Skip to main content
Top

2010 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Urban Agriculture in Africa: What Has Been Learned?

Authors : Gordon Prain, Diana Lee-Smith

Published in: African Urban Harvest

Publisher: Springer New York

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Though the crisis in world food prices exploded during 2008, the problem of urban food insecurity in Africa has been a fact of life for many low-income urban dwellers for decades, and especially since the period of structural adjustment in the 1980s (Maxwell 1995). It is not that there is no food; it’s that poor urban consumers cannot afford it. This is the stark but simple truth lying behind much of the agriculture that is widespread within and around African cities. What urban households have known and practiced for generations, urban decision-makers have begun to recognize much more recently: urban agriculture is a livelihood strategy.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Although not elaborated in the chapter, these beliefs appear to relate to the power of these medicines deriving from their wild growth and its absence in cultivated versions (Schippmann et al. 2002).
 
Literature
go back to reference Baker, J & Akin Aina, T (eds) 1995, The migration experience in Africa, Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala. Baker, J & Akin Aina, T (eds) 1995, The migration experience in Africa, Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala.
go back to reference Basweti, C, Lengkeek, A, Prytz, L & Jaenicke, H 2001, ‘Tree nursery trade in urban and peri-urban areas. A survey in Nairobi and Kiambu Districts, Kenya’, RELMA Working Paper No. 13, Regional Land Management Unit (RELMA), Nairobi, Kenya. Basweti, C, Lengkeek, A, Prytz, L & Jaenicke, H 2001, ‘Tree nursery trade in urban and peri-urban areas. A survey in Nairobi and Kiambu Districts, Kenya’, RELMA Working Paper No. 13, Regional Land Management Unit (RELMA), Nairobi, Kenya.
go back to reference Bebbington, A 1999, ‘Livelihoods, capitals and capabilities: a framework for analyzing peasant viability, rural livelihoods and poverty’, World Development vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 2021–2044.CrossRef Bebbington, A 1999, ‘Livelihoods, capitals and capabilities: a framework for analyzing peasant viability, rural livelihoods and poverty’, World Development vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 2021–2044.CrossRef
go back to reference Chambers, R, Pacey, A & Thrupp, LA (eds) 1989, Farmer first, Intermediate Technology Publications, UK. Chambers, R, Pacey, A & Thrupp, LA (eds) 1989, Farmer first, Intermediate Technology Publications, UK.
go back to reference Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds) 2008, Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru. Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds) 2008, Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru.
go back to reference Ellis, F 2000, Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Ellis, F 2000, Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
go back to reference Farrington, J, Carney, D, Ashley, C & Turton, C 1999, ‘Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice: Early applications of concepts in rural areas,’ ODI – Natural Resource Perspectives vol. 42, p. 13. Farrington, J, Carney, D, Ashley, C & Turton, C 1999, ‘Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice: Early applications of concepts in rural areas,’ ODI – Natural Resource Perspectives vol. 42, p. 13.
go back to reference Foeken, D 2005, ‘Urban agriculture in East Africa as a tool for poverty reduction: a legal and policy dilemma?’, ASC Working Paper 65/2005, African Studies Centre, Leiden, Netherlands. Foeken, D 2005, ‘Urban agriculture in East Africa as a tool for poverty reduction: a legal and policy dilemma?’, ASC Working Paper 65/2005, African Studies Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
go back to reference Foeken, D (ed) 2006, To subsidise my income: urban farming in an East-African town, Africa Studies Centre, no. 7, The Netherlands. Foeken, D (ed) 2006, To subsidise my income: urban farming in an East-African town, Africa Studies Centre, no. 7, The Netherlands.
go back to reference Gockowski, J, Mbazo’o, J, Mbah, G & Fouda Moulende, T 2003, ‘African traditional leafy vegetables and the urban and peri-urban poor’, Food Policy, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 221–235.CrossRef Gockowski, J, Mbazo’o, J, Mbah, G & Fouda Moulende, T 2003, ‘African traditional leafy vegetables and the urban and peri-urban poor’, Food Policy, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 221–235.CrossRef
