easily recycled by using an external magnetic field while their photocatalytic efficiency had no obvious decrease after running 6 times of photocatalytic test. The well-designed microstructure makes FSTA a highly efficient, recoverable, and stable photocatalytic system, which has promising applications in environmental treatment.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Mohan D, Pittman CU (2007) Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents–a critical review. J Hazard Mater 142:1–53CrossRef Mohan D, Pittman CU (2007) Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents–a critical review. J Hazard Mater 142:1–53CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Xu XY, Zhou XS, Zhang LL et al (2015) Photoredox degradation of different water pollutants [MO, RhB, MB, and Cr(VI)] using Fe–N–S–tri-doped TiO2 nanophotocatalyst prepared by novel chemical method. Mater Res Bull 70:106–113CrossRef Xu XY, Zhou XS, Zhang LL et al (2015) Photoredox degradation of different water pollutants [MO, RhB, MB, and Cr(VI)] using Fe–N–S–tri-doped TiO2 nanophotocatalyst prepared by novel chemical method. Mater Res Bull 70:106–113CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Zhu F, Li CP, Ha MN et al (2016) Molten-salt synthesis of Cu–SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotube heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting. J Mater Sci 51:4639–4649CrossRef Zhu F, Li CP, Ha MN et al (2016) Molten-salt synthesis of Cu–SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotube heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting. J Mater Sci 51:4639–4649CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Dong XL, Shao Y, Zhang XX, Ma HC, Zhang XF, Shi F, Ma C, Xue M (2013) Synthesis and properties of magnetically separable Fe3O4/TiO2/Bi2O3 photocatalysts. Res Chem Intermed 40:2953–2961CrossRef Dong XL, Shao Y, Zhang XX, Ma HC, Zhang XF, Shi F, Ma C, Xue M (2013) Synthesis and properties of magnetically separable Fe3O4/TiO2/Bi2O3 photocatalysts. Res Chem Intermed 40:2953–2961CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Hong K, Yoo KS (2011) Synthesis of TiO2 hollow spheres using binary ionic liquids as an electrocatalyst. Res Chem Intermed 37:1325–1331CrossRef Hong K, Yoo KS (2011) Synthesis of TiO2 hollow spheres using binary ionic liquids as an electrocatalyst. Res Chem Intermed 37:1325–1331CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Shen JY, Wu YN, Fu L et al (2014) Preparation of doped TiO2 nanofiber membranes through electrospinning and their application for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green. J Mater Sci 49:2303–2314CrossRef Shen JY, Wu YN, Fu L et al (2014) Preparation of doped TiO2 nanofiber membranes through electrospinning and their application for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green. J Mater Sci 49:2303–2314CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Habibi MH, Nasr-Esfahani M, Egerton TA, Anpo M (2007) Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/methylcellulose nanocomposite films derived from nanopowder TiO2 and modified sol–gel titania. J Mater Sci 42:6027–6035CrossRef Habibi MH, Nasr-Esfahani M, Egerton TA, Anpo M (2007) Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/methylcellulose nanocomposite films derived from nanopowder TiO2 and modified sol–gel titania. J Mater Sci 42:6027–6035CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Almeida NA, Martins PM, Teixeira S et al (2016) TiO2/graphene oxide immobilized in P(VDF-TrFE) electrospun membranes with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic performance. J Mater Sci 51:6974–6986CrossRef Almeida NA, Martins PM, Teixeira S et al (2016) TiO2/graphene oxide immobilized in P(VDF-TrFE) electrospun membranes with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic performance. J Mater Sci 51:6974–6986CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Xiang QJ, Lv K, Yu JG (2010) Pivotal role of fluorine in enhanced photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanosheets with dominant (001) facets for the photocatalytic degradation of acetone in air. Appl Catal B 96:557–564CrossRef Xiang QJ, Lv K, Yu JG (2010) Pivotal role of fluorine in enhanced photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanosheets with dominant (001) facets for the photocatalytic degradation of acetone in air. Appl Catal B 96:557–564CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Enesca A, Baneto M, Perniu D et al (2016) Solar-activated tandem thin films based on CuInS2, TiO2 and SnO2 inoptimized wastewater treatment processes. Appl Catal B 186:69–76CrossRef Enesca A, Baneto M, Perniu D et al (2016) Solar-activated tandem thin films