Skip to main content
Top
Published in: OR Spectrum 1/2015

01-01-2015 | Regular Article

The dynamic replica placement problem with service levels in content delivery networks: a model and a simulated annealing heuristic

Authors: Rainer Kolisch, André Dahlmann

Published in: OR Spectrum | Issue 1/2015

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Dynamically assigning copies (replicas) of internet files to regionally placed servers is a crucial planning problem for content delivery network providers. Their goal is to minimize placement, storage and delivery costs while fulfilling service-level agreements. Although there is considerable work on simplified versions of this problem such as the static case, the dynamic problem with all three cost types and service-level constraints has yet not been considered in the literature. This paper provides a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation for the problem as well as a simulated annealing metaheuristic. A computational study is employed to assess the simulated annealing heuristic and the MIP employing a state-of-the-art solver.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Aarts E, Korst J,Wil M (2005) Simulated annealing. In Burke EK, Kendall G (eds) Search methodologies. Springer, New York Aarts E, Korst J,Wil M (2005) Simulated annealing. In Burke EK, Kendall G (eds) Search methodologies. Springer, New York
go back to reference Ahrens J (1977) A code for the transportation problem. In: Technical report, Universität Kiel, Kiel Ahrens J (1977) A code for the transportation problem. In: Technical report, Universität Kiel, Kiel
go back to reference Aikens CH (1985) Facility location models for distribution planning. Eur J Oper Res 22(3):263–279CrossRef Aikens CH (1985) Facility location models for distribution planning. Eur J Oper Res 22(3):263–279CrossRef
go back to reference Aioffi WM, Mateus GR, Almeida JM, Melo RC (2004) Dynamic content placement for mobile content distribution networks. In: Chi C-H , van Steen M, Wills C (eds) Web content caching and distribution, vol 3293. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–33 Aioffi WM, Mateus GR, Almeida JM, Melo RC (2004) Dynamic content placement for mobile content distribution networks. In: Chi C-H , van Steen M, Wills C (eds) Web content caching and distribution, vol 3293. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–33
go back to reference Baentsch M, Baum L, Molter G, Rothkugel S, Sturm P (1997) Enhancing the web’s infrastructure: from caching to replication. IEEE Internet Comput 1(2):18–27CrossRef Baentsch M, Baum L, Molter G, Rothkugel S, Sturm P (1997) Enhancing the web’s infrastructure: from caching to replication. IEEE Internet Comput 1(2):18–27CrossRef
go back to reference Bartolini N, Presti F, Petrioli C (2003) Optimal dynamic replica placement in content delivery networks. In: The 11th IEEE international conference on networks, ICON 2003, pp 125–130 Bartolini N, Presti F, Petrioli C (2003) Optimal dynamic replica placement in content delivery networks. In: The 11th IEEE international conference on networks, ICON 2003, pp 125–130
go back to reference Chen Y, Katz R, Kubiatowicz J (2002) Dynamic replica placement for scalable content delivery. In: Druschel P, Kaashoek F, Rowstron A (eds) Peer-to-peer systems, vol 2429. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, New York, pp 306–318 Chen Y, Katz R, Kubiatowicz J (2002) Dynamic replica placement for scalable content delivery. In: Druschel P, Kaashoek F, Rowstron A (eds) Peer-to-peer systems, vol 2429. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, New York, pp 306–318
go back to reference Chen Y, Qiu L, Chen W, Nguyen L, Katz R (2003) Efficient and adaptive web replication using content clustering. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 21(6):979–994CrossRef Chen Y, Qiu L, Chen W, Nguyen L, Katz R (2003) Efficient and adaptive web replication using content clustering. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 21(6):979–994CrossRef
go back to reference Chu W (1969) Optimal file allocation in a multiple computer system. IEEE Trans Comput C-18(10):885–889 Chu W (1969) Optimal file allocation in a multiple computer system. IEEE Trans Comput C-18(10):885–889
go back to reference Cidon I, Kutten S, Soffer R (2002) Optimal allocation of electronic content. Comput Netw 40(2):205–218CrossRef Cidon I, Kutten S, Soffer R (2002) Optimal allocation of electronic content. Comput Netw 40(2):205–218CrossRef
go back to reference De Reyck B, Herroelen W (1996) On the use of the complexity index as a measure of complexity in activity networks. Eur J Oper Res 91(2):347–366CrossRef De Reyck B, Herroelen W (1996) On the use of the complexity index as a measure of complexity in activity networks. Eur J Oper Res 91(2):347–366CrossRef
