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2023 | Book

Torn Many Ways

Politics, Conflict and Emotion in Research

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About this book

This edited collection brings together a range of experiences from the field, largely in the context of CSCW and HCI. It focuses specifically on the experiences of people who have worked in difficult, tense, delicate and sometimes conflictual and dangerous settings. The tensions faced by researchers and, more importantly, how they manage to deal with them are often under-remarked. Unlike the bulk of published ethnographic work, the chapters in this book deal more explicitly with the various practical problems that researchers with varying degrees of experience face.

Our aim in this book is to give a voice to researchers who have sometimes contended with unexpected issues and who sometimes have had to face them on their own. We explore incidents which may entail emotional conflict, embarrassment and shame, feelings of isolation, arguments with other members of a team, political pressures, and ideological confusions, to name but a few. Senior figures in research laboratories and elsewhere may provide intellectual direction and support but may not always recognise the personal and problematic nature of qualitative enquiry undertaken by relatively inexperienced researchers. The chapters examine feelings of isolation, the difficulty of ‘taking sides’, the negotiation of personal, ethical, and political pressures in the field, and dealing with conflicting visions of what the research should be about.

The book is a resource for those embarking on the challenges of working in unfamiliar or difficult settings and moreover should act as a reminder to academics who might have forgotten the practical issues that researchers can face and how they deal with them.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This book arose out of ongoing discussions which took place amongst the authors and editors on various occasions over a considerable period of time.
David Randall, Max Krüger, Debora de Castro Leal, Peter Tolmie
Chapter 2. Intercultural Misunderstandings: An Indian-Dutch Research Project in the Early 1970s
Abstract
In this chapter, we reflect on communication and cooperation between Indian and Dutch sociologists in a research project (1970–1971) in South Gujarat, India. We concentrate on the human side of counterpart cooperation. As sociologists, the Indian and Dutch team members were interested in processes of social change in a rapidly growing Indian town. In the team itself, however, they also became participant observers of their own cultural differences. Both Indian and Dutch scholars were representatives of their respective socio-cultural milieus, which sometimes led to painful misunderstandings. Their experiences show how culturally based disparities influenced the human relationships of the team members and thus the work of the team as a whole.
Klaas van der Veen, Sjaak van der Geest
Chapter 3. Messy Tales from Fieldwork for Design
Abstract
Fieldwork is a central component in several research methodologies and traditions, and there are many handbooks dedicated to the craftmanship of how to do fieldwork. Nevertheless, fieldwork often tends to be described in many of these books in a relatively problem-free fashion. Within the fields of HCI and CSCW, most literature typically focuses on research outcomes and findings, providing a limited description of the fieldwork process. This is typically sanitized from the messy complexities that fieldwork unavoidably entails. This chapter lifts the veil and sheds light on the behind-the-scenes processes of constructing the research project and the field site, focusing specifically on messy encounters experienced during fieldwork. Drawing inspiration from feminist studies, reflexive research, and confessionals, I provide snapshots of messy situations from four different research projects. The intention of this chapter is to orient fieldwork gaze towards messy uncertainties and demonstrate how these can be used as a catalyst for learning, challenging perceived understandings, and sparking new insights about the research, the researcher, and the participants.
Nina Boulus-Rødje
Chapter 4. Becoming an Activist, Becoming a Researcher
Abstract
In this chapter, I reflect on my own career and in particular the challenges I faced as, firstly, an activist and, secondly, an academic. The journey has been difficult at times but ultimately I have come to see that activism and academic work can reflect back on each other in productive ways.
Debora de Castro Leal
Chapter 5. Another Rant About Technology
Abstract
Ethnographic studies are typically understood to make a significant, even foundational, contribution to contextual design. Nevertheless, even when participatory principles are brought to bear, there are sometimes situations where a more ‘critical’ lens is required, one which focuses on the political backdrop to design decisions. In this chapter, we discuss the notion of ‘problematisation’ as a strategy for challenging the assumptions that underpin many decisions and our own reactions to being confronted with challenges that were largely beyond our control.
Naja Holten Møller, Marisa Leavitt Cohn
Chapter 6. Minutes to Deportation: Confronting Danger and Threat in the Levant
Abstract
In this chapter, I have deliberately avoided an academic register, believing that my own personal history conveys a great deal more than dry, theoretical, writing. I enjoyed writing this—it helped me organize my own thoughts about various issues and come to terms better with the relationship between personal position and academic need. I will mainly address the many common types of messiness expected to happen when it comes to the work of an ethnographer—or any research team member in the Middle East (specifically the Levant). It examines the many characteristics of the people, society, and political context; including pride, dignity, family lineage, tribal affiliation, trust, the love for sharing experiences, oppression, insecurity, poverty, conflict, and wars that contribute to having unpredicted situations with participants while doing fieldwork when these issues have not been foreseen. Further, it examines the many practical issues that explain the resulting messiness. Positionality is also discussed. All this I do through telling the story of my own journey, a journey that involved significant personal, political, cultural, and bureaucratic challenges. I start with a brief introduction to the Levant and follow it with stories and experiences from the field, concluding with lessons and takeaways.