go back to reference Gore, C 2008, ‘Healthy urban food production and local government’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds) Healthy city harvests: generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru, pp. 49–65. Gore, C 2008, ‘Healthy urban food production and local government’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds) Healthy city harvests: generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru, pp. 49–65.
go back to reference Hart, K 1973, ‘Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana.’ Modern African Studies vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 61–89.CrossRef Hart, K 1973, ‘Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana.’ Modern African Studies vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 61–89.CrossRef
go back to reference Hovorka, A & Lee-Smith, D 2006, ‘Gendering the UA agenda’, in van Veenhuizen, R (ed) Cities farming for the future: urban agriculture for green and productive cities, RUAF Foundation, IDRC & IIRR, Ottawa, ON, pp. 125–144. Hovorka, A & Lee-Smith, D 2006, ‘Gendering the UA agenda’, in van Veenhuizen, R (ed) Cities farming for the future: urban agriculture for green and productive cities, RUAF Foundation, IDRC & IIRR, Ottawa, ON, pp. 125–144.
go back to reference JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) 1997, Master plan study of Nairobi. JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) 1997, Master plan study of Nairobi.
go back to reference Kessides, C 2006, The urban transition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Implications for economic growth and poverty reduction, Cities Alliance, SIDA, World Bank, Washington, DC. Kessides, C 2006, The urban transition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Implications for economic growth and poverty reduction, Cities Alliance, SIDA, World Bank, Washington, DC.
go back to reference Lee-Smith, D 2001, ‘Crop production in urban/peri-urban agriculture in Kenya’, in Kahindi, JP, Karanja, NK, Alabaster, G & Nandwa, S (eds) Proceedings of a workshop on enhancement of productivity and sustainability of UPA through efficient management of urban waste, 8–9 October, 2001, Nairobi Lee-Smith, D 2001, ‘Crop production in urban/peri-urban agriculture in Kenya’, in Kahindi, JP, Karanja, NK, Alabaster, G & Nandwa, S (eds) Proceedings of a workshop on enhancement of productivity and sustainability of UPA through efficient management of urban waste, 8–9 October, 2001, Nairobi
go back to reference Lee-Smith, D & Cole, D 2008, ‘Can the city produce safe food?’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds), Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru pp. 3–13. Lee-Smith, D & Cole, D 2008, ‘Can the city produce safe food?’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds), Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru pp. 3–13.
go back to reference Lubowa, A, Prain, G & Kyomugisha, E 2010, ‘The use of commercial food and other organic wastes for urban and peri-urban pig-production in Kampala, Uganda’, Urban Harvest Working Paper 5, Lima, Peru, (Forthcoming). Lubowa, A, Prain, G & Kyomugisha, E 2010, ‘The use of commercial food and other organic wastes for urban and peri-urban pig-production in Kampala, Uganda’, Urban Harvest Working Paper 5, Lima, Peru, (Forthcoming).
go back to reference Maxwell, D 1995, Labour, land, food and farming: a household analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala, Uganda, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America. Maxwell, D 1995, Labour, land, food and farming: a household analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala, Uganda, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America.
go back to reference Maxwell, D, Levin, C, Armar-Klemesu, M, Ruel, M, Morris, S & Ahiadeke, M 2000, Urban livelihoods and food and nutrition security in greater accra, Ghana, IFPRI – International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC. Maxwell, D, Levin, C, Armar-Klemesu, M, Ruel, M, Morris, S & Ahiadeke, M 2000, Urban livelihoods and food and nutrition security in greater accra, Ghana, IFPRI – International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
go back to reference Mwangi, AM & Foeken, D 1996, ‘Urban agriculture, food security and nutrition in low-income areas of Nairobi’, African Urban Quarterly vol. 11, no. 2/3. Mwangi, AM & Foeken, D 1996, ‘Urban agriculture, food security and nutrition in low-income areas of Nairobi’, African Urban Quarterly vol. 11, no. 2/3.
go back to reference Mwangi, S, Kimathi, M, Kamore, M, Karanja, N, Njenga, M & Farm Concern International 2007, ‘Creating market opportunities for poor women farmers in Kenya’, Urban Agriculture Magazine 17, Leusden. Mwangi, S, Kimathi, M, Kamore, M, Karanja, N, Njenga, M & Farm Concern International 2007, ‘Creating market opportunities for poor women farmers in Kenya’, Urban Agriculture Magazine 17, Leusden.