go back to reference Dilley J, Maggs B, Parikh J, Prokop H, Sitaraman R, Weihl B (2002) Globally distributed content delivery. IEEE Internet Comput 6(5):50–58CrossRef Dilley J, Maggs B, Parikh J, Prokop H, Sitaraman R, Weihl B (2002) Globally distributed content delivery. IEEE Internet Comput 6(5):50–58CrossRef
go back to reference Dowdy LW, Foster DV (1982) Comparative models of the file assignment problem. ACM Comput Surv 14(2):287–313CrossRef Dowdy LW, Foster DV (1982) Comparative models of the file assignment problem. ACM Comput Surv 14(2):287–313CrossRef
go back to reference Frank A, Wittie L, Bernstein A (1985) Multicast communication on network computers. IEEE Softw 2(3):49–61CrossRef Frank A, Wittie L, Bernstein A (1985) Multicast communication on network computers. IEEE Softw 2(3):49–61CrossRef
go back to reference Henderson D, Jacobson S, Johnson A (2003) The theory and practice of simulated annealing. In: Glover F, Kochenberger G (eds) Handbook of metaheuristics (international series in operations research and management science). Springer, New York Henderson D, Jacobson S, Johnson A (2003) The theory and practice of simulated annealing. In: Glover F, Kochenberger G (eds) Handbook of metaheuristics (international series in operations research and management science). Springer, New York
go back to reference Jamin S, Jin C, Jin Y, Raz D, Shavitt Y, Zhang L (2000) On the placement of internet instrumentation. In: 19th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM 2000. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 1, pp 295–304 Jamin S, Jin C, Jin Y, Raz D, Shavitt Y, Zhang L (2000) On the placement of internet instrumentation. In: 19th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM 2000. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 1, pp 295–304
go back to reference Jamin S, Jin C, Kurc A, Raz D, Shavitt Y (2001) Constrained mirror placement on the internet. In: 20th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM 2001. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 1, pp 31–40 Jamin S, Jin C, Kurc A, Raz D, Shavitt Y (2001) Constrained mirror placement on the internet. In: 20th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM 2001. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 1, pp 31–40
go back to reference Jeon WJ, Gupta I, Nahrstedt K (2006) Mmc01-6: Qos-aware object replication in overlay networks. In: Global telecommunications conference, GLOBECOM ’06. IEEE, pp 1–5 Jeon WJ, Gupta I, Nahrstedt K (2006) Mmc01-6: Qos-aware object replication in overlay networks. In: Global telecommunications conference, GLOBECOM ’06. IEEE, pp 1–5
go back to reference Jia X, Li D, Hu X, Wu W, Du D (2003) Placement of web-server proxies with consideration of read and update operations on the internet. Comput J 46(4):378–390CrossRef Jia X, Li D, Hu X, Wu W, Du D (2003) Placement of web-server proxies with consideration of read and update operations on the internet. Comput J 46(4):378–390CrossRef
go back to reference Kalpakis K, Dasgupta K, Wolfson O (2001) Optimal placement of replicas in trees with read, write, and storage costs. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 12(6):628–637CrossRef Kalpakis K, Dasgupta K, Wolfson O (2001) Optimal placement of replicas in trees with read, write, and storage costs. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 12(6):628–637CrossRef
go back to reference Kangasharju J, Roberts J, Ross KW (2002) Object replication strategies in content distribution networks. Comput Commun 25(4):376–383CrossRef Kangasharju J, Roberts J, Ross KW (2002) Object replication strategies in content distribution networks. Comput Commun 25(4):376–383CrossRef
go back to reference Karlsson M, Karamanolis C (2003) Bounds on the replication cost for QoS. In: Technical report, Hewlett Packard Labs, USA Karlsson M, Karamanolis C (2003) Bounds on the replication cost for QoS. In: Technical report, Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
go back to reference Karlsson M, Karamanolis C (2004) Choosing replica placement heuristics for wide-area systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on distributed computing systems, pp 350–359 Karlsson M, Karamanolis C (2004) Choosing replica placement heuristics for wide-area systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on distributed computing systems, pp 350–359
go back to reference Karlsson M, Mahalingam M (2002) Do we need replica placement algorithms in content delivery networks. In: 7th international workshop on web content caching and distribution (WCW) Karlsson M, Mahalingam M (2002) Do we need replica placement algorithms in content delivery networks. In: 7th international workshop on web content caching and distribution (WCW)
go back to reference Karp R (1972) Reducibility among combinatorial problems. In: Miller R, Thatcher J (eds) Complexity of computer computations. Plenum Press, London Karp R (1972) Reducibility among combinatorial problems. In: Miller R, Thatcher J (eds) Complexity of computer computations. Plenum Press, London
