Top

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment

Published in:

22-11-2017 | Original Paper

Sensitivity analysis of shallow planar landslides in residual soils on south Pennine hillslopes, Derbyshire, UK

Author: Martin Cross

Published in: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment | Issue 3/2019

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Rainfall-induced shallow planar landslides on residual soil slopes are common mass movement processes on the southern Pennine slopes of Derbyshire, UK. They can be densely distributed across the region following intense rainfall events, frequently causing damage to infrastructure. This paper considers the results of slope stability sensitivity analyses using a simplistic Infinite Slope Stability Analysis (ISSA) model in shallow residual soils on the south Pennine hillslopes in Derbyshire. The results of the sensitivity analyses demonstrate how the factor of safety against shallow planar sliding changes as one geotechnical parameter is varied. An awareness of the variables involved in shallow planar translational landslides along with the knowledge of critical thresholds of certain geotechnical parameters establishes a basic context which assists the geotechnical engineer in the selection of key variables and making the correct engineering decisions in terms of remedial stabilisation solutions. The simple ISSA model used has limitations and recommendations are provided for improved field investigation methodology and modification of the simplistic ISSA model.

previous article Estimation of embankment settlement caused by deterioration of soft rock grains

next article Numerical evaluation of topographic effects on seismic response of single-faced rock slopes

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Aboshi H (1979) Failure of granite slopes in Chugoku District under heavy rain: shearing strength at failure. Nat Disaster Sci 1:77–87

Al-Dabbagh TH, Cripps JC (1987) Data sources for planning: geomorphological mapping of landslides in north-east Derbyshire. In: Culshaw MG, Bell FG, Cripps IC, O’Hara M (eds.) Planning and engineering geology. Geological Society of London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 101–114

Anderson MG, Pope RG (1984) The incorporation of soil water physics models in geotechnical studies of landslide behaviour, vol 4. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Landslides, Toronto, pp 349–354

Anderson MG, Richards KS (1981) Geomorphological aspects of slopes in mudrocks of the United Kingdom. Q J Eng Geol Hydrogeol 14:363–372CrossRef

Anderson MG, Richards KG, Kneale PE (1980) The role of stability analysis in the interpretation of the evolution of threshold slopes. Trans Inst Br Geogr New Series 5:100–112CrossRef

Askarinejad A Casini F Kienzler P Teysseire P Springman S (2010) Mountain risks: two case histories of landslides induced by artificial rainfall on steep slopes. Conf Mountain Risks: Bringing Science to Society, Florence, Italy, 24–26.11.10, 201–206

Au SWC (1998) Rain-induced slope stability in Hong Kong. Eng Geol 51(1):1–36CrossRef

Azarion JM, Azor A, Yesares J, Tsige M, Mateos MT, Nieto F, Delgado J, Chicano ML, Martin W, Fernandez JR (2010) Regional-scale high-plasticity clay-bearing formation as controlling factors on landslides in Southeast Spain. Geomorphology 120(1–2):26–37

Bordoni M, Meisina C, Valentino R, Lu N, Bitelli M, Chersich S (2015) Hydrological factors affecting rainfall-induced shallow landslides: from the field monitoring to a simplified slope stability analysis. Eng Geol 193:19–37CrossRef

Brand EW (1985) Predicting the performance of residual soil slopes. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, 12–16 August, Golden Jubilee Volume, pp 2541–2578

British Geological Survey (2016) BGS National Landslide Database. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/landslides/nld.html

Broennimann C, Tacher L (2009) Water related triggering mechanisms of shallow landslides: numerical modelling of hydraulic flows in slopes verified with field experiments. European Geosciences Union General Assembly, 19–24 April 2009, Vienna, Austria

Brook DN (2007) Impact of predicted climate change on landslide reactivation: case study of Mam tor, UK. Landslides 4:137–147CrossRef

Brooks SM, Richards KS, Anderson MG (1993) Approaches to the study of hillslope development due to mass movement. Prog Phys Geogr 17(1):32–49CrossRef

Campbell RH (1974) Debris flows originating from soil slips during rainstorms in southern California. Q J Eng Geol 7:339–349CrossRef

Carson MA, Petley D (1970) The existence of threshold hillslopes in the denudation of the landscape. Trans Inst Br Geogr 49:71–96CrossRef

