Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Shock Waves and Blast Waves

Authors : Nicholas Apazidis, Veronica Eliasson

Published in: Shock Focusing Phenomena

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter will provide you with a brief introduction to the mathematical description of shock and blast waves and the most common experimental techniques to study shock wave focusing phenomena. In order to fully understand shock wave focusing, it is necessary to first have a good understanding how a shock wave reacts when it encounters another shock or, for example, a concave solid boundary. Therefore, we will introduce the concept of shock wave reflections, how it was discovered and its two main types, regular reflection and irregular reflection, and provide references for the interested reader to learn more. Self-similar solutions are very common tools to predict the motion of converging shocks, and a brief introduction to this topic is provided in this chapter. Lastly, several of the most common experimental techniques to study shock wave focusing, such as shock tubes, exploding wires, and microexplosives, are presented followed by an introduction to different types of visualization techniques (schlieren and interferometry) that are used to photograph the often remarkable beautiful shock wave dynamics phenomena.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Introduction
next chapter Converging Shocks
Literature
1.
Anderson, J.A.: The spectrum of electrically exploded wires. Astrophys. J. 51, 37–48 (1920)CrossRef
2.
Anderson, J.A.: The spectral energy distribution and opacity of wire explosion vapors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 8, 231–232 (1922)CrossRef
3.
Anderson, J.A.: Electrically exploded wires. In: International Critical Tables. McGraw-Hill, New York (1934)
4.
Anderson, J.D. Jr.: Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective. McGraw-Hill, New York (2003)
5.
Apazidis, N., Lesser, M.B., Tillmark, N.T., Johansson, B.: An experimental and theoretical study of converging polygonal shock waves. Shock Waves 12, 39–58 (2002)CrossRef
6.
Bach, G.G., Lee, J.H.S.: An analytical solution for blast waves. AIAA J. 8(2), 271–275 (1970)CrossRef
7.
Ben-Dor, G.: Shock Wave Reflection Phenomena. Springer, Berlin (1991)
8.
Ben-Dor, G.: A state-of-the-knowledge review on pseudo-steady shock-wave reflections and their transition criteria. Shock Waves 15, 277–294 (2006)CrossRef
9.
Bethe, H.A., Fuchs, K., Hirschfelder, J.O., Magee, J.L., von Neumann, J.: Blast wave. Technical report, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (1958)
10.
Blackmore, J.T.: Ernst Mach; His Work, Life, and Influence. University of California Press, Los Angeles (1972)
11.
Courant, R., Friedrichs, K.O.: Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves. Springer, New York (1948)
12.
Efimov, S., Fedotov, A., Gleizer, S., Gurovich, V.T., Bazalitski, G., Krasik, Y.E.: Characterization of converging shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire array explosion. Phys. Plasmas 15(11), 112703–112706 (2008)CrossRef
13.
Eliasson, V.: On focusing of shock waves. Ph.D. thesis, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2007)
14.
Eliasson, V., Apazidis, N., Tillmark, N.T., Lesser, M.B.: Focusing of strong shocks in an annular shock tube. Shock Waves 15, 205–217 (2006)CrossRef
15.
Eliasson, V., Apazidis, N., Tillmark, N.T.: Shaping converging shock waves by means of obstacles. J. Vis. 9, 240 (2006)CrossRef
16.
Eliasson, V., Apazidis, N., and Tillmark, N.: Controlling the form of strong converging shocks by means of disturbances. Shock Waves 17, 29–42 (2007)CrossRef
17.
Eliasson, V., Tillmark, N, Szeri, A.J., Apazidis, N.: Light emission during shock wave focusing in air and argon. Phys. Fluids 19, 106106 (2007)CrossRef
18.
Eliasson, V., Kjellander, M., Apazidis, N.: Regular versus Mach reflection for converging polygonal shocks. Shock Waves 17, 43–50 (2007)CrossRef
