Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Mobile Networks and Applications 3/2021

25-07-2020

Vehicular Edge Computing and Networking: A Survey

Authors: Lei Liu, Chen Chen, Qingqi Pei, Sabita Maharjan, Yan Zhang

Published in: Mobile Networks and Applications | Issue 3/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

As one key enabler of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has received remarkable interest from academia and industry. The emerging vehicular applications and the exponential growing data have naturally led to the increased needs of communication, computation and storage resources, and also to strict performance requirements on response time and network bandwidth. In order to deal with these challenges, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is regarded as a promising solution. MEC pushes powerful computational and storage capacities from the remote cloud to the edge of networks in close proximity of vehicular users, which enables low latency and reduced bandwidth consumption. Driven by the benefits of MEC, many efforts have been devoted to integrating vehicular networks into MEC, thereby forming a novel paradigm named as Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of state-of-art research on VEC. First of all, we provide an overview of VEC, including the introduction, architecture, key enablers, advantages, challenges as well as several attractive application scenarios. Then, we describe several typical research topics where VEC is applied. After that, we present a careful literature review on existing research work in VEC by classification. Finally, we identify open research issues and discuss future research directions.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Show more products
Literature
2.
go back to reference Li B, Fei Z, Chu Z, Zhang Y (2017) Secure transmission for heterogeneous cellular networks with wireless information and power transfer. IEEE Syst J 99:1–12 Li B, Fei Z, Chu Z, Zhang Y (2017) Secure transmission for heterogeneous cellular networks with wireless information and power transfer. IEEE Syst J 99:1–12
4.
go back to reference Mao S, Leng S, Hu J, Yang K (2019) Power minimization resource allocation for underlay miso-noma swipt systems. IEEE Access 7:17,247–17,255CrossRef Mao S, Leng S, Hu J, Yang K (2019) Power minimization resource allocation for underlay miso-noma swipt systems. IEEE Access 7:17,247–17,255CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Zhai D, Zhang R, Cai L, Li B, Jiang Y (2018) Energy-efficient user scheduling and power allocation for noma-based wireless networks with massive iot devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(3):1857–1868CrossRef Zhai D, Zhang R, Cai L, Li B, Jiang Y (2018) Energy-efficient user scheduling and power allocation for noma-based wireless networks with massive iot devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(3):1857–1868CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Yu R, Xie S, Yao W, Xiao Y, Guizani M (2011) Home m2m networks: architectures, standards, and qos improvement. IEEE Commun Mag 49(4):44–52CrossRef Zhang Y, Yu R, Xie S, Yao W, Xiao Y, Guizani M (2011) Home m2m networks: architectures, standards, and qos improvement. IEEE Commun Mag 49(4):44–52CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Peng H, Liang L, Shen X, Li GY (2018) Vehicular communications: a network layer perspective. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 10.1109/TVT. 2018:2833427 Peng H, Liang L, Shen X, Li GY (2018) Vehicular communications: a network layer perspective. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 10.1109/TVT. 2018:2833427
10.
go back to reference Kaiwartya O, Abdullah AH, Cao Y, Altameem A, Prasad M, Lin C-T, Liu X (2016) Internet of vehicles: Motivation, layered architecture, network model, challenges, and future aspects. IEEE Access 4:5356–5373CrossRef Kaiwartya O, Abdullah AH, Cao Y, Altameem A, Prasad M, Lin C-T, Liu X (2016) Internet of vehicles: Motivation, layered architecture, network model, challenges, and future aspects. IEEE Access 4:5356–5373CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Zhou Z, Yu H, Xu C, Zhang Y, Mumtaz S, Rodriguez J (2018) Dependable content distribution in d2d-based cooperative vehicular networks: a big data-integrated coalition game approach. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(3):953–964CrossRef Zhou Z, Yu H, Xu C, Zhang Y, Mumtaz S, Rodriguez J (2018) Dependable content distribution in d2d-based cooperative vehicular networks: a big data-integrated coalition game approach. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(3):953–964CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Zhou Z, Gao C, Xu C, Zhang Y, Mumtaz S, Rodriguez J (2018) Social big-data-based content dissemination in internet of vehicles. IEEE Transactions Industrial Informatics 14(2):768–777CrossRef Zhou Z, Gao C, Xu C, Zhang Y, Mumtaz S, Rodriguez J (2018) Social big-data-based content dissemination in internet of vehicles. IEEE Transactions Industrial Informatics 14(2):768–777CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Dinh HT, Lee C, Niyato D, Wang P (2013) A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 13(18):1587–1611CrossRef Dinh HT, Lee C, Niyato D, Wang P (2013) A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 13(18):1587–1611CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Rahimi MR, Ren J, Liu CH, Vasilakos AV, Venkatasubramanian N (2014) Mobile cloud computing: a survey, state of art and future directions. Mobile Networks and Applications 19(2):133–143CrossRef Rahimi MR, Ren J, Liu CH, Vasilakos AV, Venkatasubramanian N (2014) Mobile cloud computing: a survey, state of art and future directions. Mobile Networks and Applications 19(2):133–143CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Alizadeh M, Abolfazli S, Zamani M, Baharun S, Sakurai K (2016) Authentication in mobile cloud computing: a survey. J Netw Comput Appl 61:59–80CrossRef Alizadeh M, Abolfazli S, Zamani M, Baharun S, Sakurai K (2016) Authentication in mobile cloud computing: a survey. J Netw Comput Appl 61:59–80CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Lin C-C, Deng D-J, Yao C-C (2018) Resource allocation in vehicular cloud computing systems with heterogeneous vehicles and roadside units. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(5):3692–3700CrossRef Lin C-C, Deng D-J, Yao C-C (2018) Resource allocation in vehicular cloud computing systems with heterogeneous vehicles and roadside units. