Top

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Published in:

23-11-2023 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Research on the process of carbon thermal reduction for recovery and resynthesis of LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂

Authors: Junjie Wang, Xiaomin You, Xuefeng She, Qingguo Xue

Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management | Issue 1/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

In this paper, a process route for the recovery and resynthesis of spent ternary lithium battery cathode materials was proposed, combined with the recovery process of hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. The results showed that LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (NCM622) could be completely decomposed into a mixture of Co, Ni, MnO and Li₂CO₃ by carbothermal reduction roasting process at 650 °C, graphite content of 14% and roasting time of 2 h. The roasted product was subjected to carbonation water leaching at a liquid–solid ratio of 30 ml/g at 20 °C for 60 min to achieve a lithium-leaching rate of 93.33%. For the obtained water-leaching residue, the leaching rate of Mn, Co and Ni could reach 96.63%, 95.57% and 94.22%, respectively, by acid leaching with 3 mol/l H₂SO₄ at 10 ml/g liquid–solid ratio. Subsequently, the mixed sulfate solution was used to prepare the precursor by co-precipitation method, and then a ternary cathode material could be synthesized by solid-phase sintering with Li₂CO₃. The electrochemical test of the resynthesized cathode material was carried out. The initial discharge specific capacity was 175.2 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate was 91.60% after 100 cycles. The excellent performance shown by the cathode material verifies the feasibility of this recycling method.

previous article Sustainable composite cement prepared by two different types of iron slag

next article Isolation and characterization of highly active keratinolytic microorganisms with promising potential for waste sheep wool processing

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Fan E, Li L, Wang Z, Lin J, Huang Y, Yao Y, Chen R, Wu F (2020) Sustainable recycling technology for Li-ion batteries and beyond: challenges and future prospects. Chem Rev 120(14):7020–7063. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00535CrossRef

Amici J, Asinari P, Ayerbe E, Barboux P, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Behm RJ, Berecibar M, Berg E, Bhowmik A, Bodoardo S, Castelli IE, Cekic-Laskovic I, Christensen R, Clark S, Diehm R, Dominko R, Fichtner M, Franco AA, Grimaud A, Guillet N, Hahlin M, Hartmann S, Heiries V, Hermansson K, Heuer A, Jana S, Jabbour L, Kallo J, Latz A, Lorrmann H, Martin Løvvik O, Lyonnard S, Meeus M, Paillard E, Perraud S, Placke T, Punckt C, Raccurt O, Ruhland J, Sheridan E, Stein H, Tarascon J-M, Trapp V, Vegge T, Weil M, Wenzel W, Winter M, Wolf A (2022) A roadmap for transforming research to invent the batteries of the future designed within the European Large Scale Research Initiative BATTERY 2030+. Adv Energy Mater 12(17):2102785–2102793. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102785CrossRef

Hu S, He S, Jiang X, Wu M, Wang P, Li L (2021) Forecast and suggestions on the demand of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese resources in China’s new energy automobile industry. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 769(4):042018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/769/4/042018CrossRef

Guo Y, Liao X, Huang P, Lou P, Su Y, Hong X, Han Q, Yu R, Cao Y-C, Chen S (2021) High reversibility of layered oxide cathode enabled by direct re-generation. Energy Storage Mater 43:348–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.09.016CrossRef

Guo Y, Li F, Zhu H, Li G, Huang J, He W (2016) Leaching lithium from the anode electrode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries by hydrochloric acid (HCl). Waste Manage 51:227–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.036CrossRef

Yano J, Xu G, Liu H, Toyoguchi T, Iwasawa H, Sakai S (2019) Resource and toxic characterization in end-of-life vehicles through dismantling survey. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 21(6):1488–1504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00902-9CrossRef

Tong L (2016) New energy vehicle waste lithium battery environmental hazards and treatment methods. Resour Econ Environ 8:67–71. https://doi.org/10.16317/j.cnki.12-1377/x.2016.08.054CrossRef

Zhang W, Xu C, He W, Li G, Huang J (2018) A review on management of spent lithium ion batteries and strategy for resource recycling of all components from them. Waste Manage Res 36(2):99–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17744655CrossRef

Barik SP, Prabaharan G, Kumar B (2016) An innovative approach to recover the metal values from spent lithium-ion batteries. Waste Manage 51:222–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.004CrossRef

10.