19.
Eliasson, V., Gross, J.: Experimental investigation of shock wave amplification using multiple munitions. In: Ben-Dor, G., Sadot, O., Igra, O. (eds.) 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves, vol. 2. Springer, Cham (2017)CrossRef
20.
Fedotov, A., Grinenko, A., Efimov, S., Krasik, Y.E.: Generation of cylindrically symmetric converging shock waves by underwater electrical explosion of wire array. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(20), 201502–3 (2007)CrossRef
21.
Gilburd, L., Efimov, S., Fedotov Gefen, A., Gurovich, V.T., Bazalitski, G., Antonov, O., Krasik, Y.E.: Modified wire array underwater electrical explosion. Laser Part. Beams 30(02), 215–224 (2012)CrossRef
22.
Gladstone, J.H., Dale, T.P.: Researches on the refraction, dispersion, and sensitiveness of liquids. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 12, 448–453 (1863)CrossRef
23.
24.
Guderley, G.: Starke kugelige und zylindrische Verdichtungsstöße in der Nähe des Kugelmittelpunktes bzw. der Zylinderachse. Luftfahrt Forsch. 19, 302–312 (1942)
25.
Hartberger, J.E.: Background-oriented schlieren pattern optimization. Master’s thesis, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, Dec. (2011)
26.
Higashino, F., Henderson, L.F., Shimizu, F.: Experiments on the interaction of a pair of cylindrical weak blast waves in air. Shock Waves 1(4), 275–284 (1991)CrossRef
27.
Hornung, H., Sturtevant, B., Bélanger, J., Sanderson, S., Brouillette, M., Jenkins, M.: Performance data of the new free-piston shock tunnel at GALCIT, 603–610. In: Takayama, K. (Ed.) Shock Waves, Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Shock Waves, Sendai, Japan 21-26 July 1992. Springer-Verlag (1992)CrossRef
28.
Hornung, H.G., Pullin, D.I., Ponchaut, N.F.: On the question of universality of imploding shock waves. Acta Mech. 201, 31–35 (2008)CrossRef
29.
Hosseini, S.H.R., Takayama, K.: Implosion of a spherical shock wave reflected from a spherical wall. J. Fluid Mech. 530, 223–239 (2005)CrossRef
30.
Jeon, H.: An experimental study of shock wave attenuation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California (2017)
31.
Jeon, H., Eliasson, V.: Shock wave interactions with liquid sheets. Exp. Fluids 58(24), 1–11 (2017)
32.
Kandula, M., Freeman, R.: On the interaction and coalescence of spherical blast waves. Shock Waves 18, 21–33 (2008)CrossRef
33.
Krasik, Y.E., Grinenko, A., Sayapin, A., Efimov, S., Fedotov, A., Gurovich, V.Z., Oreshkin, V.I.: Underwater electrical wire explosion and its applications. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36(2), 423–434 (2008)CrossRef
34.
Krasik, Y.E., Fedotov, A., Sheftman, D., Efimov, S., Sayapin, A., Gurovich, V.T., Veksler, D., Bazalitski, G., Gleizer, S., Grinenko, A., Oreshkin, V.I.: Underwater electrical wire explosion. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 19(3), 034020–034029 (2010)CrossRef
35.
Krehl, R., van der Geest, M.: The discovery of the Mach reflection effect and its demonstration in an auditorium. Shock Waves 1, 3–15 (1991)CrossRef
36.
Lazarus, R.B.: Self-similar solutions for converging shocks and collapsing cavities. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 18, 316–371 (1981)MathSciNetCrossRef
37.
Lazarus, R., Richtmyer, R.: Similarity solutions for converging shocks. Technical report, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California, Los Alamos, NM (1977)
38.
39.
Mach, E.: Über den Verlauf der Funkenwellen in der Ebene und im Raum. Sitzungsber Akad Wiss Wien (II. Abth.) 78, 819–838 (1878)
40.
Mach, E., Wosyka, J.: Über einige mechanische Wirkungen des elektrischen Funkens. Sitzungsber Akad Wiss Wien (II Abth) 77, 44–52 (1875)
41.
McGrath, J.R.: Exploding wire research 1774–1963. NRL Memorandum Report 1698, US Naval Research Laboratory (1966)
42.
Meier G.: Computerized background-oriented schlieren. Exp. Fluids 33, 181–187 (2002)CrossRef