go back to reference Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C, Vecchi M (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220:671–680CrossRef Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C, Vecchi M (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220:671–680CrossRef
go back to reference Korupolu MR, Plaxton CG, Rajaraman R (2001) Placement algorithms for hierarchical cooperative caching. J Algorithms 38(1):260–302CrossRef Korupolu MR, Plaxton CG, Rajaraman R (2001) Placement algorithms for hierarchical cooperative caching. J Algorithms 38(1):260–302CrossRef
go back to reference Kou L, Markowsky G, Berman L (1981) A fast algorithm for steiner trees. Acta Informatica 15(2):141–145CrossRef Kou L, Markowsky G, Berman L (1981) A fast algorithm for steiner trees. Acta Informatica 15(2):141–145CrossRef
go back to reference Krarup J, Pruzan PM (1983) The simple plant location problem: survey and synthesis. Eur J Oper Res 12(1):36–81CrossRef Krarup J, Pruzan PM (1983) The simple plant location problem: survey and synthesis. Eur J Oper Res 12(1):36–81CrossRef
go back to reference Krishnan P, Raz D, Shavitt Y (2000) The cache location problem. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 8(5):568–582CrossRef Krishnan P, Raz D, Shavitt Y (2000) The cache location problem. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 8(5):568–582CrossRef
go back to reference Li B, Golin M, Italiano G, Deng X, Sohraby K (1999) On the optimal placement of web proxies in the internet. In: 18th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM ’99. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 3, pp 1282–1290 Li B, Golin M, Italiano G, Deng X, Sohraby K (1999) On the optimal placement of web proxies in the internet. In: 18th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM ’99. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 3, pp 1282–1290
go back to reference Medina A, Lakhina A, Matta I, Byers J (2001) Brite: universal topology generation from a user’s perspective. In: Technical report, Boston University, Boston Medina A, Lakhina A, Matta I, Byers J (2001) Brite: universal topology generation from a user’s perspective. In: Technical report, Boston University, Boston
go back to reference Nguyen TV, Safaei F, Boustead P, Tung C (2005) Provisioning overlay distribution networks. Comput Netw 49(1):103–118 Nguyen TV, Safaei F, Boustead P, Tung C (2005) Provisioning overlay distribution networks. Comput Netw 49(1):103–118
go back to reference Oliveira CA, Pardalos PM, Resende MG (2006) Optimization problems in multicast tree construction. In: Resende MG, Pardalos PM (eds) Handbook of optimization in telecommunications. Springer, New York Oliveira CA, Pardalos PM, Resende MG (2006) Optimization problems in multicast tree construction. In: Resende MG, Pardalos PM (eds) Handbook of optimization in telecommunications. Springer, New York
go back to reference Oliveira CAS, Pardalos PM (2005) A survey of combinatorial optimization problems in multicast routing. Comput Oper Res 32(8):1953–1981CrossRef Oliveira CAS, Pardalos PM (2005) A survey of combinatorial optimization problems in multicast routing. Comput Oper Res 32(8):1953–1981CrossRef
go back to reference Pallis G, Vakali A (2006) Insight and perspectives for content delivery networks. Commun ACM 49(1):101–106CrossRef Pallis G, Vakali A (2006) Insight and perspectives for content delivery networks. Commun ACM 49(1):101–106CrossRef
go back to reference Pathan M, Buyya R, Vakali A (2008) Content delivery networks: state of the art, insights, and imperatives. In: Buyya R, Pathan M, Vakali A (eds) Content delivery networks. Springer, New York, pp 3–32 Pathan M, Buyya R, Vakali A (2008) Content delivery networks: state of the art, insights, and imperatives. In: Buyya R, Pathan M, Vakali A (eds) Content delivery networks. Springer, New York, pp 3–32
go back to reference Paul S (1998) Multicasting on the internet and its applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Paul S (1998) Multicasting on the internet and its applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell
go back to reference Qiu L, Padmanabhan V, Voelker G (2001) On the placement of web server replicas. In: 20th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM 2001. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 3, pp 1587–1596 Qiu L, Padmanabhan V, Voelker G (2001) On the placement of web server replicas. In: 20th annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, INFOCOM 2001. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 3, pp 1587–1596
go back to reference Rabinovich M, Spatschek O (2002) Web caching and replication. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc., Boston Rabinovich M, Spatschek O (2002) Web caching and replication. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc., Boston