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(5):3692–3700CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Lin Y-W, Shen J-M, Weng H-C (2013) Cloud-supported seamless internet access in intelligent transportation systems. Wireless Personal Communications 72(4):2081–2106CrossRef Lin Y-W, Shen J-M, Weng H-C (2013) Cloud-supported seamless internet access in intelligent transportation systems. Wireless Personal Communications 72(4):2081–2106CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Bitam S, Mellouk A, Zeadally S (2015) VANET-Cloud: a generic cloud computing model for vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 22(1):96–102CrossRef Bitam S, Mellouk A, Zeadally S (2015) VANET-Cloud: a generic cloud computing model for vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 22(1):96–102CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Mershad K, Artail H (2013) Finding a STAR in a vehicular cloud. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 5(2):55–68CrossRef Mershad K, Artail H (2013) Finding a STAR in a vehicular cloud. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 5(2):55–68CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang J, Wang W (2017) A survey on mobile edge networks: Convergence of computing, caching and communications. IEEE Access 5:6757–6779CrossRef Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang J, Wang W (2017) A survey on mobile edge networks: Convergence of computing, caching and communications. IEEE Access 5:6757–6779CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Wang Y, Sheng M, Wang X, Wang L, Li J (2016) Mobile-edge computing: Partial computation offloading using dynamic voltage scaling. IEEE Trans Commun 64(10):4268–4282 Wang Y, Sheng M, Wang X, Wang L, Li J (2016) Mobile-edge computing: Partial computation offloading using dynamic voltage scaling. IEEE Trans Commun 64(10):4268–4282
24.
go back to reference Du J, Zhao L, Chu X, Yu FR, Feng J, Chih-Lin I (2019) Enabling low-latency applications in lte-a based mixed fog/cloud computing systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(2):1757–1771CrossRef Du J, Zhao L, Chu X, Yu FR, Feng J, Chih-Lin I (2019) Enabling low-latency applications in lte-a based mixed fog/cloud computing systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(2):1757–1771CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Abbas N, Zhang Y, Taherkordi A, Skeie T (2018) Mobile edge computing: a survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(1):450–465CrossRef Abbas N, Zhang Y, Taherkordi A, Skeie T (2018) Mobile edge computing: a survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(1):450–465CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Mao Y, You C, Zhang J, Huang K, Letaief KB (2017) A survey on mobile edge computing: the communication perspective. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19(4):2322–2358CrossRef Mao Y, You C, Zhang J, Huang K, Letaief KB (2017) A survey on mobile edge computing: the communication perspective. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19(4):2322–2358CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Roman R, Lopez J, Mambo M (2018) Mobile edge computing, fog others: a survey and analysis of security threats and challenges. Futur Gener Comput Syst 78:680–698CrossRef Roman R, Lopez J, Mambo M (2018) Mobile edge computing, fog others: a survey and analysis of security threats and challenges. Futur Gener Comput Syst 78:680–698CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Taleb T, Samdanis K, Mada B, Flinck H, Dutta S, Sabella D (2017) On multi-access edge computing: a survey of the emerging 5g network edge cloud architecture and orchestration. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19(3):1657–1681CrossRef Taleb T, Samdanis K, Mada B, Flinck H, Dutta S, Sabella D (2017) On multi-access edge computing: a survey of the emerging 5g network edge cloud architecture and orchestration. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19(3):1657–1681CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Qiao G, Leng S, Zhang K, He Y (2018) Collaborative task offloading in vehicular edge multi-access networks. IEEE Commun Mag 56(8):48–54CrossRef Qiao G, Leng S, Zhang K, He Y (2018) Collaborative task offloading in vehicular edge multi-access networks. IEEE Commun Mag 56(8):48–54CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, Zhang Y (2017) Distributed reputation management for secure and efficient vehicular edge computing and networks. IEEE Access 5:25,408–25,420CrossRef Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, Zhang Y (2017) Distributed reputation management for secure and efficient vehicular edge computing and networks. IEEE Access 5:25,408–25,420CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Nunes BAA, Mendonca M, Nguyen X-N, Obraczka K, Turletti T (2014) A survey of software-defined networking: Past, present, and future of programmable networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16(3):1617–1634CrossRef Nunes BAA, Mendonca M, Nguyen X-N, Obraczka K, Turletti T (2014) A survey of software-defined networking: Past, present, and future of programmable networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16(3):1617–1634CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Puthal D, Malik N, Mohanty SP, Kougianos E, Das G (2018) Everything you wanted to know about the blockchain: Its promise, components, processes, and problems. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 7(4):6–14CrossRef Puthal D, Malik N, Mohanty SP, Kougianos E, Das G (2018) Everything you wanted to know about the blockchain: Its promise, components, processes, and problems. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 7(4):6–14CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Wang X, Li X, Leung VC (2015) Artificial intelligence-based techniques for emerging heterogeneous network: State of the arts, opportunities, and challenges. IEEE Access 3:1379–1391CrossRef Wang X, Li X, Leung VC (2015) Artificial intelligence-based techniques for emerging heterogeneous network: State of the arts, opportunities, and challenges. IEEE Access 3:1379–1391CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Lv N, Chen C, Qiu T, Sangaiah AK (2018) Deep learning and superpixel feature extraction based on sparse autoencoder for change detection in SAR images. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics Lv N, Chen C, Qiu T, Sangaiah AK (2018) Deep learning and superpixel feature extraction based on sparse autoencoder for change detection in SAR images. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
39.