Chandler RJ (1970) The degradation of Lias clay slopes in an area of the east midlands. Q J Eng Geol 2:161–181CrossRef

Chandler RJ (1972) Lias clay: weathering processes and their effect on shear strength. Geotechnique 22(3):403–431CrossRef

Chandler RJ (1973) The inclination of talus, arctic talus terraces, and other slopes composed of granular materials. J Geol 81:1–14CrossRef

Ching-Chuan H, Yih-Jang J, Lih-Kang H, Jin-Long L (2009) Internal soil moisture and piezometric response to rainfall-induced shallow slope failures. J Hydrol 370(1–4):39–51CrossRef

Chowdhury RN, Zhang S (1991) Tension cracks and slope failure. In: Chandler RJ, Bromhead EN, Geddes JD, RG MI, Walton G (eds) Slope stability engineering: developments and applications. ICE Thomas Telford, London, pp 27–31CrossRef

Collins BD, Znidarcic D (2004) Stability analyses of rainfall induced landslides. J Geotech Geoenv Eng 130(4):362–372CrossRef

Corominas J Moya J Hurlimann M (2002) Landslide rainfall triggers in the Spanish Eastern Pyrenees. Proc 4^th EGS Plinius Conf, Mallorca, Spain, October 2002

Cripps JC, Hird CC (1992) A guide to the landslip at Mam tor. Geoscientist 2(3):22–27

Cross M (2010) The use of an open-sided direct shear box for the determination of shear strength of shallow residual and colluvial soils on hillslopes in the south Pennines, Derbyshire. North West Geogr 10(2):8–18

Cross M (2011) Slope geomorphology and threshold slopes at callow Bank, Hathersage, Derbyshire. Mercian Geol 17(4):243–248

Dietrich WE, McKean JA, Bellugi DG, Perron JT (2007) The prediction of shallow landslide location and size using a multidimensional landslide analysis in a digital terrain model. Proc 4^th Int Conf Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Chengdu, China. IOS Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 10–13

Donnelly LJ, Northmore KN, Siddle H (2002) Block movements in the Pennines and South Wales and their association with landslides. Q J Eng Geol 35:33–39CrossRef

Doornkamp JC (1990) Landslides in Derbyshire. East Midlands Geogr 13:33–62

Duncan JM, Wright SG (2005) Soil strength and slope stability. John Wiley, London 297 pp

Early KR, Skempton AW (1972) Investigations of the landslide at Waltons wood, Staffordshire. Q J Eng Geol 5:19–41CrossRef

Fredlund D G (1987) Slope stability analysis incorporating the effect of soil suction. In: Anderson M G Richards K S (eds), Slope Stability, J. Wiley and Sons Ltd

Gariano SL, Guzzetti F (2016) Landslides in a changing climate. Earth-Sci Rev 162:227–252CrossRef

Godt JG, Baum RL, Chleborad AF (2006) Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA. Earth Surf Process Landf 31:97–110CrossRef

Godt J, Baum R, Lu N (2009) Landsliding in partially saturated materials. Geophys Res Lett 36:L02403CrossRef

Grainger P, Harris J (1986) Weathering and slope stability on upper carboniferous mudrocks in south-east England. Q J Eng Geol 19:155–173CrossRef

Hutchinson JN (1967) The free degradation of London clay cliffs. Proc Geot Conf Oslo 1:113–118

Hutchinson JN, Bhandari RK (1971) Undrained loading, a fundamental mechanism of mudflows and other mass movements. Geotechnique 21(4):353–358CrossRef

Irfan TY (1992) Mineralogical assessment of creep-type instability at two landslip sites. Geotechnical Engineering Office, Hong Kong

Iverson RM (2000) Landslide triggering by rain infiltration. Water Resour Res 207:59–82

Johnson RH (1980) Hillslope stability and landslide hazard: a case study from Longdendale, north Derbyshire, England. Proc Geol Assoc 91:315–325CrossRef

Johnson R H (1985) The geomorphology of North-west England. Manchester University Press, p372

Johnson RH, Vaughan RD (1983) The Alport castles, Derbyshire: a south Pennine slope and its geomorphic history. East Midland Geogr 8:79–88

Johnson RH, Vaughan RD (1989) The Cowms rocks landslide. Geol J 24:359–370CrossRef

