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2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. The Crisis of Established Politics and the Emergence of the Nationalist Right

Author : Yiannos Katsourides

Published in: The Greek Cypriot Nationalist Right in the Era of British Colonialism

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter examines the first major popular conflict in Cyprus: the fight for title of Archbishop of Cyprus. As noted earlier, the Archbishop was the highest authority of both the Church and the Greek Cypriots. This conflict was also a battle between the traditionalists and the nationalists, and the catalyst for the nationalisation and ideologisation of the masses in Cyprus as well as for the emersion and establishment of nationalist politics in Cyprus. I look into the causes of the conflict, the social forces behind the two opposing camps as well as their political discourse and organisation, and the impact on citizen participation in civic elections.

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previous chapter Modernisation and the Church as an Institution of Continuity

next chapter Politicising Nationalism and Anti-Colonialism: The Nationalist Milieu

Papademetris and Petrides (1979–1980, Volumes II and III, 294–301 and 377–411, respectively) give examples of these clashes which mainly took place during the election of Bishops.

See also ‘Introduction to the Ecclesiastical Question’, Neos Anthropos, 18 September 1926, 4.

For example, ‘The big rally in Morphou, annex to Evagoras, 8 September 1901.

The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the fourteen autocephalous churches (or jurisdictions) that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Because of its historical location at the capital of the former Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and its role as the Mother Church of most modern Orthodox churches, the Ecumenical Patriarchate holds a special place of honour within Orthodoxy and serves as the seat for the Ecumenical Patriarch, who enjoys the status of Primus inter pares (first among equals) among the world’s Eastern Orthodox prelates and is widely regarded as the representative and spiritual leader of the world’s 300 million Orthodox Christians.

In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Greek Orthodox Church. In Oriental Orthodoxy the Holy Synod is the highest authority in the church and it formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of church organisation, faith, and order of service.

‘The gang of desperation’, Evagoras, 15 September 1901, 4.

‘Long live Union’, annex to Evagoras, 22 September 1901.

Limbourides (1997, 14) provides some details about the two candidates: the Bishop of Kyrenia, ‘Kyrilloudin’ (1859–1933) and the Bishop of Kition, ‘Kyrillatsos’ (1845–1916).

‘The discourse of Theodotou’, annex to Evagoras, 8 September 1901; ‘The victory of 27 September’, Evagoras, 4 October 1901, 1.

‘The discourse of Theodotou’, annex to Evagoras, 8 September 1901.

‘Elect the essential people to the Legislative Council’, Foni tis Kyprou, 28 September 1901, 3.

‘Resolution for the meeting’, Foni tis Kyprou, 19 October 1900, 2; ‘The parliamentary issues’, Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1901, 1; see also Frangoudes 2002, 115); Koudounaris (1995, 28, 30, 142–143, 155–156, 158, 164, 191, 194, 210).

‘Drive out the night crows’, annex to Evagoras, 22 September 1901; ‘Long live the national list’, annex to Evagoras, 26 September 1901.

‘Long live the national list of candidates’, annex to Evagoras, 26 September 1901; ‘The victory of 28 September’, Evagoras, 4 October 1901, 1.

Romiosini is an ambiguous term. As a word it signifies Hellenism in the Middle ages. The origin of the word Romiosini is from being part of the Roman Empire—eastern Rome which became the Byzantine Empire which was largely Greek and based around its capital Constantinople. Therefore, the word mixes both Hellenism and Byzantinism and is difficult to describe exactly.

‘The word of Theodotou’, annex to Evagoras, 8 September 1901; ‘The triumph of the national camp’, annex to Evagoras, 20 September 1901; ‘Long live the national list of candidates’, annex to Evagoras, 26 September 1901.

‘The triumph of the national camp’, annex to Evagoras, 20 September 1901; ‘Long live the national list of candidates’, annex to Evagoras, 26 September 1901.

See for example, ‘The Freemasonry Movement’, annex to Foni tis Kyprou, 9 March 1900; ‘The anti-Christian blasphemies of Mr Katalanos’, annex to Foni tis Kyprou, 23 March 1900; ‘The Masonic movement and Mr Katalanos’, annex to Foni tis Kyprou, 26 March 1900; ‘New blasphemies by the freemason Mr Katalanos’, annex to Foni tis Kyprou, 6 April 1900; ‘The confusion of the freemason Mr Katalanos’, annex to Foni tis Kyprou, 13 April 1900; ‘The freemason author of Evagoras only worthy of pity’, annex to Foni tis Kyprou, 4 May 1900.

Annex to Evagoras, 8 September 1901.

Foni tis Kyprou, 24 August 1900, 1–2.

‘The institution of the election of bishops: the politicians’ view’, Eleftheria, 1 June 1918, 2; Eleftheria, 8 June 1918, 1; Eleftheria, 15 June 1918, 1.

‘The institution of the election of bishops: the politicians’ view’, Eleftheria, 1 June 1918, 2; Eleftheria, 8 June 1; Eleftheria, 15 June 1918, 1.

‘Drive out the night crows’, annex to Evagoras, 22 September 1901.

See for example, Foni tis Kyprou, 15 September 1900, 1.

‘The big rally in Morphou’, annex to Evagoras, 8 September 1901; ‘The triumph of the national camp’, annex to Evagoras, 20 September 1901.

‘The religious association Orthodoxy’, Foni tis Kyprou, 17 August 1900, 3.

‘Long live the national list of candidates’, annex to Evagoras, 26 September 1901.

‘In association’, Foni tis Kyprou, 31 August 1900, p. 2.

‘Major rally in the reading room of the association Orthodoxy’, Foni tis Kyprou, 7 September 1900, 2; ‘The religious association and the spread of the sacred sermon in Cyprus’, Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1900, 3; ‘Speeches in the Orthodoxy reading room’, Foni tis Kyprou, 14 December 1900, 3.

‘In association’, Foni tis Kyprou, 16 November 1901, 2.

‘Resolution to the Synod’, Foni tis Kyprou, 19 October 1900, 2.

‘Vote’, Evagoras, 8 September 1901, 2.

See also ‘Party innovations’, Eleftheria, 18 December 1908, 3.

‘Electoral issues’, Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1900, 2.

‘Resolution to the Synod’, Foni tis Kyprou, 19 October 1900, 2.

‘Long live the national list of candidates’, annex to Eleftheria, 26 September 1901; ‘Who should the people elect?’ Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1901, 1; ‘Parliamentary issues’, Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1901, 3.

‘Long live the national list of candidates’, annex to Evagoras, 26 September 1901.

‘Who should the people elect?’, Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1901, 1.

‘From Paphos. The parliamentary issues’, Foni tis Kyprou, 21 September 1901, 3; ‘From Varosha. The parliamentary issues’, Foni tis Kyprou, 3 October 1901, 4.

Michels (1997, 289) wrote that in the case of young people who wanted to overturn the older generation in a variety of institutions and contexts, as soon as they achieved the goal of taking over positions of power, they underwent an internal transformation and essentially became like their predecessors. ‘Today’s revolutionaries are tomorrow’s reactionaries’, as he writes characteristically.

TNA, CO 926/171, ‘Cyprus internal political situation, Cyprus 1954–1956’, Political Influence of the Greek Orthodox Church in Cyprus, 28 August 1954, 7.

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Title: The Crisis of Established Politics and the Emergence of the Nationalist Right
Author: Yiannos Katsourides
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: The Greek Cypriot Nationalist Right in the Era of British Colonialism
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55534-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-55536-2

Copyright Year: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55536-2_6