Productivity of Corn on the Background of Various Doses of Mineral Fertilizers in the South of the Amur Region

In conditions of field experience in 2014–2017, 2019, 2020 studies carried out to study the effect of mineral fertilizers on agrochemical and biochemical parameters of the soil, as well as their effect on the yield of green mass and corn grain in the south of the Amur region. The use of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers not only provides the culture with nutrients throughout the growing season, but also contributes to an increase in the content of mineral nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the 0–20 cm layer of meadow chernozem-like soil. The accumulation of nitrogen in the soil after cultivation corn, depending on the dose, was 2.1–14.0 mg/kg of soil, to a higher extent in the variant N₁₂₀P₆₀. Doses of mineral fertilizers N₆₀P₆₀ and N₁₂₀P₆₀ increased the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil by 18.8–93.5%. The application of low (N₃₀P₃₀) and high (N₁₂₀P₆₀) doses of mineral fertilizers increased the activity of soil urease during the entire growing season of corn. Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, especially at a dose of N₁₂₀P₆₀, increased the phosphatase activity in the soil under corn crops. The corn yield depended on weather conditions and the dose of mineral fertilizers. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield of green mass (62.1 t/ha) was observed at N₃₀P₃₀ + N₂₀, grain yield (8.20 t/ha) – at N₆₀P₃₀.