based on CuInS2, TiO2 and SnO2 inoptimized wastewater treatment processes. Appl Catal B 186:69–76CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Chen XB, Mao SS (2007) Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. Chem Rev 107:2891–2959CrossRef Chen XB, Mao SS (2007) Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. Chem Rev 107:2891–2959CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Gong XQ, Selloni A (2005) Reactivity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles: the role of the minority (001) surface. J Phys Chem B 109:19560–19562CrossRef Gong XQ, Selloni A (2005) Reactivity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles: the role of the minority (001) surface. J Phys Chem B 109:19560–19562CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Yu XX, Yu JG, Cheng B, Jaroniec M (2009) Synthesis of hierarchical flower-like AlOOH and TiO2/AlOOH superstructures and their enhanced photocatalytic properties. J Phys Chem C 113:17527–17535CrossRef Yu XX, Yu JG, Cheng B, Jaroniec M (2009) Synthesis of hierarchical flower-like AlOOH and TiO2/AlOOH superstructures and their enhanced photocatalytic properties. J Phys Chem C 113:17527–17535CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Naraginti S, Thejaswini TV, Prabhakaran D et al (2015) Enhanced photo-catalytic activity of Sr and Ag co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for the degradation of direct green-6 and reactive blue-160 under UV and visible light. Spectrochim Acta A 149:571–579CrossRef Naraginti S, Thejaswini TV, Prabhakaran D et al (2015) Enhanced photo-catalytic activity of Sr and Ag co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for the degradation of direct green-6 and reactive blue-160 under UV and visible light. Spectrochim Acta A 149:571–579CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Subramanian V, Wolf EE, Kamat PV (2004) Catalysis with TiO2@gold nanocomposites. Effect of metal particle size on the fermi level equilibration. J Am Chem Soc 126:4943–4950CrossRef Subramanian V, Wolf EE, Kamat PV (2004) Catalysis with TiO2@gold nanocomposites. Effect of metal particle size on the fermi level equilibration. J Am Chem Soc 126:4943–4950CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Harifi T, Montazer M (2015) A robust super-paramagnetic TiO2:Fe3O4: Ag nanocomposite with enhanced photo and bio activities on polyester fabric via one step sonosynthesis. Ultrason Sonchem 27:543–551CrossRef Harifi T, Montazer M (2015) A robust super-paramagnetic TiO2:Fe3O4: Ag nanocomposite with enhanced photo and bio activities on polyester fabric via one step sonosynthesis. Ultrason Sonchem 27:543–551CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Deng H, Li XL, Peng Q et al (2005) Monodisperse magnetic single-crystal ferrite microspheres. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:2782–2785CrossRef Deng H, Li XL, Peng Q et al (2005) Monodisperse magnetic single-crystal ferrite microspheres. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:2782–2785CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Deng YH, Deng CH, Qi DW et al (2009) Synthesis of core/shell colloidal magnetic zeolite microspheres for the immobilization of trypsin. Adv Mater 21:1377–1382CrossRef Deng YH, Deng CH, Qi DW et al (2009) Synthesis of core/shell colloidal magnetic zeolite microspheres for the immobilization of trypsin. Adv Mater 21:1377–1382CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Deng YH, Qi DW, Deng CH, Zhang XM, Zhao DY (2008) Superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell for removal of microcystins. J Am Chem Soc 130:28–29CrossRef Deng YH, Qi DW, Deng CH, Zhang XM, Zhao DY (2008) Superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell for removal of microcystins. J Am Chem Soc 130:28–29CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Yu XX, Liu SW, Yu JG (2011) Superparamagnetic γ–Fe2O3@SiO2@TiO2 composite microspheres with superior photocatalytic properties. Appl Catal B 104:12–20CrossRef Yu XX, Liu SW, Yu JG (2011) Superparamagnetic γ–Fe2O3@SiO2@TiO2 composite microspheres with superior photocatalytic properties. Appl Catal B 104:12–20CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Dou YP, Liu HL, Peng JJ et al (2016) A green method for preparation of CNT/CS/AgNP composites and evaluation of their catalytic performance. J Mater Sci 51:5685–5694CrossRef Dou YP, Liu HL, Peng JJ et al (2016) A green method for preparation of CNT/CS/AgNP composites and evaluation of their catalytic performance. J Mater Sci 51:5685–5694CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Qin YY, Li YL, Tian Z et al (2016) Efficiently visible-light driven photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of As (III) at low positive biasing using Pt/TiO2 nanotube electrode. