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01-10-2014

Throughput analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled MAC protocol in the presence of hidden nodes

Authors: S. Wijetunge, U. Gunawardana, R. Liyanapathirana

Published in: Wireless Networks | Issue 7/2014

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Abstract

The presence of hidden nodes degrades the performance of wireless networks due to an excessive amount of data frame collisions. The IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) protocol, which is widely used in current wireless sensor networks, does not provide any hidden node avoidance mechanisms and consequently could lead to severe performance degradation in networks with hidden nodes. This paper presents a simple technique based on discrete-time Markov chain analysis to approximate the throughput of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in the presence of hidden nodes. Using different network configurations, we validate the applicability of the proposed analysis for generic star-topology networks. Based on the analysis, the effects of network size, topology, frame length and frame arrival rate on the throughput of the system are investigated.

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The beacon-enabled mode is widely used with WSNs in particular for synchronised monitoring applications [22]

A similar DTMC based analysis has been proposed in [3] to model the common channel in IEEE 802.15.4 star topology networks when all nodes share the same carrier sensing range. Because of the absence of hidden nodes, the DTMC presented in [3] has a less number of states, and its transition probabilities can be easily derived by modelling the behaviour of only a single node.

BO = 6 is only used as an input for simulations. There is no significant impact of the value of BO parameter on the protocol’s throughput in always active networks (i.e., networks where beacon order (BO) = superframe order (SO)), in particular for higher BOs [3].

Fairness indicates how fair a node in a given group gets the opportunity to contribute to the network throughput. For a given network, Fairness of Group j is expressed as

$$Fairness\, of\, Group\, j = \frac{Th_{max-network} - Th_{min-Group\, j}}{Th_{max-network}}$$

where Th _max-network and $Th_{min-Group\; j}$ represent the maximum throughput value contributed by a node from the entire network and the minimum throughput value contributed by a node from that particular group, respectively.

Nodes in Fig. 11(a) and (b) are numbered for the simplicity of explanation.

We assume symmetric hearing between nodes, i.e., Node A hears Node B $\Longleftrightarrow$ Node B hears Node A Node A cannot hear Node B $\Longleftrightarrow$ Node B cannot hear Node A.

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Title: Throughput analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled MAC protocol in the presence of hidden nodes
Authors: S. Wijetunge
U. Gunawardana
R. Liyanapathirana
Publication date: 01-10-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Wireless Networks / Issue 7/2014
Print ISSN: 1022-0038
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8196
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0637-2

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