Salah Aldin Falioun
Chapter 7. “Would You Say, I Can Get My Money Back?”
Abstract
In this chapter, I try to describe the experience, as someone new to research, of engaging with people who had been, in various ways, defrauded. I was not prepared for the emotional toll it had on me, nor for the fact that I was pretty much left to my own devices when navigating my way through interactions with a range of people. I was surprised and, to be honest, a little dismayed by the trust they placed in me as they laid bare some painful experiences.
Fatemeh Alizadeh
Chapter 8. Taking Ethics Seriously
Abstract
In this chapter, I reflect on the ethical challenges involved in doing research into a topic which involves some risk to participants and therefore how carefully I needed to proceed. At the same time, the research raised a number of issues not only about my responsibilities as a researcher but also the way in which ethical issues are dealt with institutionally in a ‘one size fits all’ manner which does not at all reflect the real and practical issues we as qualitative researchers face.
Sima Amirkhani
Chapter 9. Designing AI Tools to Address Power Imbalances in Digital Labor Platforms
Abstract
The artificial intelligence industry has been essential in creating new jobs for the deployment of real-world solutions. As a result, the implementation of these new jobs involves the execution of multiple human intelligence micro-tasks, such as data labeling tasks for training machine learning models. The workers who perform those tasks, also known as crowd workers, usually are independent workers within crowdsourcing platforms. These platforms are subject to the free market, where the forces of supply and demand produce various power dynamics among stakeholders. As a result, disassociation between stakeholders often generates unbalanced power dynamics where workers are paid below minimum wage and are intimidated to keep their reputation or face termination. Within this chapter, we introduce computational techniques to audit the workplace conditions of crowd workers and design tools to address these power imbalances, as a positive and more efficient alternative for the labor conditions of crowd workers. This chapter develops these objectives through the design and evaluation of three tools in digital labor platforms: “Invisible Labor Tracker,” “Reputation Agent,” and “CultureFit,” which we describe below. We will demonstrate the sustainability of systems that point to a future where AI can be used to audit and address power imbalances in the workplace.
Carlos Toxtli, Saiph Savage
Chapter 10. Breaking New Ground: Stories from the Wild
Abstract
In this chapter, we present an account of our experiences with the LionAlert project in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, situated between wildlife conservation, HCI for Development and Participatory Design. We do so by reporting on a dialogue between the two of us, in which we compared and contrasted the different ways in which or experience manifested for two young and inexperienced researchers.
Tanja Aal, Margarita Grinko
Chapter 11. Researching Dark Voices Within the Veil of the Academy
Abstract
I grew up in the predominantly Islamic-oriented Northern part of Nigeria where the culture of the Islamic religion influenced everyday interaction in our communities. I attended an all-boys boarding secondary school where before dawn we learn to recite (and memorize) the Qur’an, enrol in the usual science subjects during the day, and then end the day by studying Islamic scriptures (the Holy Qur’an, the Hadith, and other scholarly texts). The orientation I learned from childhood was not to be an ‘African’, but rather a Black English-like gentlemen. My chapter concentrates on the use of language rather than the analysis of structures because being ‘black’ in the academy is, above all, about language and power, about trying to find a voice. We can, I believe, provide an alternative mode of expression, one where the reader is encouraged to become more aware of the implicit danger of reading and writing in a colonizing language, one where the reader might be charged with questioning the knowledge production process of writing in HCI. Who decides what form critique should take, what rhetorics are acceptable, and why the experiences, beliefs, traditions, emotions, and feelings of someone who has actually been through it can be ignored? Why is the ‘subjective’ so discounted?
Muhammad Sadi Adamu
Chapter 12. Designing With, For, and Without Communities
Abstract
In this chapter, I present three case studies which I explored within the context of Lebanon, as a part of my doctoral research journey, revolving around social innovation within spaces of contestation. These case studies entail participatory research engagements within three distinct spaces: (1) an international humanitarian and development organisation, (2) two local organisations in Lebanon and (3) the social movement of 2019 in Lebanon. Drawing upon the analysis of these case studies, I propose a potential design framework examining four dimensions: power, co-creation of value, enactment of agency, and sustainable pathways of collective agency and action. Additionally, I discuss how within such spaces of contestation, a researcher has to constantly shift roles in order to navigate inherent complexities while being truthful to their own research and its embedded values.
Sarah Armouch
Chapter 13. Becoming Western: Reflections and Stories of Being in Western Academia
Abstract
In this chapter, we reflect on our experiences of inhabiting, occupying, and holding diverse spaces in our work, education, and research in epistemic Global North academic institutions (“Western Academia”). These are stories, narratives, and discussions we have held with each other, as persons of colour, as migrants, working within HCI, moving from the geographical Global South to the Global North. We present these reflections in an effort to juxtapose the issues presented in other chapters in this book that reflect on conducting research in non-Western contexts with our experiences as non-Westerners in Global North institutions. We hope that in doing so we recognize one of multiple visions of the complexity of HCI research across borders.
Reem Talhouk, Hussain Abid Syed
Metadata
Title
Torn Many Ways
Editors
Max Krüger
Debora De Castro Leal
David Randall
Peter Tolmie
Copyright Year
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-31642-5
Print ISBN
978-3-031-31641-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31642-5

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