Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. Specification of the Vulnerability of Physical Systems

Authors : Hormoz Modaressi, Nicolas Desramaut, Pierre Gehl

Published in: SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The general methodology presented in Chap. 2 of this book, has been conceived in order to be general enough to be adequate for each system. The purpose of this chapter is to decline this methodology to the specificity of each physical system considered: i.e., Buildings, Water Supply System, Waste Water Network, Electrical Power Network, Oil and Gas Network, Transportation Network, Health Care System and Harbours. Each system is described based on its structure and taxonomy, on the dependencies it shares with the other systems, on the available methods to describe its systemic vulnerability and, finally, on the existing indicators to evaluate its performance, but also its functionality according to the societal needs.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Framework for Systemic Socio-economic Vulnerability and Loss Assessment
next chapter Introduction to the Applications of the SYNER-G Methodology and Tools
Footnotes
1
UML: Unified Modeling Language.
 
2
Passenger Car Unit.
 
3
TEU is not a standardized unit. It corresponds to the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1m) intermodal container, and is often used to estimate the capacity of transportation systems (e.g. boats or terminals).
 
4
HTD = Hospital Treatment Demand.
 
Literature
Adachi T, Ellingwood BR (2008) Serviceability of earthquake-damaged water systems: effects of electrical power availability and power backup systems on system vulnerability. Reliab Eng Sys Saf 93:78–88CrossRef
ALA (2004) Wastewater system performance assessment guideline. American Lifelines Association/FEMA and NIBS
Alexoudi M, Kakderi K, Pitilakis K (2009) Seismic risk and hierarchy importance of the interdependent lifeline systems using fuzzy reasoning. In: 10th international conference on structural safety and reliability, Osaka, Japan
Arianos S, Bompard E, Carbone A, Xue F (2009) Power grids vulnerability: a complex network approach. Chaos 19(1):013–119CrossRef
Asakura Y, Kashiwadani M (1991) Road network reliability caused by daily fluctuation of traffic flow. In: Proceedings of the 19th PTRC summer annual meeting, Sussex, 9–13 Sept 1991
ATC (1985) ATC-13, earthquake damage evaluation data for California. Applied Technology Council, Redwood City
ATC (1991) ATC-25, seismic vulnerability and impact of disruption on conterminous United States. Applied Technology Council, Redwood City
Awumah K, Goulter I, Bhatt S (1991) Entropy-based redundancy measures in water distribution network design. J Hydrol Eng 117(3):595–614CrossRef
Bal IE, Bommer JJ, Stafford PJ, Crowley H, Pinho R (2010) The influence of geographical resolution of urban exposure data in an earthquake loss model for Istanbul. Struct Saf 26(3):619–634
Ballantyne DB, Berg E, Kennedy J, Reneau R, Wu D (1990) Earthquake loss estimation modeling of Seattle water system. Technical report: US Geological Survey Grant Award No 14-08-0001-G1526. Kennedy/Jenks/Chilton, Federal Way WA
Bompard E, Wu D, Xue F (2011) Structural vulnerability of power systems: a topological approach. Elect Power Sys Res 81(7):1334–1340CrossRef
Buritica J, Tesfamariam S, Sanchez-Silva M (2012) Seismic vulnerability assessment of power transmission networks using complex-systems based methodologies. In: Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering, Lisbon, 24–28 Sept 2012
Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Gehl P, Khazai B (2012) Quantitative assessment of social losses based on physical damage and interaction with infrastructural systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41(11):1569–1589CrossRef
Chang SE, Svekla WD, Shinozuka M (2002) Linking infrastructure and urban economy: simulation of water disruption impacts in earthquakes. Environ Plan B 29(2):281–301CrossRef