Johnson RH, Walthall S (1979) The Longdendale landslides. Geology 14:135–158

Johnson RM, Warburton J (2003) Regional assessment of contemporary debris flow activity in Lake District mountain catchments, northern England: occurrence, scale and process. In: Rickmann D, Chen GL (eds) Debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction and assessment. Millpress, Rotterdam, pp 965–976

Jones DKC, Lee EM (1994) Landsliding in great Britain. Dept Environ, London 390 p

Kirkby M J (1971) Hillslope process-response models based on the continuity equation. In: Brunsden, D (Ed.) Slopes: Form and Process, Inst Br Geogr Spec Publ 3, 15–30

Lerner DN (1986) Predicting piezometric levels in steep slopes. Groundw Eng Geol, Geol Soc Eng Group SP 3:327–333

Lim TT, Rahardjo H, Chang MF, Fredlund DG (1996) Effect of rainfall on matric suction in a residual soil slope. Can Geot J 33(2):618–628CrossRef

Lu N, Godt J (2008) Infinite slope stability under steady unsaturated seepage conditions. Water Resour Res 44:W11404. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006976

Matsukura Y (1996) The role of the degree of weathering and groundwater fluctuation in landslide movement in a colluvium of weathered hornblende-gabbro. Catena 27(1):63–78CrossRef

McGreal WJ, Craig D (1982) Mass movement activity: an illustration of differing responses to groundwater conditions from two sites in Northern Ireland. Ir Geogr 10:28–35CrossRef

Mitchell JK (1976) Fundamentals of soil behaviour. Wiley, New York 522pp

Montgomery DR (2001) Slope distributions, threshold hillslopes, and steady-state topography. Am J Sci 30:432–454CrossRef

Montgomery DR, Dietrich WE, Torres R, Anderson SP, Heffner JT, Loague K (1997) Piezometric response of a steep unchanneled valley to a natural and applied rainfall. Water Resour Res 33(1):91–109CrossRef

Montgomery DR, Dietrich WE, Heffner JT (2002) Piezometric response in shallow bedrock at CB1: implications for runoff generation and landsliding. Water Resour Res 38(12):10.1–10.18CrossRef

Montgomery DR, Schmidt K, Dietrich WE, McKean J (2009) Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: implications for modelling slope stability. J Geophys Res 114:F01031 16pCrossRef

Montrasio L, Valentino R, Losi GL (2009) Rainfall-induced shallow landslides: a model for the triggering mechanism of some case studies in northern Italy. Landslides 6(3):241–251CrossRef

Moriwaki H, Inokuchi T, Sassa K, Ochiai H, Wang G (2004) Failure process in a full-scale landslide experiment using a rainfall simulator. Landslides 1(4):277–288CrossRef

Ogawa S, Ikeda T, Kamer T, Wada T (1987) Field investigations of seasonal variations of the groundwater levels and pore water pressures in landslide areas. Soils Found 27(1):50–60CrossRef

Okimura T (1983) Rapid mass movement and groundwater level movement. Z Geomorphol 46:35–54

Pennington C V L, Foster C, Chambers J, Jenkins G O (2009) Landslides of the area around Chesterfield, Geological Sheet 112. British Geological Survey, Land Use and Development, Open Report OR/09/022, 23pp

Pitty A F (1968) A simple device for the field measurement of hillslope. J Geol 76, 717-720

Reid M E, LaHusen R G, Baum R L, Kean J W, Highland L M (2012) Real-time monitoring of landslides. US Geol Surv Fact Sheet, 2012–3008

Rogers NW, Selby MJ (1980) Mechanisms of shallow translational landsliding during summer rainstorms: North Island, New Zealand. Geogr Ann A 62(12):11–21CrossRef

Rouse WC (1975) Engineering properties and slope form in granular soils. Eng Geol 9:221–235CrossRef

Rouse WC (1989) The frequency of landslides in the south Wales coalfield. Cambria: A Welsh Geogr Rev 15(2):167–179

Rouse WC, Farhan YL (1976) Threshold slopes in South Wales. Q J Eng Geol 9:327–338CrossRef

Sangrey DA, Harrop-Williams KO, Klaiber JA (1984) Predicting groundwater responses to precipitation. J Geotech Eng ASCE 110(7):957–975CrossRef

Selby MJ (1976) Slope erosion due to extreme rainfall: a case study from New Zealand. Geogr Ann A 58A:131–138CrossRef

