Top

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment

Published in:

01-04-2024 | Original Paper

Study of pore space variation characteristics of soil samples at different depths in loess strata

Authors: Ziyu Wang, Qiang Sun, Nianqin Wang, Hong Ao, Yuan Xin

Published in: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment | Issue 4/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The porosity and permeability characteristics of loess are crucial in studying the soil stability of loess strata. In this paper, porosity and permeability were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests using soils from different depths of loess strata in the same section in the Fugu area. The results show a range in the soil porosity of 15.092~5.190%, with an overall decreasing trend with the increase in depth. The change trend of soil permeability is similar to that of soil porosity. The permeability changes from 0.612 to 0.011 md, and gradually decreases with the increase of depth. The change in porosity is also prominent in the layer with significant permeability changes. Micropores predominate in the loess layer’s pore structure during the loess layer’s compaction process, and the permeability falls as the number of micropores rises. Calcareous nodules are more likely to form in layers with significant permeability changes. The findings of this study have significance in the engineering construction of loess strata in the Loess Plateau area.

previous article A sustainable utilization of waste foundry sand in soil stabilization: a review

next article Cyclic dynamic-static loading and acoustic emission signal monitoring method of coal in solid–gas coupling environment and its application

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Available only for authorised users

Balsam W, Ji JF, Chen J (2004) Climatic interpretation of the Luochuan and Lingtai loess sections, China, based on changing iron oxide mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility. Earth Planet Sci Lett 223(3–4):335–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.023CrossRef

Buggle B, Hambach U, Müller K, Zöller L, Markovi´c SB, Glaser B (2014) Iron mineralogical proxies and quaternary climate change in SE-European loess-paleosol sequences. CATENA 117:4–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.012CrossRef

Cao Y, Yuan G, Li X, Wang Y, Xi K, Wang X, Yang T (2014) Characteristics and origin of abnormally high porosity zones in buried Paleogene clastic reservoirs in the Shengtuo area, Dongying Sag, East China. Pet Sci 11(3):346–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-014-0349-yCrossRef

Chen F, Zhao H, Lu S, Ding X, Ju Y (2019) The effects of composition, laminar structure and burial depth on connected pore characteristics in a shale oil reservoir, the Raoyang Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin, China. Mar Pet Geol 101:290–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.12.012CrossRef

Costabel S, Yaramanci U (2011) Relative hydraulic conductivity and effective saturation from Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance–a method for assessing the vadose zone. Near Surf Geophys 9(2):155–167. https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2010055CrossRef

Derbyshire E (2001) Geological hazards in loess terrain, with particular reference to the loess regions of China. Earth-Sci Rev 54(1–3):231–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00050-2CrossRef

Eger A, Almond PC, Condron LM (2012) Upbuilding pedogenesis under active loess deposition in a super-humid, temperate climate—quantification of deposition rates, soil chemistry and pedogenic thresholds. Geoderma 189–190:491–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.019CrossRef

Ehrenberg SN, Nadeau PH (2005) Sandstone vs. carbonate petroleum reservoirs: a global perspective on porosity-depth and porosity-permeability relationships. AAPG Bull 89(4):435–445. https://doi.org/10.1306/11230404071CrossRef

Freiburg JT, Ritzi RW, Kehoe KS (2016) Depositional and diagenetic controls on anomalously high porosity within a deeply buried CO2 storage reservoir—the Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin, USA. Int J Greenh Gas Control 55:42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.11.005CrossRef

He XB, Tang KL, Zhang XB (2004) Soil erosion dynamics on the Chinese Loess Plateau in the last 10,000 years. Mt Res Dev 24(4):342–347. https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741CrossRef

Hu JJ, Xie HP, Li CB, Liu GK (2024) Evolution mechanism of permeability of hot dry rock under coupled effect of thermal fatigue and seawater interaction during coastal geothermal development. Renew Sust Energ Rev 189:114061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114061

Jing XD, Sun Q, Jia HL, Ge ZL, Wang T (2021) Influence of high-temperature thermal cycles on the pore structure of red sandstone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80(10):7817–7830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02389-xCrossRef

Kukla G, Heller F, Liu XM, Xu TC, Liu TS, An ZS (1988) Pleistocene climates in China dated by magnetic susceptibility. Geology 16:811–814. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613CrossRef

Li X, Li LC (2017) Quantification of the pore structures of Malan loess and the effects on loess permeability and environmental significance, Shaanxi Province, China: an experimental study. Environ Earth Sci 76(15):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6855-7CrossRef

Liang LJ, Sun Y, Beets CJ, Prins MA, Wu F, Vandenberghe J (2013) Impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the geochemistry of Jingyuan loess in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau. J Asian Earth Sci 69:177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.015CrossRef

Liu DS (1988) Loess in China. China Ocean, Beijing. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133306071148

Liu K, Yuan KZ, Wu K (2020) Effect of Water Content and Dry Density on Mechanical Properties of Compaction Loess. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing 598:012063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/598/1/012063

Liu TS, Ding ZL (1998) Chinese loess and the palemonsoon. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 26:111. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.111CrossRef

Liu TS, An ZS, Yuan BY, Han JM (1985) The loess-paleosol sequence in China and climatic history. Episodes 8:21–28. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i1/003CrossRef