Chang L, Elnashai AS, Spencer BF Jr, Song J, Ouyang Y (2011) Transportation system modeling and applications in earthquake engineering. Report 10-03, Mid-America Earthquake (MAE) Center
Chen A, Yang H, Lo HK, Tang WH (1999) A capacity related reliability for transportation networks. J Adv Transport 33(2):183–200CrossRef
Chen A, Yang H, Lo HK, Tang WH (2002) Capacity reliability of a road network: an assessment methodology and numerical results. Trans Res Part B-Methodol 36(3):225–252CrossRef
Ching J, Hsu W-C (2007) An efficient method for evaluating origin-destination connectivity reliability of real-world lifeline networks. Comput-Aid Civil Infra Eng 22:584–496CrossRef
Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M (2010) Seismic resilience of a hospital system. Struct Infrastr Eng 6(1):127–144CrossRef
Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M (2011) Performance-based metamodel for healthcare facilities. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 40(11):1197–1217CrossRef
Dueñas-Osorio L, Rojo J (2011) Reliability assessment of radial lifeline systems. Comput-Aid Civil Infra Eng 26(2):111–128CrossRef
Dueñas-Osorio L, Vemuru MV (2009) Cascading failures in complex infrastructure systems. Struct Saf 313(2):157–167CrossRef
Dueñas-Osorio L, Craig JI, Goodno BJ (2007a) Seismic response of critical interdependent networks. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 36:285–306CrossRef
Dueñas-Osorio L, Craig JI, Goodno BJ (2007b) Interdependent response of networked systems. J Infrastr Sys 13:185–194CrossRef
Esposito S, Iervolino I (2012) Application and validation study to a gas pipeline network. SYNER-G Deliverable D65
Fotuhi-Firuzabad M, Billinton R, Munian TS, Vinayagam B (2004) A novel approach to determine minimal tie-sets of complex network. IEEE Trans Reliab 53(1):61–70CrossRef
Franchin P, Lupoi A, Pinto PE (2006) On the role of road networks in reducing human losses after earthquakes. J Earthq Eng 10(2):195–206
Giannini R, Vanzi A (2000) Seismic reliability of electric networks and interaction with other damage indicators. In: Proceedings of 12th world conference on earthquake engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Upper Hutt, 30 Jan–4 Feb 2000
Goda K, Hong HP (2008) Estimation of seismic loss for spatially distributed buildings. Earthq Spectra 24(4):889–910CrossRef
Gomez C, Buritica J, Sanchez-Silva M, Duenas-Osorio L (2011) Optimisation-based decision-making for complex networks in disastrous events. Int J Risk Assess and Manage 15(5–6):417–436
Helseth A, Holen AT (2006) Reliability modelling of gas and electric power distribution systems; similarities and differences. In: Proceedings of 9th international conference on probabilistic methods applied to power systems, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Stockholm, 11–15 June 2006
Hoshiya M, Yamamoto K (2002) Redundancy index of lifeline systems. J Eng Mech – ASCE 128(9):961–968CrossRef
Hoshiya M, Yamamoto K, Ohno H (2004) Redundancy index of lifeline for mitigation measures against seismic risk. Prob Eng Mech 19:205–210CrossRef
Hwang H, Lin H, Shinozuka M (1998) Seismic performance assessment of water distribution systems. J Infrastr Sys 4(3):118–125CrossRef
Iida Y, Wakabayashi H (1989) An approximation method of terminal reliability of a road network using partial minimal path and cut set. In: Proceedings of the fifth world conference on transport research, Yokohama, 10–14 July 1989
Isoyama R, Katayama T (1981) Reliability evaluation of water supply systems during earth-quakes. Report of Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 30(1)
Jasmon GB, Kai OS (1985) A new technique in minimal path and cutset evaluation. IEEE Trans Reliab 34(2):136–143CrossRef
Javanbarg MB, Takada S (2009) Seismic reliability assessment of water supply systems. In: Proceedings 10th international conference on structural safety and reliability, Osaka, 13–17 Sept 2009
Javanbarg MB, Takada S, Kuwata Y (2006) Seismic vulnerability evaluation of water delivery system. In: Proceedings of the 12th Japan earthquake engineering symposium, Tokyo
