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Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials: Relevance in Design and Manufacturing Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Robotics: History, Trends, and Future Directions

Authors : Shyamanta M. Hazarika, Uday Shanker Dixit

Published in: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In this chapter, the history of robotics is traced. The emphasis is on highlighting significant moments in robotics history that had far-reaching consequences on the field. A brief presentation of the technical intricacies is followed by highlight of the recent trends. The chapter finally dwells on the direction robotics is surging and poised to change the world in more things than one could possibly imagine.

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Glossary
Actuators
Actuators are the devices that convert some form of energy to mechanical energy.
Automaton
It is a technique to automatically perform a number of functions following a predetermined sequence of operations.
Biomimetics
Biomimetics is the creation of new materials, devices, and systems based on the concepts and principles derived from the nature.
Degrees of freedom
Degrees of freedom are the number of independent movements of an object in a 3-D space.
End-effector
Robot end-effector is a generic term to refer to the device attached at the distal end of a robotic manipulator. It is with the end-effector that the robot interacts with the environment.
Exteroceptor
Exteroceptors are sensors that provide information on the conditions of a body vis-à-vis the environment.
Forward Kinematics
Forward kinematics is the problem of computing the position and orientation of the end-effector given the set of joint angles.
Humanoid
A Humanoid is a machine that resembles and possesses the characteristics of a human.
Internet of Things
It is a network of Internet-connected physical entities such as objects and devices.
Inverse kinematics
Inverse kinematics deals with computing all possible sets of joint angles to attain a prescribed position and orientation of the end-effector.
Kinematics
Kinematics is the branch of dynamics that studies position, velocity, acceleration, and other higher order derivatives of the position variables without considering forces causing these effects.
Manipulator
A robotic manipulator is a chain of links with controllable joints that enables placement of end-effectors in any position and orientation within the workspace.
Path
Path is a sequence of robot configurations in a particular order without regard to the timing of these configurations.
Proprioceptor
Proprioceptors are sensors that provide information on the internal conditions of a body.
Rehabilitation robotics
It refers to application of robotic technologies in therapeutic procedures for augmenting rehabilitation.
Robot
A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices for the performance of a variety of tasks.
Singularities
A matrix called the Jacobian of the manipulator specifies a mapping from velocities in joint space to velocities in Cartesian space. Points at which this mapping is not invertible are called singularities.
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells or the redesign of existing biological systems.
Trajectory
It is a path that a moving object follows as a function of time.
Transducer
Transducer is a device that transforms a physical quantity into the form of an electrical signal or vice versa.
Workspace
It is the region of space in which the end-effector can attain any desired position and orientation.
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Metadata
Title
Robotics: History, Trends, and Future Directions
Authors
Shyamanta M. Hazarika
Uday Shanker Dixit
Copyright Year
2018
Book
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-78487-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-78488-5

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78488-5_7

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