Rhythmic Oscillations in Proteins to Human Cognition

This chapter represents review of our work on Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which proposes that certain resonant rhythms are critical for protein and DNA/RNA macromolecular biological functions. These macromolecules express their biological function through selective interactions with their target molecules. We have discovered, within the RRM model, that these selective interactions are based on resonant electromagnetic energy transfer between interacting molecules. The RRM enables frequencies (wavelengths) of this energy transfer to be identified, which then can be applied for design of de novo bioactive peptides with desired biological function or to influence biological functions with either electromagnetic radiation of specific frequency (wavelength) or with conductive elements like titanium salt or nanophotonic particles. All these RRM applications can be used in pharmacology, drug design, treatment of diseases, agriculture or even in electronics. The RRM approach is completely changing the paradigm of understanding the specificity of macromolecular activity and interactions, and as such is opening completely new future horizons for science.

Time is an effective concept generated by the development of human natural languages and reinforced by its practical success when used to simplify the description of macroscopic bodies. After the advent of the scientific method, time has occupied a formal role started by the laws of classical dynamics. It has led to the concept of causality by combining it with the principle of induction. At a fundamental level, the extension of such concept out of the natural language to foundations of physics generates tautologies, paradoxes, contradictions, and it limits the ultimate comprehension of nature. I show that even the operative definition of time based on a pair of atomic clocks is a tautology which could be circumvented by using only space-related concepts. On the other hand, using time is not a necessary requirement to describe dynamics, for instance, by the Hamiltonian formalism. Indeed, by applying a variational principle, a natural timeless parametrization of the trajectory in the phase space arises. I show how to fill the gap by the timelessness of fundamental physics by replacing the concept of periodicity in time with cyclicity in the phase space. The connection is completed by defining subsystems acting as generalized clocks with respect to which the description of dynamics of the other subsystems becomes simple.

To find out whether neuronal microtubules could translate and input the information carried by electric signals entering into the brain cortex, a detailed investigation of the local electromagnetic field structure is performed. The electric and magnetic field strengths in different neuronal compartments, including dendrites, soma, and axons, are assessed from reported electrophysiological measurements. The results show that the magnetic field is too weak to input information to microtubules and cannot support quantum Hall effect. Because the magnetic flux density of individual electric spikes is 3 orders of magnitude weaker than Earth’s magnetic field, any information encoded in the magnetic signal will be suffocated by the surrounding noise. In contrast, the electric field carries biologically important information and acts upon transmembrane voltage-gated ion channels that govern the generation of neuronal action potentials. If the human mind is supported by subneuronal processing of information in the brain microtubules, then the microtubule interaction with the local electric field has to be the main source for input of sensory information. The intensity of the electric field inside the neuronal cytosol, however, is less than 500 V m^-1, which rules out any electric sensitivity of putative ferroelectric microtubules. Although the tubulin C-terminal tails are promising candidates for substrates that are both sensitive to electric signals and possess biologically useful intraneuronal functions, they lack physical means to affect back the electric output of neurons. Thus, voltage-gated ion channels incorporated into the neuronal plasma membranes appear to be best suited to support consciousness since they remain the only known biomolecular substrates that are capable of inputting, processing and outputting of electric signals.

A breaking of translational symmetry in time generates ‘time crystal’, wherein the structural units get repeated against both time and space simultaneously to create a clocking topology. This chapter will retrospect the patterns and other physical properties of various single or nested catalytic cycles and present their way of transformation into time crystals. Considering each individual chemical reaction inside a catalytic reaction cycle as a single event, we can connect the events by time-consuming intermediate states to convert a catalytic cycle into a time crystal. Finally, a newly conceptualized time crystal engineering approach is employed here to selectively promote one of the certain reaction products from a catalytic reaction cycle.

The concept of quantum artificial intelligence (QAI) combines the machine learning methods and the ideas of quantum information processing, which enables an exponential quantum acceleration of the learning and the recognition processes thanks to the quantum parallelism of information processing. In this contribution, we consider both the results in quantum generalization of the machine learning methods, and the existing experimental implementations of quantum neural networks (QNN), also known as adiabatic quantum computers, made on SQUID magnetic flux qubits or optical devices. We also consider the recent progress of artificial intelligence due to the flourish of deep learning methods and their quantum generalizations related to feature extraction in Hilbert spaces. While the present commercial implementations of quantum neural networks made on SQUIDs operate at extremely low temperatures, less than 0.1 K, the construction of future portable QAI devices, operating at room temperature, implies the use of open quantum system theory, where the interaction with fluctuating environment is essential. The relevance of the quantum information processing by open quantum system to real work of the brain is discussed.

In this chapter, we study the dynamics of a network of delayed Wilson–Cowan (WC) masses. We begin by analysing a single WC mass without delay, using numerical simulations and tools from numerical bifurcation theory to interrogate its dynamical behaviour under variation of important system parameters. We then briefly review the necessary prerequisites in network science before considering some of the ways in which delay differential equations differ from ordinary differential equations. Next we extend our analysis of the undelayed system to the case of a WC mass with two distinct discrete delays before reviewing some recent results from the literature. The chapter then moves on to study the effect that network structure has on the WC dynamics in the presence of both intra- and internodal delays. Deploying both artificial and experimental network structures, we find that network structure, coupled with delay times, can have both a regularising and deregularising effect, depending upon the overall strength of network coupling. Importantly, these results suggest that the presence of delays in a weakly coupled system provides a mechanism for avoiding undesirable (disordered) states, whilst still allowing the system to retain a sufficiently rich repertoire of network behaviours.

In this chapter, we postulate an integral concept of information processing in the universe, on the basis of a new biophysical principle, coined the generalized music (GM)-scale of EMF frequencies. Meta-analyses of current biomedical literature revealed the presence of a distinct pattern of discrete EMF frequency bands in a wide range of animate and non-animate systems. The underlying algorithm of harmonic solitonic waves provided a novel conceptual interface between living and non-living systems being of relevance for the areas of brain research as well as biological evolution. We hold that nature is guided by resonating quantum entities related to quantum vacuum fluctuations of an imminent zero-point energy (ZPE) field, also regarded as a superfluid quantum space (SQS). Since the whole human organism, including the brain is embedded in this dynamic energy field, a pilot wave guided supervenience of brain function is conceived. Conversely, the brain may write discrete informational states into the ZPE field as individual memory traces. Both information fluxes may be related to a holofractal memory workspace, associated with, but not reducible to the brain, that operates as a scale-invariant mental attribute of reality. Our concept, therefore, addresses the earlier postulated “hard problem” in consciousness studies. The proposed field-receptive workspace, integrates past and (anticipated) future events and may explain overall ultra-rapid brain responses as well as the origin of qualia. Information processing in the brain is shown to be largely facilitated by propagation of hydronium (proton/water) ions in aqueous compartments. The hydronium ions move freely within a hexagonally organized H₂O lattice, providing a superconductive integral brain antenna for receiving solitonic wave information according to the Schrödinger wave equation. The latter quantum process enables an ultra-rapid soliton/biophoton flux that may orchestrate overall brain binding and the creation of coherent conscious states. In a cosmological context, we envision a scale-invariant information processing, operating through a toroidal/wormhole operator at the interface of our 4D world and acoustic phase space. We submit that the resulting meta-language is instrumental in a partially guided evolution and the creation of first life. The central message provided here describes intrinsic cosmic connectivity that is mirrored in the human brain. This implies that sentience exists on infinite scales, on the basis of an electromagnetic signature of the universe which reveals a musical master code.