Ma YD, Zhao JB, Liu R, Zhou Q, Yin LP (2018) Formation and movement of groundwater in the thick loess-palaeosol sequences of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Pedosphere 28(6):895–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60419-3CrossRef

Maurer J, Knight R (2016) Models and methods for predicting hydraulic conductivity in near-surface unconsolidated sediments using nuclear magnetic resonance. Geophysics 81(5):D503–D518. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0515.1CrossRef

Monsees AC, Busch B, Hilgers C (2021) Compaction control on diagenesis and reservoir quality development in red bed sandstones: a case study of Permian Rotliegend sandstones. Int J Earth Sci 110(5):1683–1711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02036-6CrossRef

Romero E, Simms PH (2008) Microstructure investigation in unsaturated soils: a review with special attention to contribution of mercury intrusion porosimetry and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Geotech Geol Eng 26(6):705–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-008-9204-5CrossRef

Shi FG, Zhang CZ, Zhang JB, Zhang XN, Yao J (2017) The changing pore size distribution of swelling and shrinking soil revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. J Soils Sediments 17(1):61–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1511-5CrossRef

Smalley IJ, Jefferson IF, Dijkstra TA, Deryire E (2001) Some major events in the development of the scientific study of loess. Earth-Sci Rev 54(1–3):5–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00038-1CrossRef

Smalley IJ, Marković SB, Svirčev Z (2011) Loess is [almost totally formed by] the accumulation of dust. Quat Int 240(1–2):4–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.07.011CrossRef

Sun DH, Wu X, Liu DS (1996) Evolution of the summer monsoon regime over the Loess Plateau of the last 150 ka. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 39:503–511. https://doi.org/10.1360/yd1996-39-5-503CrossRef

Wang S, Qi J, Fan Y, Yao X (2013) A novel method for estimating settlement of embankments in cold regions. Cold Reg Sci Technol 88:50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.12.009CrossRef

Wang S, Qi J, Yin Z, Zhang J, Wei M (2014) A simple rheological element based creep model for frozen soils. Cold Reg Sci Technol 106:47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.06.007CrossRef

Wang SH, Ding JL, Xu J, Ren JW, Yang YG (2019) Shear strength behavior of coarse-grained saline soils after freeze-thaw. KSCE J Civ Eng 23(6):2437–2452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0197-9CrossRef

Wang HM, Ni WK, Yuan KZ, Li L, Nie YP, Guo YX (2021) Microstructure evolution of loess under multiple collapsibility based on nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy. J Mt Sci 18(10):2612–2625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6838-8CrossRef

Weibel R, Olivarius M, Jakobsen FC, Whitehouse M, Larsen M, Midtgaard H, Nielsen K (2019) Thermogenetic degradation of early zeolite cement: an important process for generating anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs? Mar. Pet Geol 103:620–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.02.006CrossRef

Wen BP, Yan YJ (2014) Influence of structure on shear characteristics of the unsaturated loess in Lanzhou, China. Eng Geol 168:46–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.023CrossRef

Xu L, Coop MR (2016) Influence of structure on the behavior of a saturated clayey loess. Can Geotech J 53(6):1026–1037. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0200CrossRef

Xu J, Li YF, Ren C, Lan W (2020) Damage of saline intact loess after dry-wet and its interpretation based on SEM and NMR. Soils Found 60(4):911–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.06.006CrossRef

Yang GS, You ZY, Wu D, Zhao LQ (2019) Experimental study on the relationship between pore size distribution and mechanical properties of undisturbed loess under freezing and thawing environment. Coal Eng (3):107–112

Ye WJ, Wu YT, Yang GS, Jing HJ, Chang SB, Chen M (2019) Study on fine microstructure and macro mechanical properties of ancient soil under the action of dry wet cycle. J rock Mech Eng 10:12

Zhao JB (2002) Illuvial Theory and Environment Evolution in Loess Plateau (in Chinese). Science, Beijing

Zhuang JQ, Peng JB, Wang GH, Javed L, Wang Y, Li W (2018) Distribution and characteristics of landslide in Loess Plateau: a case study in Shaanxi province. Eng Geol 236:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.03.001CrossRef

Title: Study of pore space variation characteristics of soil samples at different depths in loess strata
Authors: Ziyu Wang
Qiang Sun
Nianqin Wang
Hong Ao
Yuan Xin
Publication date: 01-04-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment / Issue 4/2024
Print ISSN: 1435-9529
Electronic ISSN: 1435-9537
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-024-03640-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 4/2024

Research on fine collection and interpretation methods of discontinuities on high-steep rock slopes based on UAV multi-angle nap-of-the-object photogrammetry

Study on the particle breakage of coral sand in the ring shear experiment

Formation mechanism and evolution of the Jiaju landslide in the Dadu River, China

Prediction of debris flow blocking river hazard chain by the numerical simulation: the Cutou catchment, Wenchuan County, China

Cyclic dynamic-static loading and acoustic emission signal monitoring method of coal in solid–gas coupling environment and its application

Cutting efficiency of extremely hard granite by high-pressure water jet and prediction model of cutting depth based on energy method