Takacova Z, Havlik T, Kukurugya F, Orac D (2016) Cobalt and lithium recovery from active mass of spent Li-ion batteries: theoretical and experimental approach. Hydrometallurgy 163:9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.03.007CrossRef

11.

Chu S, Cui Y, Liu N (2017) The path towards sustainable energy. Nat Mater 16(1):16–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4834CrossRef

12.

Hu J, Zhang J, Li H, Chen Y, Wang C (2017) A promising approach for the recovery of high value-added metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 351:192–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.093CrossRef

13.

Joulié M, Laucournet R, Billy E (2014) Hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of high value metals from spent lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide based lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 247:551–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.128CrossRef

14.

Tang H, Tan F, Dai X, Qiao Y, Zheng X (2020) Comprehensive recovery of mixed spent of LiNi_xCo_yMn_(1–x−y)O₂ and LiFePO₄. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 22(6):1734–1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01059-6CrossRef

15.

Wang W-Y, Yen CH, Lin J-L, Xu R-B (2019) Recovery of high-purity metallic cobalt from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC)-type Li-ion battery. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 21(2):300–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-018-0790-xCrossRef

16.

Gu F, Guo J, Yao X, Summers PA, Widijatmoko SD, Hall P (2017) An investigation of the current status of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries from consumer electronics in China. J Clean Prod 161:765–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.181CrossRef

17.

Sun L, Qiu K (2011) Vacuum pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. J Hazard Mater 194:378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.114CrossRef

18.

Massé RC, Uchaker E, Cao G (2015) Beyond Li-ion: Electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries. Sci China Mater 58(9):715–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-015-0084-8CrossRef

19.

Huang B, Yang J, Li Y, Xiao S, Chen Q (2018) Carbon encapsulated Sn-Co alloy: a stabilized tin-based material for sodium storage. Mater Lett 210:321–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.09.055CrossRef

20.

Zhu X, Xiao J, Mao Q, Zhang Z, You Z, Tang L, Zhong Q (2022) A promising regeneration of waste carbon residue from spent Lithium-ion batteries via low-temperature fluorination roasting and water leaching. Chem Eng J 430:132703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132703CrossRef

21.

Li J, Wang G, Xu Z (2016) Environmentally-friendly oxygen-free roasting/wet magnetic separation technology for in situ recycling cobalt, lithium carbonate and graphite from spent LiCoO₂/graphite lithium batteries. J Hazard Mater 302:97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.050CrossRef

22.

Xiao J, Li J, Xu Z (2017) Novel approach for in situ recovery of lithium carbonate from spent lithium ion batteries using vacuum metallurgy. Environ Sci Technol 51(20):11960–11966. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02561CrossRef

23.

Lombardo G, Ebin B, St J, Foreman MR, Steenari B-M, Petranikova M (2019) Chemical transformations in Li-ion battery electrode materials by carbothermic reduction. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7(16):13668–13679. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06540CrossRef

24.

Tang Y, Xie H, Zhang B, Chen X, Zhao Z, Qu J, Xing P, Yin H (2019) Recovery and regeneration of LiCoO₂-based spent lithium-ion batteries by a carbothermic reduction vacuum pyrolysis approach: controlling the recovery of CoO or Co. Waste Manage 97:140–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.004CrossRef

25.

Yao L, Feng Y, Xi G (2015) A new method for the synthesis of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ from waste lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 5(55):44107–44114. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA16390GCrossRef

26.