go back to reference Dai Y, Xu D, Maharjan S, Qiao G, Zhang Y (2018) Artificial intelligence empowered edge computing and caching for internet of vehicles. IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, accepted Dai Y, Xu D, Maharjan S, Qiao G, Zhang Y (2018) Artificial intelligence empowered edge computing and caching for internet of vehicles. IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, accepted
40.
go back to reference Yu X, Chu Y, Jiang F, Guo Y, Gong D (2018) Svms classification based two-side cross domain collaborative filtering by inferring intrinsic user and item features. Knowl-Based Syst 141:80–91CrossRef Yu X, Chu Y, Jiang F, Guo Y, Gong D (2018) Svms classification based two-side cross domain collaborative filtering by inferring intrinsic user and item features. Knowl-Based Syst 141:80–91CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Guo J, Song B, Chi Y, Jayasinghe L, Yuen C, Guan YL, Du X, Guizani M (2019) Deep neural network-aided gaussian message passing detection for ultra-reliable low-latency communications. Futur Gener Comput Syst 95:629–638CrossRef Guo J, Song B, Chi Y, Jayasinghe L, Yuen C, Guan YL, Du X, Guizani M (2019) Deep neural network-aided gaussian message passing detection for ultra-reliable low-latency communications. Futur Gener Comput Syst 95:629–638CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Luo L, Li Z, Wang J, Yu H (2019) Simplifying flow updates in software-defined networks using atoman. IEEE Access 7:39,083–39,097CrossRef Luo L, Li Z, Wang J, Yu H (2019) Simplifying flow updates in software-defined networks using atoman. IEEE Access 7:39,083–39,097CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Mijumbi R, Serrat J, Gorricho J-L, Bouten N, De Turck F, Boutaba R (2016) Network function virtualization: State-of-the-art and research challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 18 (1):236–262CrossRef Mijumbi R, Serrat J, Gorricho J-L, Bouten N, De Turck F, Boutaba R (2016) Network function virtualization: State-of-the-art and research challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 18 (1):236–262CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Al-Sultan S, Al-Doori MM, Al-Bayatti AH, Zedan H (2014) A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 37:380–392CrossRef Al-Sultan S, Al-Doori MM, Al-Bayatti AH, Zedan H (2014) A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 37:380–392CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Sharef BT, Alsaqour RA, Ismail M (2014) Vehicular communication ad hoc routing protocols: a survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 40:363–396CrossRef Sharef BT, Alsaqour RA, Ismail M (2014) Vehicular communication ad hoc routing protocols: a survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 40:363–396CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Chen Z, He Q, Mao Z, Chung H-M, Maharjan S (2019) A study on the characteristics of douyin short videos and implications for edge caching. arXiv:1903.12399 Chen Z, He Q, Mao Z, Chung H-M, Maharjan S (2019) A study on the characteristics of douyin short videos and implications for edge caching. arXiv:1903.​12399
47.
go back to reference Chen C, Qiu T, Hu J, Ren Z, Zhou Y, Sangaiah AK (2017) A congestion avoidance game for information exchange on intersections in heterogeneous vehicular networks. J Netw Comput Appli 85:116–126CrossRef Chen C, Qiu T, Hu J, Ren Z, Zhou Y, Sangaiah AK (2017) A congestion avoidance game for information exchange on intersections in heterogeneous vehicular networks. J Netw Comput Appli 85:116–126CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Yuan Q, Zhou H, Li J, Liu Z, Yang F, Shen XS (2018) Toward efficient content delivery for automated driving services: an edge computing solution. IEEE Netw 32(1):80–86CrossRef Yuan Q, Zhou H, Li J, Liu Z, Yang F, Shen XS (2018) Toward efficient content delivery for automated driving services: an edge computing solution. IEEE Netw 32(1):80–86CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Liu Y, Wang S, Huang J, Yang F (2018) A computation offloading algorithm based on game theory for vehicular edge networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp 1–6 Liu Y, Wang S, Huang J, Yang F (2018) A computation offloading algorithm based on game theory for vehicular edge networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp 1–6
52.
go back to reference Tareq MMK, Semiari O, Salehi MA, Saad W (2018) Ultra reliable, low latency vehicle-to-infrastructure wireless communications with edge computing. arXiv:1808.06015 Tareq MMK, Semiari O, Salehi MA, Saad W (2018) Ultra reliable, low latency vehicle-to-infrastructure wireless communications with edge computing. arXiv:1808.​06015
53.
go back to reference Huang X, Yu R, Liu J, Shu L (2018) Parked vehicle edge computing: Exploiting opportunistic resources for distributed mobile applications. IEEE Access 6:66,649–66,663CrossRef Huang X, Yu R, Liu J, Shu L (2018) Parked vehicle edge computing: Exploiting opportunistic resources for distributed mobile applications. IEEE Access 6:66,649–66,663CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Sun Y, Song J, Zhou S, Guo X, Niu Z (2018) Task replication for vehicular edge computing:, A combinatorial multi-armed bandit based approach. arXiv:1807.05718 Sun Y, Song J, Zhou S, Guo X, Niu Z (2018) Task replication for vehicular edge computing:, A combinatorial multi-armed bandit based approach. arXiv:1807.​05718
57.
