Stimulatory Impact of Stymjod on Sorghum Plant Growth, Physiological Activity and Biomass Production in Field Conditions

The effects of a new generation ecological nano-organic-mineral fertilizer Stymjod made by PHU Jeznach Sp.J., Poland [1], applied 1 and 2 times to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) plants at concentration of 0.1–3.0% on their growth in field conditions and physiological activity were studied, in order to explore the possibility of increasing energy biomass yield. Stymjod applied to plants, greatly increased dynamics of their growth, fresh and dry biomass yield. These improvements were associated with a greater activity of the selected physiological events which make the essential impact on plant development and production of biomass, including activity of enzymes: acid (pH = 6.0), alkaline (pH = 7.5) phosphatase, RNase and dehydrogenase. The growth of plants was related to the increased physiological activities in leaves, measured by the index of chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration. The increased growth of sorghum plants and their biomass yield were determined by the percentage and number of applications of the studied biological compound to leaves. Stymjod applied to plants at concentration of 1.5–3% was most effective in increasing the plant growth, fresh and dry biomass yield and physiological activity in leaves than 0.1–0.75%. Similarly, its double application was more effective in improving growth of plants. The positive effect of Stymjod on development, biomass yield and physiological activity of plants indicates its suitability in sorghum cultivation, which may limit the use of synthetic fertilizers, favorably affect the environment and reduce the amount of toxic substances in plants.