Kalungi P, Tanyimboh TT (2003) Redundancy model for water distribution system. Reliab Eng Sys Saf 82:275–286CrossRef
Kang WH, Song J, Gardoni P (2008) Matrix-based system reliability method and applications to bridge networks. Reliab Eng Sys Saf 93:1584–1593CrossRef
Karaca E (2005) Regional earthquake loss estimation: role of transportation network, sensitivity and uncertainty, and risk mitigation., PhD dissertation, MIT, Cambridge
Kawakami H (1990) Earthquake physical damage and functional serviceability of lifeline network models. Earthq Eng 19:1153–1165CrossRef
Kim Y, Kang W-H (2013) Network reliability analysis of complex systems using a non-simulation-based method. Reliab Eng Sys Saf 110:80–88CrossRef
Li J, He J (2002) A recursive decomposition algorithm for network seismic reliability evaluation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31(8):1525–1539CrossRef
Li J, Shulin W, Wei L (2006) Seismic reliability analysis of urban water distribution network. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 5(1):71–77CrossRef
Lupoi G, Franchin P, Lupoi A, Pinto PE, Calvi GM (2008) Probabilistic seismic assessment for hospitals and complex-social systems. Rose School Tech Rep 2008/02. IUSS Press, Pavia
Ma J, Huang Z, Wong PC, Ferryman T (2010) Probabilistic vulnerability assessment based on power flow and voltage distribution. In: Proceedings of transmission and distribution conference and exposition, 2010 IEEE PES, New Orleans, 19–22 Apr 2010
Markov IJ, Grigoriu M, O’Rourke TD (1994) An evaluation of seismic serviceability of water supply networks with application to San Francisco Auxiliary Water Supply System. Technical report MCEER-94-0001. Multidisciplinary Center for earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo
Menoni S, Pergalani BMP, Petrini V (2002) Lifelines earthquake vulnerability assessment: a systemic approach. Soil Dy Earthq Eng 22:1199–1208CrossRef
Moghtaderi-Zadeh M, Wood K, Der Kiureghian A, Barlow RE (1982) Seismic reliability of life-line networks. J Tech Council – ASCE 108:60–78
Monti G, Nuti C (1996) A procedure for assessing the functional reliability of hospital systems. Struct Saf 18(4):277–292CrossRef
Na UJ, Shinozuka M (2009) Simulation-based seismic loss estimation of seaport transportation system. Reliab Eng Sys Saf 94(3):722–731CrossRef
Na UJ, Chaudhuri SR, Shinozuka M (2007) Scenario-based simulation of revenue loss at seismically damaged seaports. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on urban disaster reduction, Taipei, 27–29 Nov 2007
Na UJ, Chaudhuri SR, Shinozuka M (2008) Probabilistic assessment for seismic performance of port structures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28(2):147–158CrossRef
NIBS (2004) HAZUS-MH: user’s manual and technical manuals. Report prepared for the federal emergency management agency. National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, DC
Nuti C, Vanzi I (1998) Assessment of post-earthquake availability of hospital system and upgrading strategies. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 27(12):1403–1423CrossRef
Nuti C, Rasulo A, Vanzi I (2007) Seismic safety evaluation of electric power supply at urban level. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 36(2):245–263CrossRef
O’Rourke TD, Grigoriu MD, Khater MM (1985) Seismic response of buried pipes. In: Sundrarajan C (ed) Pressure vessel and piping technology – a decade of progress. ASME, New York, pp 281–323
Osiadacz AJ (1987) Simulation and analysis of gas network, 1st edn. D and F.N. Spon Ltd., London
Pachakis D, Kiremidjian A (2003) The use of simulation in disaster response planning and risk management of ports and harbors. In Proceedings of the 6th U.S. conference on lifeline earthquake engineering. ASCE’s Technical Council on lifeline earthquake engineering, Long Beach, 10–13 Aug 2003
Pachakis D, Kiremidjian A (2004) Estimation of downtime-related revenue losses in seaports following scenario earthquakes. Earthq Spectra 20(2):427–449CrossRef