go back to reference Zhu C, Pastor G, Xiao Y, Li Y, Ylae-Jaeaeski A (2018) Fog following me: Latency and quality balanced task allocation in vehicular fog computing. In: Proceedings of the 15th annual IEEE international conference on sensing, communication, and networking (SECON), pp 1–9 Zhu C, Pastor G, Xiao Y, Li Y, Ylae-Jaeaeski A (2018) Fog following me: Latency and quality balanced task allocation in vehicular fog computing. In: Proceedings of the 15th annual IEEE international conference on sensing, communication, and networking (SECON), pp 1–9
58.
go back to reference Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, He Y, Zhang Y (2017) Mobile-edge computing for vehicular networks: a promising network paradigm with predictive off-loading. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 12(2):36–44CrossRef Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, He Y, Zhang Y (2017) Mobile-edge computing for vehicular networks: a promising network paradigm with predictive off-loading. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 12(2):36–44CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, Maharjan S, Vinel A, Zhang Y (2017) Contract-theoretic approach for delay constrained offloading in vehicular edge computing networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, pp 1–12 Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, Maharjan S, Vinel A, Zhang Y (2017) Contract-theoretic approach for delay constrained offloading in vehicular edge computing networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, pp 1–12
61.
go back to reference Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, Maharjan S, Zhang Y (2017) Optimal delay constrained offloading for vehicular edge computing networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp 1–6 Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, Maharjan S, Zhang Y (2017) Optimal delay constrained offloading for vehicular edge computing networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp 1–6
62.
go back to reference Zhou Z, Liu P, Chang Z, Xu C, Zhang Y (2018) Energy-efficient workload offloading and power control in vehicular edge computing. In: Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference workshops (WCNCW), pp 191–196 Zhou Z, Liu P, Chang Z, Xu C, Zhang Y (2018) Energy-efficient workload offloading and power control in vehicular edge computing. In: Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference workshops (WCNCW), pp 191–196
64.
go back to reference Ku Y-J, Chiang P-H, Dey S (2018) Quality of service optimization for vehicular edge computing with solar-powered road side units. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on computer communication and networks (ICCCN), pp 1–10 Ku Y-J, Chiang P-H, Dey S (2018) Quality of service optimization for vehicular edge computing with solar-powered road side units. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on computer communication and networks (ICCCN), pp 1–10
65.
go back to reference He Y, Zhao N, Yin H (2018) Integrated networking, caching, and computing for connected vehicles: a deep reinforcement learning approach. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(1):44–55CrossRef He Y, Zhao N, Yin H (2018) Integrated networking, caching, and computing for connected vehicles: a deep reinforcement learning approach. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(1):44–55CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Tan LT, Hu RQ (2018) Mobility-aware edge caching and computing in vehicle networks: a deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67(11):10,190–10,203CrossRef Tan LT, Hu RQ (2018) Mobility-aware edge caching and computing in vehicle networks: a deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67(11):10,190–10,203CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Hou X, Li Y, Chen M, Wu D, Jin D, Chen S (2016) Vehicular fog computing: a viewpoint of vehicles as the infrastructures. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 65(6):3860–3873CrossRef Hou X, Li Y, Chen M, Wu D, Jin D, Chen S (2016) Vehicular fog computing: a viewpoint of vehicles as the infrastructures. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 65(6):3860–3873CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Zhu H, Cao Y, Wang W, Jiang T, Jin S (2018) Deep reinforcement learning for mobile edge caching: Review, new features, and open issues. IEEE Netw 32(6):50–57CrossRef Zhu H, Cao Y, Wang W, Jiang T, Jin S (2018) Deep reinforcement learning for mobile edge caching: Review, new features, and open issues. IEEE Netw 32(6):50–57CrossRef
69.
go back to reference Dai Y, Xu D, Maharjan S, Guanhua Q, Zhang Y Artificial intelligence empowered edge computing and caching for internet of vehicle. IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, accepted Dai Y, Xu D, Maharjan S, Guanhua Q, Zhang Y Artificial intelligence empowered edge computing and caching for internet of vehicle. IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, accepted
71.
go back to reference Lien S-Y, Hung S-C, Hsu H, Deng D-J (2018) Energy-optimal edge content cache and dissemination: Designs for practical network deployment. IEEE Commun Mag 56(5):88–93CrossRef Lien S-Y, Hung S-C, Hsu H, Deng D-J (2018) Energy-optimal edge content cache and dissemination: Designs for practical network deployment. IEEE Commun Mag 56(5):88–93CrossRef
72.
go back to reference Hu Z, Zheng Z, Wang T, Song L, Li X (2017) Roadside unit caching: Auction-based storage allocation for multiple content providers. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 16(10):6321–6334CrossRef Hu Z, Zheng Z, Wang T, Song L, Li X (2017) Roadside unit caching: Auction-based storage allocation for multiple content providers. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 16(10):6321–6334CrossRef
73.
go back to reference Ding R, Wang T, Song L, Han Z, Wu J (2015) Roadside-unit caching in vehicular ad hoc networks for efficient popular content delivery. In: Proceedings: IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC). IEEE, pp 1207–1212 Ding R, Wang T, Song L, Han Z, Wu J (2015) Roadside-unit caching in vehicular ad hoc networks for efficient popular content delivery. In: Proceedings: IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC). IEEE, pp 1207–1212
75.
go back to reference Mahmood A, Casetti C, Chiasserini C-F, Giaccone P, Harri J (2016) Mobility-aware edge caching for connected cars. In: proceedings of 12th annual conference on wireless on-demand network systems and services (WONS), pp 1–8 Mahmood A, Casetti C, Chiasserini C-F, Giaccone P, Harri J (2016) Mobility-aware edge caching for connected cars. In: proceedings of 12th annual conference on wireless on-demand network systems and services (WONS), pp 1–8
77.