go back to reference Nabulo, G, Nasinyama, G, Lee-Smith, D & Cole D 2004, ‘Gender analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala, Uganda’, Urban Agriculture Magazine vol. 12, pp. 32–33. Nabulo, G, Nasinyama, G, Lee-Smith, D & Cole D 2004, ‘Gender analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala, Uganda’, Urban Agriculture Magazine vol. 12, pp. 32–33.
go back to reference Nabulo, G, Oryem-Origa, H & Diamond, M 2006, ‘Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda’, Environmental Research vol. 101, pp. 42–52.CrossRef Nabulo, G, Oryem-Origa, H & Diamond, M 2006, ‘Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda’, Environmental Research vol. 101, pp. 42–52.CrossRef
go back to reference Obuobie, E, Dreschel, P & Danso, G 2004, ‘Gender in open-space irrigated urban vegetable farming in Ghana’, Urban Agriculture Magazine, no. 12, RUAF, Leusden. Obuobie, E, Dreschel, P & Danso, G 2004, ‘Gender in open-space irrigated urban vegetable farming in Ghana’, Urban Agriculture Magazine, no. 12, RUAF, Leusden.
go back to reference Ohmachi, T & Roman, ER (eds) 2002, Metro Manila: in search of a sustainable future: impact analysis of metropolitan policies for development and environmental conservation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Manila Project, in collaboration with University of the Philippines Press, Quezon City. Ohmachi, T & Roman, ER (eds) 2002, Metro Manila: in search of a sustainable future: impact analysis of metropolitan policies for development and environmental conservation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Manila Project, in collaboration with University of the Philippines Press, Quezon City.
go back to reference Prain, G, 2006, ‘Participatory technology development for urban agriculture: collaboration and adaptation along the urban-rural transect’, in van Veenhuizen, R (ed) Cities farming for the future – urban agriculture for green and productive cities, RUAF Foundation, IDRC and IIRR, Leusden, pp. 273–312. Prain, G, 2006, ‘Participatory technology development for urban agriculture: collaboration and adaptation along the urban-rural transect’, in van Veenhuizen, R (ed) Cities farming for the future – urban agriculture for green and productive cities, RUAF Foundation, IDRC and IIRR, Leusden, pp. 273–312.
go back to reference Rakodi, C & Lloyd-Jones, T 2002, Urban livelihoods: a people-centered approach to reducing poverty, Earthscan, London. Rakodi, C & Lloyd-Jones, T 2002, Urban livelihoods: a people-centered approach to reducing poverty, Earthscan, London.
go back to reference Röling, NG & Jiggins, J 1998, ‘The ecological knowledge system’, in Röling, NG & Wagemakers, MAE (eds) Facilitating sustainable agriculture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 283–311. Röling, NG & Jiggins, J 1998, ‘The ecological knowledge system’, in Röling, NG & Wagemakers, MAE (eds) Facilitating sustainable agriculture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 283–311.
go back to reference Röling, NG & Wagemakers, MAE (eds) 1998, Facilitating sustainable agriculture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Röling, NG & Wagemakers, MAE (eds) 1998, Facilitating sustainable agriculture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
go back to reference Satterthwaite, D & Tacoli, C 2002, ‘Seeking an understanding of poverty that recognizes rural-urban differences and rural-urban linkages’, in Rakodi, C & Lloyd-Jones, T (eds) Urban livelihoods: a people-centred approach to reducing poverty, Earthscan Publications, London, pp. 52–70. Satterthwaite, D & Tacoli, C 2002, ‘Seeking an understanding of poverty that recognizes rural-urban differences and rural-urban linkages’, in Rakodi, C & Lloyd-Jones, T (eds) Urban livelihoods: a people-centred approach to reducing poverty, Earthscan Publications, London, pp. 52–70.
go back to reference Sawio, C 1998, ‘Managing urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam’, Cities feeding people, Report 20, IDRC, Ottawa, ON. Sawio, C 1998, ‘Managing urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam’, Cities feeding people, Report 20, IDRC, Ottawa, ON.