go back to reference Radoslavov P, Govindan R, Estrin D (2002) Topology-informed internet replica placement. Comput Commun 25(4):384–392CrossRef Radoslavov P, Govindan R, Estrin D (2002) Topology-informed internet replica placement. Comput Commun 25(4):384–392CrossRef
go back to reference Rahul HS, Kasbekar M, Sitaraman RK, Berger AW (2008) Performance and availability benefits of global overlay routing. In: Buyya R, Pathan M, Vakali A (eds) Content delivery networks. Springer, New York, pp 251–274 Rahul HS, Kasbekar M, Sitaraman RK, Berger AW (2008) Performance and availability benefits of global overlay routing. In: Buyya R, Pathan M, Vakali A (eds) Content delivery networks. Springer, New York, pp 251–274
go back to reference Shi S, Turner J (2002) Placing servers in overlay networks. In: Symposium on performance evaluation of computer and telecommunication systems (SPETS) Shi S, Turner J (2002) Placing servers in overlay networks. In: Symposium on performance evaluation of computer and telecommunication systems (SPETS)
go back to reference Tang X, Xu J (2005) QoS-aware replica placement for content distribution. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 16(10):921–932CrossRef Tang X, Xu J (2005) QoS-aware replica placement for content distribution. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 16(10):921–932CrossRef
go back to reference Unger O, Cidon I (2004) Optimal content location in multicast based overlay networks with content updates. World Wide Web 7(3):315–336CrossRef Unger O, Cidon I (2004) Optimal content location in multicast based overlay networks with content updates. World Wide Web 7(3):315–336CrossRef
go back to reference Vakali A, Pallis G (2003) Content delivery networks: status and trends. IEEE Internet Comput 7(6):68–74CrossRef Vakali A, Pallis G (2003) Content delivery networks: status and trends. IEEE Internet Comput 7(6):68–74CrossRef
go back to reference Verma DC (2002) Content distribution networks: an engineering approach. John Wiley , New York Verma DC (2002) Content distribution networks: an engineering approach. John Wiley , New York
go back to reference Voss S (1990) Steiner-Probleme in Graphen. Anton Hain, Germany Voss S (1990) Steiner-Probleme in Graphen. Anton Hain, Germany
go back to reference Voss S (2006) Steiner tree problems in telecommunications. In: Resende MG, Pardalos PM (eds) Handbook of optimization in telecommunications. Springer, New York, pp 459–492 Voss S (2006) Steiner tree problems in telecommunications. In: Resende MG, Pardalos PM (eds) Handbook of optimization in telecommunications. Springer, New York, pp 459–492
go back to reference Waxman B (1988) Routing of multipoint connections. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 6(9):1617–1622CrossRef Waxman B (1988) Routing of multipoint connections. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 6(9):1617–1622CrossRef
go back to reference Wittmann R, Zitterbart M (1999) Multicast communication: protocols and applications. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., Burlington Wittmann R, Zitterbart M (1999) Multicast communication: protocols and applications. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., Burlington
go back to reference Wolfson O, Milo A (1991) The multicast policy and its relationship to replicated data placement. ACM Trans Database Syst 16(1):181–205CrossRef Wolfson O, Milo A (1991) The multicast policy and its relationship to replicated data placement. ACM Trans Database Syst 16(1):181–205CrossRef
go back to reference Xu J, Li B, Lee DL (2002) Placement problems for transparent data replication proxy services. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 20(7):1383–1398CrossRef Xu J, Li B, Lee DL (2002) Placement problems for transparent data replication proxy services. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 20(7):1383–1398CrossRef
go back to reference Zhang X, Wang W, Tan X, Zhu Y (2003) Data replication at web proxies in content distribution network. In: Zhou X, Orlowska ME, Zhang Y (eds) Web technologies and applications, vol 2642. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, New York, pp 560–569 Zhang X, Wang W, Tan X, Zhu Y (2003) Data replication at web proxies in content distribution network. In: Zhou X, Orlowska ME, Zhang Y (eds) Web technologies and applications, vol 2642. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, New York, pp 560–569
Metadata
Title
The dynamic replica placement problem with service levels in content delivery networks: a model and a simulated annealing heuristic
Authors
Rainer Kolisch
André Dahlmann
Publication date
01-01-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
OR Spectrum / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0171-6468
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6304
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-013-0358-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

OR Spectrum 1/2015 Go to the issue