Spreadsheets and GIS in Integral Modeling

In this article some examples of spreadsheet-based environmental models developed at the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) and used within environmental surveys are given. It is pointed out, that spreadsheets are a powerful tool in the hands of modelers, but should not be their only tool. In order to obtain acceptable results with very abstract models, the need for statistical information on results is large. A start has been made to incorporate these methods in RIVM’s integral models.