go back to reference Zhang S, Zhang N, Fang X, Yang P, Shen XS (2017) Cost-effective vehicular network planning with cache-enabled green roadside units. In: Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE, pp 1–6 Zhang S, Zhang N, Fang X, Yang P, Shen XS (2017) Cost-effective vehicular network planning with cache-enabled green roadside units. In: Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE, pp 1–6
78.
go back to reference Wang S, Zhang Z, Yu R, Zhang Y (2017) Low-latency caching with auction game in vehicular edge computing. In: Proceedings of IEEE/CIC international conference on communications in China (ICCC), pp 1–6 Wang S, Zhang Z, Yu R, Zhang Y (2017) Low-latency caching with auction game in vehicular edge computing. In: Proceedings of IEEE/CIC international conference on communications in China (ICCC), pp 1–6
79.
go back to reference Kumar N, Lee J-H (2014) Peer-to-peer cooperative caching for data dissemination in urban vehicular communications. IEEE Syst J 8(4):1136–1144CrossRef Kumar N, Lee J-H (2014) Peer-to-peer cooperative caching for data dissemination in urban vehicular communications. IEEE Syst J 8(4):1136–1144CrossRef
80.
go back to reference Fang S, Fan P (2017) A cooperative caching algorithm for cluster-based vehicular content networks with vehicular caches. In: Proceedings of IEEE globecom workshops (GC Wkshps), pp 1–6 Fang S, Fan P (2017) A cooperative caching algorithm for cluster-based vehicular content networks with vehicular caches. In: Proceedings of IEEE globecom workshops (GC Wkshps), pp 1–6
81.
go back to reference Quan W, Liu Y, Jiang X, Guan J (2016) Intelligent popularity-aware content caching and retrieving in highway vehicular networks. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2016(1):200CrossRef Quan W, Liu Y, Jiang X, Guan J (2016) Intelligent popularity-aware content caching and retrieving in highway vehicular networks. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2016(1):200CrossRef
83.
go back to reference Deng G, Wang L, Li F, Li R (2016) Distributed probabilistic caching strategy in vanets through named data networking. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE, pp 314–319 Deng G, Wang L, Li F, Li R (2016) Distributed probabilistic caching strategy in vanets through named data networking. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE, pp 314–319
84.
go back to reference Yao L, Chen A, Deng J, Wang J, Wu G (2018) A cooperative caching scheme based on mobility prediction in vehicular content centric networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(6):5435–5444CrossRef Yao L, Chen A, Deng J, Wang J, Wu G (2018) A cooperative caching scheme based on mobility prediction in vehicular content centric networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(6):5435–5444CrossRef
85.
go back to reference Ma J, Wang J, Liu G, Fan P (2017) Low latency caching placement policy for cloud-based VANET with both vehicle caches and RSU caches. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp 1–6 Ma J, Wang J, Liu G, Fan P (2017) Low latency caching placement policy for cloud-based VANET with both vehicle caches and RSU caches. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp 1–6
86.
go back to reference Zhang K, Leng S, He Y, Maharjan S, Zhang Y (2018) Cooperative content caching in 5g networks with mobile edge computing. IEEE Wirel Commun 25(3):80–87CrossRef Zhang K, Leng S, He Y, Maharjan S, Zhang Y (2018) Cooperative content caching in 5g networks with mobile edge computing. IEEE Wirel Commun 25(3):80–87CrossRef
87.
go back to reference Ndikumana A, Tran NH, Hong CS (2018) Deep learning based caching for self-driving car in multi-access edge computing. arXiv:1810.01548 Ndikumana A, Tran NH, Hong CS (2018) Deep learning based caching for self-driving car in multi-access edge computing. arXiv:1810.​01548
88.
go back to reference Cheng HT, Shan H, Zhuang W (2011) Infotainment and road safety service support in vehicular networking: from a communication perspective. Mech Syst Signal Process 25(6):2020–2038CrossRef Cheng HT, Shan H, Zhuang W (2011) Infotainment and road safety service support in vehicular networking: from a communication perspective. Mech Syst Signal Process 25(6):2020–2038CrossRef
89.
go back to reference Zhang S, Zhang N, Fang X, Yang P, Shen XS (2017) Self-sustaining caching stations: Toward cost-effective 5g-enabled vehicular networks. IEEE Commun Mag 55(11):202–208CrossRef Zhang S, Zhang N, Fang X, Yang P, Shen XS (2017) Self-sustaining caching stations: Toward cost-effective 5g-enabled vehicular networks. IEEE Commun Mag 55(11):202–208CrossRef
90.
go back to reference Idir L, Paris S, Naït-Abdesselam F (2015) Optimal caching of encoded data for content distribution in vehicular networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE international conference on communication workshop (ICCW). IEEE, pp 2483–2488 Idir L, Paris S, Naït-Abdesselam F (2015) Optimal caching of encoded data for content distribution in vehicular networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE international conference on communication workshop (ICCW). IEEE, pp 2483–2488
91.
go back to reference Chen C, Liu L, Du X, Wei X, Pei C (2012) Available connectivity analysis under free flow state in VANETs. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2012(1):270CrossRef Chen C, Liu L, Du X, Wei X, Pei C (2012) Available connectivity analysis under free flow state in VANETs. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2012(1):270CrossRef
92.
