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2017 | Book

Simulation Based Engineering in Fluid Flow Design

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About this book

This volume offers a tool for High Performance Computing (HPC). A brief historical background on the subject is first given. Fluid Statics dealing with Pressure in fluids at rest, Buoyancy and Basics of Thermodynamics are next presented.

The Finite Volume Method, the most convenient process for HPC, is explained in one-dimensional approach to diffusion with convection and pressure velocity coupling. Adiabatic, isentropic and supersonic flows in quasi-one dimensional flows in axisymmetric nozzles is considered before applying CFD solutions. Though the theory is restricted to one-dimensional cases, three-dimensional CFD examples are also given. Lastly, nozzle flows with normal shocks are presented using turbulence models.

Worked examples and exercises are given in each chapter.

Fluids transport thermal energy for its conversion to kinetic energy, thus playing a major role that is central to all heat engines. With the advent of rotating machinery in the 20th century, Fluid Engineering was developed in the form of hydraulics and hydrodynamics and adapted in engineering Schools across the world until recent times. With the High Performance Computing (HPC) in recent years, Simulation Based Engineering Science (SBES) has gradually replaced the conventional approach in Fluid Flow Design bringing Science directly into Engineering without approximations. Hence this SpringerBrief in Applied Sciences and Technology.

This book brings SBES to an entry level allowing young students to quickly adapt to modern design practices.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter outlines the beginnings of fluid mechanics developments from ancient Indus Valley Civilization to modern day applications of Turbomachinery through science revolution period.
J. S. Rao
Chapter 2. Fluid Statics
Abstract
This chapter deals with Fluid Statics. Starting from properties of fluids, fluid pressure under static conditions is explained. Pascal’s law and its applications in Mariotte bottle and hydraulic lever are given. Buoyancy of airships, sea navigating ships are explained. Water storage, dams and sluice gates are next explained. Basic principles of thermodynamics, perfect gases, Vapor pressure and saturation pressure are explained next. The cavitation phenomenon that depends on vapor pressure is next explained. Heat energy aspects, internal energy, enthalpy, specific heats, adiabatic process, reversible process, entropy, Isentropic process are explained while dealing with mechanical energy and heat energy and work done on gases.
J. S. Rao
Chapter 3. Fluid Dynamics
Abstract
The dynamic aspects of fluids, with the state variables, viz., pressure, temperature, velocity, density and their relations with energy, are considered in mass conservation and Newton’s laws as first derived by Euler. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations are discussed. Using thermodynamics laws and heat, the energy equation in flow is considered in addition to Euler’s equations. The kinetic energy as well as internal energy in the flow is accounted. No viscous forces are considered in this chapter
J. S. Rao
Chapter 4. Finite Volume Method—Diffusion Problems
Abstract
This chapter is concerned with pure diffusion problems treated by finite volume methods, stepping stone for modern SBES and HPC approach. Only one dimensional case is considered in detail that keeps the formulation simple enabling the solutions by conventional methods.
J. S. Rao
Chapter 5. Finite Volume Method—Convection-Diffusion Problems
Abstract
This chapter is an extension of the previous one on diffusion-convection. The treatment is again using one dimensional finite volume method and closed form solutions.
J. S. Rao
Chapter 6. Pressure—Velocity Coupling in Steady Flows
Abstract
This chapter considers pressure-velocity coupling by finite volume method for steady flows both incompressible and compressible cases. Pitot and Venturi tubes for measurement of velocity are given that use Bernoulli principles. For adiabatic flows stagnation conditions are derived. For isentropic flows, sonic and supersonic conditions are obtained. Supersonic flows with a normal shock in divergent portion of a nozzle are obtained by considering quasi one-dimensional flow with area changing in nozzles. Different forms of energy equations for adiabatic flows are presented. Mach number and characteristic Mach number in a given flow are derived. Quasi one-dimensional flow through converging diverging nozzles is discussed. Nozzle performance for various back pressures is explained for isentropic flow with a normal shock forming in the divergent portion. The flows through a diffuser are also presented. The modeling of converging-diverging nozzles using finite volume method by computational fluid dynamics is explained leading to SBES with HPC for designs.
J. S. Rao
Chapter 7. Turbulence
Abstract
In this chapter, Reynolds turbulence phenomenon and viscous flows are considered. Navier-Stokes equations are derived by including Reynolds viscous forces in Euler equations. Reynolds Averaging technique of Navier-Stokes equation is presented with Boussinesq hypothesis that Reynolds stresses could be linked to the mean rate of deformation leading to and Turbulence viscosity. Turbulence models are explained that go with RANS approach for CFD. The example of Chap. 6 is continued here for CFD analysis of turbulent flow in nozzles.
J. S. Rao
Chapter 8. Epilogue
Abstract
Here we summarize the need to introduce 21st century approach of SBES with HPC at an early stage of UG education in place of approximate engineering approach evolved a century ago using Log Tables and Slide Rules.
J. S. Rao
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Simulation Based Engineering in Fluid Flow Design
Author
J.S. Rao
Copyright Year
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-46382-7
Print ISBN
978-3-319-46381-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46382-7

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