Yang Y, Huang G, Xie M, Xu S, He Y (2016) Synthesis and performance of spherical LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂ regenerated from nickel and cobalt scraps. Hydrometallurgy 165:358–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.11.015CrossRef

27.

Mao J, Li J, Xu Z (2018) Coupling reactions and collapsing model in the roasting process of recycling metals from LiCoO₂ batteries. J Clean Prod 205:923–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.098CrossRef

28.

Guo X, Cao X, Huang G, Tian Q, Sun H (2017) Recovery of lithium from the effluent obtained in the process of spent lithium-ion batteries recycling. J Environ Manage 198:84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.062CrossRef

29.

Sasai R, Fujimura T, Uesugi R, Aketo T, Komatsu K (2023) Eco-friendly recovery process of lithium from reduction roasting residue powder based on hydrothermal extraction. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 25(1):389–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01546-yCrossRef

30.

Wang L, He XM, Gao J, Li JJ, Jiang CY (2018) Manufacturing method for cathode materials of Li-ion batteries. Energy Storage Sci Technol 7(5):888–896

31.

Xu QJ, Zhou LZ, Liu MS, Pan HT, Deng XQ (2012) Research progress in cathode material of Li-Ni-Co-Mn-O for lithium ion battery. J Shanghai Univ Electr Power 28(2):143–148

32.

Cho TH, Park SM, Yoshio M, Hirai T, Hideshima Y (2005) Effect of synthesis condition on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3]O₂ prepared by carbonate co-precipitation method. J Power Sources 142(1):306–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.10.016CrossRef

33.

Zhang C, Yang P, Dai X, Xiong X, Zhan J, Zhang Y (2009) Synthesis of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode material via oxalate precursor. Trans Nonferr Met Soc China 19(3):635–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60325-8CrossRef

34.

Yang Y, Xu SM, Weng YQ, Huang GY, Li LY (2013) Preparation and characterization of xLi₂MnO₃·(1-x)Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂(x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6) cathode materials synthesized by hydroxide co-precipitation method. J Funct Mater 44(19):2878–2881+2887

35.

Zhang Y, Wang W, Fang Q, Xu S (2020) improved recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by efficient reduction roasting and facile acid leaching. Waste Manage 102:847–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.045CrossRef

36.

Liu P, Xiao L, Tang Y, Chen Y, Ye L, Zhu Y (2019) Study on the reduction roasting of spent LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO₂ lithium-ion battery cathode materials. J Therm Anal Calorim 136:1323–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7732-7CrossRef

37.

Cherkashinin G, Motzko M, Schulz N, Späth T, Jaegermann W (2015) Electron spectroscopy study of Li[Ni Co, Mn]_O2/electrolyte interface: electronic structure, interface composition, and device implications. Chem Mater 27(8):2875–2887. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5047534CrossRef

38.

Winter M, Barnett B, Xu K (2018) Before Li ion batteries. Chem Rev 118(23):11433–11456. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00422CrossRef

39.

Duan J, Hu G, Cao Y, Tan C, Wu C, Du K, Peng Z (2016) Enhanced electrochemical performance and storage property of LiNi_0.815Co_0.15Al_0.035O₂ via Al gradient doping. J Power Sources 326:322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.008CrossRef

Title: Research on the process of carbon thermal reduction for recovery and resynthesis of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2
Authors: Junjie Wang
Xiaomin You
Xuefeng She
Qingguo Xue
Publication date: 23-11-2023
Publisher: Springer Japan
Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1438-4957
Electronic ISSN: 1611-8227
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01835-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

The effect of waste degradation on landfill gas production in field-scale of bioreactor landfill

Addition of coco coir and rice hull ash improves the quality of seedling substrate based on green waste compost for Cucurbitaceae vegetable seedlings

Sustainable composite cement prepared by two different types of iron slag

Sustainable next-generation single-component geopolymer binders: a review of mechano-chemical behaviour and life-cycle cost analysis

From waste to wealth: exploring modern composting innovations and compost valorization

Treatment and recycling of spent lithium-based batteries: a review