go back to reference Kumar N, Zeadally S, Rodrigues JJ (2015) QoS-Aware hierarchical web caching scheme for online video streaming applications in internet-based vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 62 (12):7892–7900CrossRef Kumar N, Zeadally S, Rodrigues JJ (2015) QoS-Aware hierarchical web caching scheme for online video streaming applications in internet-based vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 62 (12):7892–7900CrossRef
93.
go back to reference Lai Y, Lin H, Yang F, Wang T (2019) Efficient data request answering in vehicular ad-hoc networks based on fog nodes and filters. Futur Gener Comput Syst 93:130–142CrossRef Lai Y, Lin H, Yang F, Wang T (2019) Efficient data request answering in vehicular ad-hoc networks based on fog nodes and filters. Futur Gener Comput Syst 93:130–142CrossRef
94.
go back to reference Hagenauer F, Sommer C, Higuchi T, Altintas O, Dressler F (2017) Vehicular micro clouds as virtual edge servers for efficient data collection. In: proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on smart, autonomous, and connected vehicular systems and services, pp 31–35 Hagenauer F, Sommer C, Higuchi T, Altintas O, Dressler F (2017) Vehicular micro clouds as virtual edge servers for efficient data collection. In: proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on smart, autonomous, and connected vehicular systems and services, pp 31–35
95.
go back to reference Lai Y, Yang F, Su J, Zhou Q, Wang T, Zhang L, Xu Y (2018) Fog-based two-phase event monitoring and data gathering in vehicular sensor networks. Sensors 18(1):82 Lai Y, Yang F, Su J, Zhou Q, Wang T, Zhang L, Xu Y (2018) Fog-based two-phase event monitoring and data gathering in vehicular sensor networks. Sensors 18(1):82
96.
go back to reference Darwish TS, Bakar KA (2018) Fog based intelligent transportation big data analytics in the internet of vehicles environment: Motivations, architecture, challenges, and critical issues. IEEE Access 6:15,679–15,701CrossRef Darwish TS, Bakar KA (2018) Fog based intelligent transportation big data analytics in the internet of vehicles environment: Motivations, architecture, challenges, and critical issues. IEEE Access 6:15,679–15,701CrossRef
97.
go back to reference Hou L, Lei L, Zheng K (2017) Design on publish/subscribe message dissemination for vehicular networks with mobile edge computing. In: Proceedings: IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp 1–6 Hou L, Lei L, Zheng K (2017) Design on publish/subscribe message dissemination for vehicular networks with mobile edge computing. In: Proceedings: IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp 1–6
98.
go back to reference Iqbal R, Butt TA, Shafique MO, Talib MWA, Umer T (2018) Context-aware data-driven intelligent framework for fog infrastructures in internet of vehicles. IEEE Access 6:58,182–58,194CrossRef Iqbal R, Butt TA, Shafique MO, Talib MWA, Umer T (2018) Context-aware data-driven intelligent framework for fog infrastructures in internet of vehicles. IEEE Access 6:58,182–58,194CrossRef
99.
go back to reference Kadhim AJ, Seno SAH (2019) Energy-efficient multicast routing protocol based on sdn and fog computing for vehicular networks. Ad Hoc Netw 84:68–81CrossRef Kadhim AJ, Seno SAH (2019) Energy-efficient multicast routing protocol based on sdn and fog computing for vehicular networks. Ad Hoc Netw 84:68–81CrossRef
100.
go back to reference Jiao J, Hong X, Shi J (2018) Proactive content delivery for vehicles over cellular networks: the fundamental benefits of computing and caching. China Communications 15(7):88–97CrossRef Jiao J, Hong X, Shi J (2018) Proactive content delivery for vehicles over cellular networks: the fundamental benefits of computing and caching. China Communications 15(7):88–97CrossRef
101.
go back to reference Huang C-Y, Xu K (2016) Reliable realtime streaming in vehicular cloud-fog computing networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE/CIC international conference on communications in China (ICCC), pp 1–6 Huang C-Y, Xu K (2016) Reliable realtime streaming in vehicular cloud-fog computing networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE/CIC international conference on communications in China (ICCC), pp 1–6
102.
go back to reference Luo G, Yuan Q, Zhou H, Cheng N, Liu Z, Yang F, Shen XS (2018) Cooperative vehicular content distribution in edge computing assisted 5g-VANET. China Communications 15(7):1–17CrossRef Luo G, Yuan Q, Zhou H, Cheng N, Liu Z, Yang F, Shen XS (2018) Cooperative vehicular content distribution in edge computing assisted 5g-VANET. China Communications 15(7):1–17CrossRef
103.
go back to reference Hui Y, Su Z, Luan TH, Cai J (2018) Content in motion: An edge computing based relay scheme for content dissemination in urban vehicular networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Hui Y, Su Z, Luan TH, Cai J (2018) Content in motion: An edge computing based relay scheme for content dissemination in urban vehicular networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
104.
go back to reference Magaia N, Sheng Z, Pereira PR, Correia M (2018) REPSYS: A robust and distributed incentive scheme for collaborative caching and dissemination in content-centric cellular-based vehicular delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 25(3):65–71CrossRef Magaia N, Sheng Z, Pereira PR, Correia M (2018) REPSYS: A robust and distributed incentive scheme for collaborative caching and dissemination in content-centric cellular-based vehicular delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 25(3):65–71CrossRef
105.
go back to reference Gangadharan D, Sokolsky O, Lee I, Kim B, Lin C-W, Shiraishi S (2018) Bandwidth optimal data/service delivery for connected vehicles via edges. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on cloud computing (CLOUD) Gangadharan D, Sokolsky O, Lee I, Kim B, Lin C-W, Shiraishi S (2018) Bandwidth optimal data/service delivery for connected vehicles via edges. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on cloud computing (CLOUD)
106.