Selby MJ (1982) Controls on the stability and inclination of hillslopes formed on hard rock. Earth Surf Process Landf 7:449–467CrossRef

Selby MJ (1993) Hillslope materials and processes. Oxford University press, Oxford 451pp

Shimizu M (1988) Prediction of slope failures due to heavy rains using the tank model, vol 1. The 5th International Symposium on Landslides, Lausanne, 10–15 July, pp 771–777

Skempton AW (1970) First time slides in overconsolidated clays. Geotechnique 20:320–324CrossRef

Skempton AW, DeLory FA (1957) Stability of natural slopes on London clay. Geotechnique 20:320–324CrossRef

Skempton AW, Weeks AG (1976) The quaternary history of the lower greensand escarpment and weald clay vale near Sevenoaks, Kent. Phil Trans Royal Soc London A 283:493–526CrossRef

Skempton AW, Leadbeater AD, Chandler RJ (1989) The Mam tor landslide, north Derbyshire. Phil Trans Royal Soc London A 329:503–547CrossRef

Smith A (2005) The geomorphic inputs of the January 2005 storms in North Cumbria. News Lett Cumberland Geol Soc, August Edition, 4–6

Smith JB, Godt JW, Baum RL, Coe JA, Burns WJ, Lu N, et al. (2014) Hydrological monitoring of landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009–2012. US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2013–1283, 61 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131283

Stevenson IP, Gaunt GD (1971) Geology of the country around Chapel en le Frith. Keyworth: Geological Survey of Great Britain, 444 pp

Tanaka S (1963) On the forecast of the occurrence sites on mountain slides. Report of the Construction Engineering Research Institute Foundation, Tokyo 4:147–161

Tanaka S, Okimura T (1972) Research on slope slides caused by heavy rain which hit West Banshu area on July 18, 1971. Report of the Construction Engineering Research Institute Foundation, No. 14, 39–52

Tohari A, Nishigaki M, Komatsu M (2007) Laboratory rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurement. J Geotech Geoenv Eng 133(5):575–587CrossRef

Trandafir AC, Sidle RC, Gomi T, Kamai T (2008) Monitored and simulated variations in matric suction during rainfall in a residual soil slope. Environ Geol 55(5):951–961CrossRef

Uchida T, Kosugi K, Mizuyama T (2002) Effects of pipe flow and bedrock groundwater on runoff generation in a steep headwater catchment in Ashiu, Central Japan. Water Resour Res 38(7):24.1–24.14CrossRef

Van Asch TW, Buma J, LPH VB (1999) A view on some hydrological triggering systems in landslides. Geomorphology 30(1–2):25–32CrossRef

Waltham AC, Dixon NR (2000) Movement of the Mam tor landslide, Derbyshire, UK. Q J Eng Geol Hydroge 33:105–123CrossRef

Wang G, Sassa K (2003) Pore-pressure generation and movement of rainfall-induced landslides: effects of grain size and fine particle content. Eng Geol 69(1–2):109–125CrossRef

Warburton J, Milledge D, Johnson RM (2006) Assessment of shallow landslide activity in north Cumbria following the January 2005 storms. News Lett Cumberland Geol Soc, April Edition, 5–7

Weeks AG (1969) The stability of slopes in south-east England as affected by periglacial activity. Q J Eng Geol 5:223–241

Wright MD (1991) Pleistocene deposits of the South Wales coalfield and their engineering significance. Geol Soc London Eng Geol SP 7:441–448

Zhang G, Wang R, Qian J, Zhang JM, Qian J (2012) Effect study of cracks on behaviour of soil slope under rainfall conditions. Soils Found 52(4):634–643CrossRef

Title: Sensitivity analysis of shallow planar landslides in residual soils on south Pennine hillslopes, Derbyshire, UK
Author: Martin Cross
Publication date: 22-11-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1435-9529
Electronic ISSN: 1435-9537
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1195-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Selection of TBM and geotechnical assessment of a microtunnel in a difficult geological environment: a case of a natural gas pipeline beneath an active landslide (Albania)

Estimation of embankment settlement caused by deterioration of soft rock grains

Determination of the presence of microstructure in a soil using a seismic dilatometer

An investigation of the relationship between Los Angeles abrasion loss and rock texture for carbonate aggregates

Prediction of geotechnical properties of treated fibrous peat by artificial neural networks

A multi-factor comprehensive risk assessment method of karst tunnels and its engineering application