Pires JA, Ang AH-S, Villaverde R (1996) Seismic reliability of electrical power transmission systems. Nucl Eng Desig 160(3):427–439CrossRef
Pitilakis K, Crowley H, Kaynia H (2014) Fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk: buildings, lifelines, transportation networks and critical facilities: the SYNER-G approach. Springer
Poljanšek K, Bono F, Gutiérrez E (2012) Seismic risk assessment of interdependent critical infrastructure systems: the case of european gas and electricity networks. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41(1):61–79CrossRef
Rinaldi RM, Peerenboom JP, Kelly TK (2001) Identifying, understanding and analyzing critical infrastructures interdependencies. IEEE Cont Sys Mag 21(6):11–25CrossRef
Scawthorn C, O’Rourke TD, Balckburn FT (2006) The San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906 – enduring lesson for fire protection and water supply. Earthq Spectra 22(S2):135–158CrossRef
Shi P, O’Rourke TD, Wang Y (2006) Simulation of earthquake water supply performance. In: Proceedings of 8th U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering, San Francisco, 18–22 Apr 2006
Shinozuka M (2009) Performance reliability of port facilities. In: Proceedings of 10th international conference on structural safety and reliability, ICOSSAR, Osaka, 13–17 Sept 2009
Shinozuka M, Takada S, Kawakami, H (1977) Risk analysis of underground network systems. In: Proceedings of the U.S. Southeast Asia symposium on engineering for natural hazards protection, Manila, 26–30 Sept 1977
Shinozuka M, Tan RY, Koike T (1981) Serviceability of water transmission systems under seismic risk. In: Smith DJ Jr (ed) Proceedings of the ASCE specialty conference on lifeline earthquake engineering: the current state of knowledge, Oakland, 20–21 Aug 1981
Shinozuka M, Hwang H, Murata M (1992) Impact on water supply of a seismically damaged water delivery system. Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in the Central and Eastern US. Tech Council Lifel Earthq Eng Monogr 5:43–57
Shinozuka M, Murachi Y, Dong X, Zhou Y, Orlikowski MJ (2003). Seismic performance of highway transportation networks. In: Proceedings of China-US workshop on protection of urban infrastructure and public buildings against earthquakes and man-made disasters, 21–22 Feb 2003
Shumuta Y (2007) Practical seismic upgrade strategy for substation equipment based on performance indices. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 36(2):209–226CrossRef
Taylor CE (1991) Seismic loss estimation for a hypothetical water system. Technical council on lifeline earthquake engineering monograph no. 2. ASCE, Reston
Vanzi I (1995) Seismic reliability of electric power networks. PhD dissertation, Sapienza University of Rome
Vanzi I (1996) Seismic reliability of electric power networks: methodology and application. Struct Saf 18(4):311–327CrossRef
Vanzi I (2000) Structural upgrading strategy for electric power networks under seismic action. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 29(7):1053–1073CrossRef
Wang Y (2006). Seismic performance evaluation of water supply systems. PhD dissertation. Cornell University, Ithaca
Wang Y, Siu-Kui A, Qiang F (2010) Seismic risk assessment and mitigation of water supply systems. Earthq Spectra 26(1):257–274CrossRef
Xingbin Y, Singh C (2004) Probabilistic power system security analysis considering protection failures. Int J Comput Math Elect Electron Eng 23(1):35–47CrossRef
Zhou Y, Murachi Y, Kim S-H, Shinozuka M (2004) Seismic risk assessment of retrofitted transportation systems. In: Proceedings of 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, 1–6 Aug 2004
Metadata
Title
Specification of the Vulnerability of Physical Systems
Authors
Hormoz Modaressi
Nicolas Desramaut
Pierre Gehl
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities

Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8834-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-017-8835-9

Copyright Year: 2014

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8835-9_5