go back to reference Yaqoob S, Ullah A, Akbar M, Imran M, Guizani M (2018) Fog-assisted congestion avoidance scheme for internet of vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 14th international wireless communications & mobile computing conference (IWCMC), pp 618–622 Yaqoob S, Ullah A, Akbar M, Imran M, Guizani M (2018) Fog-assisted congestion avoidance scheme for internet of vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 14th international wireless communications & mobile computing conference (IWCMC), pp 618–622
107.
go back to reference Chen X, Wang L (2017) Exploring Fog Computing-Based Adaptive Vehicular Data Scheduling Policies Through a Compositional Formal Method-PEPA. IEEE Commun Lett 21(4):745–748CrossRef Chen X, Wang L (2017) Exploring Fog Computing-Based Adaptive Vehicular Data Scheduling Policies Through a Compositional Formal Method-PEPA. IEEE Commun Lett 21(4):745–748CrossRef
109.
go back to reference Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chao H-C (2017) Cooperative fog computing for dealing with big data in the internet of vehicles: Architecture and hierarchical resource management. IEEE Commun Mag 55(12):60–67CrossRef Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chao H-C (2017) Cooperative fog computing for dealing with big data in the internet of vehicles: Architecture and hierarchical resource management. IEEE Commun Mag 55(12):60–67CrossRef
113.
go back to reference Deng D-J, Lien S-Y, Lin C-C, Hung S-C, Chen W-B (2017) Latency control in software-defined mobile-edge vehicular networking. IEEE Commun Mag 55(8):87–93CrossRef Deng D-J, Lien S-Y, Lin C-C, Hung S-C, Chen W-B (2017) Latency control in software-defined mobile-edge vehicular networking. IEEE Commun Mag 55(8):87–93CrossRef
115.
go back to reference Liu J, Wan J, Zeng B, Wang Q, Song H, Qiu M (2017) A scalable and quick-response software defined vehicular network assisted by mobile edge computing. IEEE Commun Mag 55(7):94–100CrossRef Liu J, Wan J, Zeng B, Wang Q, Song H, Qiu M (2017) A scalable and quick-response software defined vehicular network assisted by mobile edge computing. IEEE Commun Mag 55(7):94–100CrossRef
116.
go back to reference Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, He Y, Zhang Y (2017) Exploring mobile edge computing for 5g-enabled software defined vehicular networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 24(6):55–63CrossRef Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, He Y, Zhang Y (2017) Exploring mobile edge computing for 5g-enabled software defined vehicular networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 24(6):55–63CrossRef
117.
go back to reference Li M, Si P, Zhang Y (2018) Delay-tolerant data traffic to software-defined vehicular networks with mobile edge computing in smart city. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(10):9073–9086CrossRef Li M, Si P, Zhang Y (2018) Delay-tolerant data traffic to software-defined vehicular networks with mobile edge computing in smart city. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(10):9073–9086CrossRef
118.
go back to reference Soua A, Tohme S (2018) Multi-level SDN with vehicles as fog computing infrastructures: A new integrated architecture for 5g-VANETs. In: Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks and Workshops (ICIN), pp 1–8 Soua A, Tohme S (2018) Multi-level SDN with vehicles as fog computing infrastructures: A new integrated architecture for 5g-VANETs. In: Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks and Workshops (ICIN), pp 1–8
119.
go back to reference Choo S, Kim J, Pack S (2018) Optimal task offloading and resource allocation in software-defined vehicular edge computing. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp 251–256 Choo S, Kim J, Pack S (2018) Optimal task offloading and resource allocation in software-defined vehicular edge computing. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp 251–256
120.
go back to reference Kadhim AJ, Seno SAH (2018) Maximizing the utilization of fog computing in internet of vehicle using SDN. IEEE Communications Letters Kadhim AJ, Seno SAH (2018) Maximizing the utilization of fog computing in internet of vehicle using SDN. IEEE Communications Letters
122.
go back to reference Ma L, Xiang Y, Pei Q, Xiang Y, Zhu H (2018) Robust reputation-based cooperative spectrum sensing via imperfect common control channel. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(5):3950–3963CrossRef Ma L, Xiang Y, Pei Q, Xiang Y, Zhu H (2018) Robust reputation-based cooperative spectrum sensing via imperfect common control channel. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(5):3950–3963CrossRef
123.
go back to reference Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, Zhang Y (2017) Distributed reputation management for secure and efficient vehicular edge computing and networks. IEEE Access 5:25,408–25,420CrossRef Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, Zhang Y (2017) Distributed reputation management for secure and efficient vehicular edge computing and networks. IEEE Access 5:25,408–25,420CrossRef
124.
go back to reference Huang B, Cheng X, Cheng W (2017) Meet-fog for accurate distribution of negative messages in VANET. In: Proceedings of the workshop on smart internet of things, pp 5 Huang B, Cheng X, Cheng W (2017) Meet-fog for accurate distribution of negative messages in VANET. In: Proceedings of the workshop on smart internet of things, pp 5
125.
go back to reference Soleymani SA, Abdullah AH, Zareei M, Anisi MH, Vargas-Rosales C, Khan MK, Goudarzi S (2017) A secure trust model based on fuzzy logic in vehicular ad hoc networks with fog computing. IEEE Access 5:15,619–15,629CrossRef Soleymani SA, Abdullah AH, Zareei M, Anisi MH, Vargas-Rosales C, Khan MK, Goudarzi S (2017) A secure trust model based on fuzzy logic in vehicular ad hoc networks with fog computing. IEEE Access 5:15,619–15,629CrossRef
126.
