Triple-hybrid sub-micron particles: Ag@polymer@silica

Methods for the synthesis of triple-hybrid (metal, organic polymer, ceramic component) submicron particles of silver@(polymer@silica) spheres were developed. The polymer@silica element of the hybrid was obtained by the entrapment of an organic polymer in silica, synthesized from its precursor monomers—tetraethoxysilane or sodium silicate—within O/W or W/O emulsion droplets, stabilized by a selected surfactant. This general method was developed for hydrophobic (polyethylene, PE), hydrophilic (polyethylene glycol, PEG) and amphiphilic (PE-b-PEG) polymers. The silver component, prepared from its salt, was incorporated by several methods, either simultaneously with the above polymer entrapment, or step-wise. Full characterization of these hybrids and proof of their triple nature is provided, including its pronounced antibacterial activity. The use of these particles as functional fillers for polypropylene fibers is demonstrated.