43.
Nairne, E.: Electrical experiments by Mr. Edward Nairne, of London, mathematical instrument-maker, made with a machine of his own workmanship, a description of which is prefixed. Philos. Trans. 64, 79–89 (1774). January 1CrossRef
44.
Oshima, K.: Blast waves produced by exploding wire. Technical report, Aeronautical Research Institute (1960)
45.
Ponchaut, N.F., Hornung, H.G., Pullin, D.I., Mouton, C.A.: On imploding cylindrical and spherical shock waves in a perfect gas. J. Fluid Mech. 560, 103–122 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef
46.
Qiu, S., Eliasson, V.: Interaction and coalescence of multiple simultaneous and non-simultaneous blast waves. Shock Waves 26(3), 287–297 (2016)CrossRef
47.
48.
49.
50.
Sakurai, A.: Chapter: On the propagation of cylindrical shock waves. In: Exploding Wires, vol. 1, pp. 264–270. Plenum, New York (1959)CrossRef
51.
Sedov, L.I.: Propagation of intense (strong) blast waves (in Russian). Prikl. Mat. Mek. 10, 241 (1946)
52.
Sedov, L.I.: Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics, 10th edn. Academic, New York/CRC Press, Boca Raton (1993)
53.
Semenov, A.N., Berezkina, M.K., Krassovskaya, I.V.: Classification of pseudo-steady shock wave reflection types. Shock Waves 22(4), 307–316 (2012)CrossRef
54.
Settles, G.S.: Schlieren and Shadowgraph Techniques – Visualizing Phenomena in Transparent Media. Springer, New York (2001)
55.
Takayama, K., Kleine, H., Grönig, H.: An experimental investigation of the stability of converging cylindrical shock waves in air. Exp. Fluids 5, 315–322 (1987)
56.
Taylor, G.I.: The air wave surrounding an expanding sphere. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci. 186, 273–292 (1946)MathSciNetCrossRef
57.
Taylor, G.I.: The formation of a blast wave by a very intense explosion. I. Theoretical discussion. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci. 201, 159–174 (1950)CrossRef
58.
Taylor, G.I.: The formation of a blast wave by a very intense explosion. II. The atomic explosion of 1945. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci. 201, 159–174 (1950)CrossRef
59.
Toepler, M.: Beobachtung von Metalldampfschichtung bei electrischer Drahtzerstäubung. Annalen der Physik 65, 873–876 (1898)CrossRef
60.
Veksler, D., Sayapin, A., Efimov, S., Krasik, Y.E.: Characterization of different wire configurations in underwater electrical explosion. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 37(1), 88–98 (2008)CrossRef
61.
von Neumann, J.: Oblique Reflection of Shocks. It’s Explosives Research Report, no. 12. Department of Navy, Washington, DC (1943)
62.
von Neumann, J.: The point source solution. Technical report, National Defense Research Committee, Division B Report AM-9 (1947)
63.
64.
Wang, C., Qiu, S., Eliasson, V.: Investigation of shock wave focusing in water in a logarithmic spiral duct, part 1: Weak coupling. Ocean Eng. 102, 174–184 (2014)CrossRef
65.
Wang, C., Grunenfelder, L., Patwardhan, R., Qiu, S., Eliasson, V.: Investigation of shock wave focusing in water in a logarithmic spiral duct, part 2: strong coupling. Ocean Eng. 102, 185–196 (2015)CrossRef
66.
Yadav H.S., Murty D.S., Verma S.N.: Measurement of refractive index of water under high dynamic pressures. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 2197–2200 (1973)CrossRef
67.
Young, R., Glimm, J., Boston, B.: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Compressible Turbulent Mixing. World Scientific, Singapore (1996)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Shock Waves and Blast Waves
Authors
Nicholas Apazidis
Veronica Eliasson
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Shock Focusing Phenomena

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75864-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-75866-4

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75866-4_2

Premium Partners

    Image Credits