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:32–45CrossRef Qin YY, Li YL, Tian Z et al (2016) Efficiently visible-light driven photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of As (III) at low positive biasing using Pt/TiO2 nanotube electrode. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:32–45CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Pandikumar A, Murugesan S, Ramaraj R (2010) Functionalized silicate sol-gel-supported TiO2-Au core-shell nanomaterials and their photoelectrocatalytic activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:1912–1917CrossRef Pandikumar A, Murugesan S, Ramaraj R (2010) Functionalized silicate sol-gel-supported TiO2-Au core-shell nanomaterials and their photoelectrocatalytic activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:1912–1917CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Chi Y, Yuan Q, Li YJ et al (2013) Magnetically separable Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2–Ag microspheres with well-designed nanostructure and enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 262:404–411CrossRef Chi Y, Yuan Q, Li YJ et al (2013) Magnetically separable Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2–Ag microspheres with well-designed nanostructure and enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 262:404–411CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Li X, Liu D, Song S, Zhang H (2014) Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@Pt hierarchical core-shell microspheres: controlled synthesis, enhanced degradation system, and rapid magnetic separation to recycle. Cryst Growth Des 14:5506–5511CrossRef Li X, Liu D, Song S, Zhang H (2014) Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@Pt hierarchical core-shell microspheres: controlled synthesis, enhanced degradation system, and rapid magnetic separation to recycle. Cryst Growth Des 14:5506–5511CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Ma WF, Zhang Y, Li LL et al (2012) Tailor-made magnetic Fe3O4@mTiO2 microspheres with a tunable mesoporous anatase shell for highly selective and effective enrichment of phosphopeptides. ACS Nano 6:3179–3188CrossRef Ma WF, Zhang Y, Li LL et al (2012) Tailor-made magnetic Fe3O4@mTiO2 microspheres with a tunable mesoporous anatase shell for highly selective and effective enrichment of phosphopeptides. ACS Nano 6:3179–3188CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Zhu SY, Liang SJ, Gu Q et al (2012) Effect of Au supported TiO2 with dominant exposed 001 facets on the visible-light photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B 119–120:146–155CrossRef Zhu SY, Liang SJ, Gu Q et al (2012) Effect of Au supported TiO2 with dominant exposed 001 facets on the visible-light photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B 119–120:146–155CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Kruse N, Chenakin S (2011) XPS characterization of Au/TiO2 catalysts: binding energy assessment and irradiation effects. Appl Catal A 391:367–376CrossRef Kruse N, Chenakin S (2011) XPS characterization of Au/TiO2 catalysts: binding energy assessment and irradiation effects. Appl Catal A 391:367–376CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Okazaki K, Ichikawa S, Maeda Y, Haruta M, Kohyama M (2005) Electronic structures of Au supported on TiO2. Appl Catal A 291:45–54CrossRef Okazaki K, Ichikawa S, Maeda Y, Haruta M, Kohyama M (2005) Electronic structures of Au supported on TiO2. Appl Catal A 291:45–54CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Vijay A, Mills G, Metiu H (2003) Adsorption of gold on stoichiometric and reduced rutile TiO2 (110) surfaces. J Chem Phys 118:6536–6551CrossRef Vijay A, Mills G, Metiu H (2003) Adsorption of gold on stoichiometric and reduced rutile TiO2 (110) surfaces. J Chem Phys 118:6536–6551CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Kruk M, Jaroniec M (2001) Gas adsorption characterization of ordered organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials. Chem Mater 13:3169–3183CrossRef Kruk M, Jaroniec M (2001) Gas adsorption characterization of ordered organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials. Chem Mater 13:3169–3183CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Yu JG, Yu JC, Leung MK et al (2003) Effects of acidic and basic hydrolysis catalysts on the photocatalytic activity and microstructures of bimodal mesoporous titania. J Catal 217:69–78 Yu JG, Yu JC, Leung MK et al (2003) Effects of acidic and basic hydrolysis catalysts on the photocatalytic activity and microstructures of bimodal mesoporous titania. J Catal 217:69–78
33.
