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2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Propagation-Impairments Modelling and Fade-Mitigation Techniques for Earth-Satellite Links

Authors : Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat

Published in: Site Diversity in Satellite Communications

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

To increase the capacity of satellite-communication systems and thus meet the requirements for high data rates, frequencies above the Ku band must be utilised. Today, many commercial satellite-communication systems operate in the Ka band, while in the near future some of them will operate in the higher Q/V and W bands. At high carrier frequency bands, atmospheric impairments affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves on Earth-satellite links, so those impairments must be considered in the system’s design. Precipitation (especially rain), oxygen, water vapour, clouds, and fog cause attenuation of the signal’s power; tropospheric turbulence causes rapid fluctuations of the signal’s amplitude (known as scintillation); and precipitation, especially ice and rain, causes depolarisation of the signal. Among the various atmospheric phenomena, rain is the most dominant factor affecting fading. This chapter looks at atmospheric effects and their statistics. Fade-mitigation techniques, with an emphasis on site-diversity techniques, which are mostly designed to counteract the severe impairments of the signal caused by rain, are explained and compared. The chapter concludes with a discussion of site-diversity performance, usually expressed as the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of the combined satellite-channel attenuation.

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next chapter Earth-Satellite Propagation Experiments and Statistical Analyses

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Title: Propagation-Impairments Modelling and Fade-Mitigation Techniques for Earth-Satellite Links
Authors: Arsim Kelmendi
Aleš Švigelj
Tomaž Javornik
Andrej Hrovat
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Book: Site Diversity in Satellite Communications
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-26273-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-26274-6

Copyright Year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26274-6_2