go back to reference Schippmann, U, Leaman, DJ & Cunningham, AB 2002, ‘Impact of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants on biodiversity: global trends and issues’ in Biodiversity and the ecosystem approach in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Satellite event on the occasion of the ninth regular session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 12–13 October 2002, Inter-Departmental Working Group on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome. Schippmann, U, Leaman, DJ & Cunningham, AB 2002, ‘Impact of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants on biodiversity: global trends and issues’ in Biodiversity and the ecosystem approach in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Satellite event on the occasion of the ninth regular session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 12–13 October 2002, Inter-Departmental Working Group on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome.
go back to reference Sebastian, R, Lubowa, A, Yeudall, F, Cole, DC & Ibrahim, S 2008, ‘The association between household food security and urban farming in Kampala’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds), Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru, pp. 69–87. Sebastian, R, Lubowa, A, Yeudall, F, Cole, DC & Ibrahim, S 2008, ‘The association between household food security and urban farming in Kampala’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds), Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru, pp. 69–87.
go back to reference Simon, D, McGregor, D & Thomson, D 2006, ‘Contemporary perspectives on the peri-urban zones of cities in developing areas’, in McGregor, D, Simon, D & Thomson, D (eds) The peri-urban interface. Approaches to sustainable natural and human resource use, Earthscan, London, pp. 3–12. Simon, D, McGregor, D & Thomson, D 2006, ‘Contemporary perspectives on the peri-urban zones of cities in developing areas’, in McGregor, D, Simon, D & Thomson, D (eds) The peri-urban interface. Approaches to sustainable natural and human resource use, Earthscan, London, pp. 3–12.
go back to reference Smit, J & Nasr J 2001, ‘Agriculture – urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources’, in Satterthwaite, D (ed.) Sustainable Cities, Earthscan, London, pp. 221–233. Smit, J & Nasr J 2001, ‘Agriculture – urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources’, in Satterthwaite, D (ed.) Sustainable Cities, Earthscan, London, pp. 221–233.
go back to reference Tegegne, A 2004, ‘Urban livestock production and gender in Addis Ababa’, Ethiopia’, Urban Agriculture Magazine, no. 12, pp. 30–31. Tegegne, A 2004, ‘Urban livestock production and gender in Addis Ababa’, Ethiopia’, Urban Agriculture Magazine, no. 12, pp. 30–31.
go back to reference Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) & ORC Macro 2001, Uganda demographic and health survey 2000–2001, UBOS and ORC Macro, Calverton, MD. Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) & ORC Macro 2001, Uganda demographic and health survey 2000–2001, UBOS and ORC Macro, Calverton, MD.
go back to reference UNDP 1996, Urban agriculture: food, jobs and sustainable cities, United Nations Development Program Publication Series for Habitat II, vol. 1, UNDP, NewYork. UNDP 1996, Urban agriculture: food, jobs and sustainable cities, United Nations Development Program Publication Series for Habitat II, vol. 1, UNDP, NewYork.
go back to reference Warnaars, M & Pradel, W 2007, ‘A comparative study of the perceptions of urban and rural farmer field school participants in Peru’, Urban Harvest Working Paper Series, paper 4, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Warnaars, M & Pradel, W 2007, ‘A comparative study of the perceptions of urban and rural farmer field school participants in Peru’, Urban Harvest Working Paper Series, paper 4, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru.
go back to reference World Bank 2004, Enquête Camerounaise auprès des ménages, 1996. Synoptique des résultats d’enquête normalizes, Survey Databank – World Bank Africa Region, Washington, DC. World Bank 2004, Enquête Camerounaise auprès des ménages, 1996. Synoptique des résultats d’enquête normalizes, Survey Databank – World Bank Africa Region, Washington, DC.
go back to reference Yeudall, F, Sebastian, R, Lubowa, A, Kikafunda, J, Cole, DC & Ibrahim, S 2008, ‘Nutritional security of children of urban farmers’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds) Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru, pp. 89–103. Yeudall, F, Sebastian, R, Lubowa, A, Kikafunda, J, Cole, DC & Ibrahim, S 2008, ‘Nutritional security of children of urban farmers’, in Cole, DC, Lee-Smith, D & Nasinymama, GW (eds) Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture, CIP/Urban Harvest and Makerere University Press, Lima, Peru, pp. 89–103.
Metadata
Title
Urban Agriculture in Africa: What Has Been Learned?
Authors
Gordon Prain
Diana Lee-Smith
Copyright Year
2010
Publisher
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6250-8_2

Premium Partner