go back to reference Yu JG, Yu JC, Ho WK et al (2003) Effects of alcohol content and calcination temperature on the textural properties of bimodally mesoporous titania. Appl Catal A 255:309–320CrossRef Yu JG, Yu JC, Ho WK et al (2003) Effects of alcohol content and calcination temperature on the textural properties of bimodally mesoporous titania. Appl Catal A 255:309–320CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Liu SW, Yu JG, Jaroniec M (2010) Tunable photocatalytic selectivity of hollow TiO2 microspheres composed of anatase polyhedra with exposed 001 facets. J Am Chem Soc 132:11914–11916CrossRef Liu SW, Yu JG, Jaroniec M (2010) Tunable photocatalytic selectivity of hollow TiO2 microspheres composed of anatase polyhedra with exposed 001 facets. J Am Chem Soc 132:11914–11916CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Yu JG, Wang B (2010) Effect of calcination temperature on morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of anodized titanium dioxide nanotube arrays. Appl Catal B 94:295–302CrossRef Yu JG, Wang B (2010) Effect of calcination temperature on morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of anodized titanium dioxide nanotube arrays. Appl Catal B 94:295–302CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Yu JG, Yu HG, Cheng B et al (2003) The effect of calcination temperature on the surface microstructure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films prepared by liquid phase deposition. J Phys Chem B 107:13871–13879CrossRef Yu JG, Yu HG, Cheng B et al (2003) The effect of calcination temperature on the surface microstructure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films prepared by liquid phase deposition. J Phys Chem B 107:13871–13879CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Zhou MH, Yu JG, Liu SW et al (2009) Spray-hydrolytic synthesis of highly photoactive mesoporous anatase nanospheres for the photocatalytic degradation of toluene in air. Appl Catal B 89:160–166CrossRef Zhou MH, Yu JG, Liu SW et al (2009) Spray-hydrolytic synthesis of highly photoactive mesoporous anatase nanospheres for the photocatalytic degradation of toluene in air. Appl Catal B 89:160–166CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Liao G, Chen S, Quan X, Zhang Y, Zhao H (2011) Remarkable improvement of visible light photocatalysis with PANI modified core-shell mesoporous TiO2 microspheres. Appl Catal B 102:126–131CrossRef Liao G, Chen S, Quan X, Zhang Y, Zhao H (2011) Remarkable improvement of visible light photocatalysis with PANI modified core-shell mesoporous TiO2 microspheres. Appl Catal B 102:126–131CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Yang WG, Wan FR, Chen QW, Li JJ, Xu DS (2010) Controlling synthesis of well-crystallized mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with ultrahigh surface area for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mater Chem 20:2870–2876CrossRef Yang WG, Wan FR, Chen QW, Li JJ, Xu DS (2010) Controlling synthesis of well-crystallized mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with ultrahigh surface area for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mater Chem 20:2870–2876CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Hagfeldt A, Gräetzel M (1995) Light-induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems. Chem Rev 95:49–68CrossRef Hagfeldt A, Gräetzel M (1995) Light-induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems. Chem Rev 95:49–68CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Kamat PV (2008) Quantum dot solar cells. Semiconductor nanocrystals as light harvesters. J Phys Chem C 112:18737–18753CrossRef Kamat PV (2008) Quantum dot solar cells. Semiconductor nanocrystals as light harvesters. J Phys Chem C 112:18737–18753CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Mwaura JK, Zhao XY, Jiang H, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR (2006) Spectral broadening in nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells based on poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) and polythiophene sensitizers. Chem Mater 18:6109–6111CrossRef Mwaura JK, Zhao XY, Jiang H, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR (2006) Spectral broadening in nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells based on poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) and polythiophene sensitizers. Chem Mater 18:6109–6111CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Beydoun D, Ama R, Low GKC, Mcevoy S (2000) Novel photocatalyst: titania-coated magnetite. Activity and photodissolution. J Phys Chem B 104:4387–4396CrossRef Beydoun D, Ama R, Low GKC, Mcevoy S (2000) Novel photocatalyst: titania-coated magnetite. Activity and photodissolution. J Phys Chem B 104:4387–4396CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Pearson A, Bhargava SK, Bansal V (2011) UV-switchable polyoxometalate sandwiched between TiO2 and metal nanoparticles for enhanced visible and solar light photococatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 27:9245–9252 Pearson A, Bhargava SK, Bansal V (2011) UV-switchable polyoxometalate sandwiched between TiO2 and metal nanoparticles for enhanced visible and solar light photococatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 27:9245–9252
Metadata
Title
Preparation of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2–Au spheres with well-designed microstructure and superior photocatalytic activity
Authors
Dandan Wang
Jinghai Yang
Xiuyan Li
Hongju Zhai
Jihui Lang
Hang Song
Publication date
13-07-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 21/2016
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0167-2

Other articles of this Issue 21/2016

Journal of Materials Science 21/2016 Go to the issue

Premium Partners