5. Theoretical Study of Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antenna and Its Arrays

Novel design of equilateral triangular microstrip antenna is proposed at X-band frequency. The antenna is designed, fabricated and tested for single and multiband operation. This study presents the theory developed with respect to the experimental work carried out on design and development of equilateral triangular microstrip array antenna (ETMAA). The experimental impedance bandwidth of single element conventional equilateral triangular microstrip antenna (CETMA) is found to be 5.02 %. The two, four and eight elements of ETMAA have been designed and fabricated using low cost glass epoxy substrate material. The array elements are excited using corporate feed technique. The effect of slot in enhancing the impedance bandwidth is studied by placing the slot in the radiating elements of ETMAA. The study is also made by exciting the array element of ETMAA through aperture coupling. For eight elements, maximum 33.8 % impedance bandwidth is achieved, which is 6.73 times more than the impedance bandwidth of conventional single element CETMA. The experimental impedance bandwidths are verified theoretically and they are in good agreement. The obtained experimental results and theoretical study of the proposed antennas are given and discussed in detail.