go back to reference Huang X, Yu R, Pan M, Shu L (2018) Secure roadside unit hotspot against eavesdropping based traffic analysis in edge computing based internet of vehicles. IEEE Access 6:62,371–62,383CrossRef Huang X, Yu R, Pan M, Shu L (2018) Secure roadside unit hotspot against eavesdropping based traffic analysis in edge computing based internet of vehicles. IEEE Access 6:62,371–62,383CrossRef
127.
go back to reference Wu Y, Qian LP, Mao H, Yang X, Zhou H, Tan X, Tsang DH (2018) Secrecy-driven resource management for vehicular computation offloading networks. IEEE Netw 32(3):84–91CrossRef Wu Y, Qian LP, Mao H, Yang X, Zhou H, Tan X, Tsang DH (2018) Secrecy-driven resource management for vehicular computation offloading networks. IEEE Netw 32(3):84–91CrossRef
129.
go back to reference Chen Y, Lu Z, Xiong H, Xu W (2018) Privacy-preserving data aggregation protocol for fog computing-assisted vehicle-to-infrastructure scenario. Security and Communication Networks, vol 2018 Chen Y, Lu Z, Xiong H, Xu W (2018) Privacy-preserving data aggregation protocol for fog computing-assisted vehicle-to-infrastructure scenario. Security and Communication Networks, vol 2018
130.
go back to reference Xue K, Hong J, Ma Y, Wei DS, Hong P, Yu N (2018) Fog-aided verifiable privacy preserving access control for latency-sensitive data sharing in vehicular cloud computing. IEEE Netw 32(3):7–13CrossRef Xue K, Hong J, Ma Y, Wei DS, Hong P, Yu N (2018) Fog-aided verifiable privacy preserving access control for latency-sensitive data sharing in vehicular cloud computing. IEEE Netw 32(3):7–13CrossRef
131.
go back to reference Wang L, Liu G, Sun L (2017) A secure and privacy-preserving navigation scheme using spatial crowdsourcing in fog-based VANETs. Sensors 17(4):668CrossRef Wang L, Liu G, Sun L (2017) A secure and privacy-preserving navigation scheme using spatial crowdsourcing in fog-based VANETs. Sensors 17(4):668CrossRef
132.
go back to reference Wei J, Wang X, Li N, Yang G, Mu Y (2018) A privacy-preserving fog computing framework for vehicular crowdsensing networks. IEEE Access 6:43,776–43,784CrossRef Wei J, Wang X, Li N, Yang G, Mu Y (2018) A privacy-preserving fog computing framework for vehicular crowdsensing networks. IEEE Access 6:43,776–43,784CrossRef
133.
go back to reference Basudan S, Lin X, Sankaranarayanan K (2017) A privacy-preserving vehicular crowdsensing-based road surface condition monitoring system using fog computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4(3):772–782CrossRef Basudan S, Lin X, Sankaranarayanan K (2017) A privacy-preserving vehicular crowdsensing-based road surface condition monitoring system using fog computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4(3):772–782CrossRef
134.
go back to reference Li M, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Du X, Guizani M (2018) PROS: A privacy-preserving route-sharing service via vehicular fog computing. IEEE Access 6:66,188–66,197CrossRef Li M, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Du X, Guizani M (2018) PROS: A privacy-preserving route-sharing service via vehicular fog computing. IEEE Access 6:66,188–66,197CrossRef
135.
go back to reference Kang J, Yu R, Huang X, Zhang Y (2018) Privacy-preserved pseudonym scheme for fog computing supported internet of vehicles. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(8):2627–2637CrossRef Kang J, Yu R, Huang X, Zhang Y (2018) Privacy-preserved pseudonym scheme for fog computing supported internet of vehicles. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(8):2627–2637CrossRef
136.
go back to reference Huang D, Misra S, Verma M, Xue G (2011) PACP: An Efficient pseudonymous authentication-based conditional privacy protocol for VANETs. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(3):736–746CrossRef Huang D, Misra S, Verma M, Xue G (2011) PACP: An Efficient pseudonymous authentication-based conditional privacy protocol for VANETs. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(3):736–746CrossRef
138.
go back to reference Arif M, Wang G, Balas VE (2018) Secure VANETs: trusted communication scheme between vehicles and infrastructure based on fog computing. Studies in Informatics and Control 27(2):235–246CrossRef Arif M, Wang G, Balas VE (2018) Secure VANETs: trusted communication scheme between vehicles and infrastructure based on fog computing. Studies in Informatics and Control 27(2):235–246CrossRef
140.
go back to reference Dai Y, Xu D, Maharjan S, Chen Z, He Q, Zhang Y (2019) Blockchain and deep reinforcement learning empowered intelligent 5g beyond. IEEE Network Magazine accepted Dai Y, Xu D, Maharjan S, Chen Z, He Q, Zhang Y (2019) Blockchain and deep reinforcement learning empowered intelligent 5g beyond. IEEE Network Magazine accepted
141.
go back to reference Kang J, Xiong Z, Niyato D, Ye D, Kim DI, Zhao J (2018) Towards secure blockchain-enabled internet of vehicles:, Optimizing consensus management using reputation and contract theory. arXiv:1809.08387 Kang J, Xiong Z, Niyato D, Ye D, Kim DI, Zhao J (2018) Towards secure blockchain-enabled internet of vehicles:, Optimizing consensus management using reputation and contract theory. arXiv:1809.​08387
Metadata
Title
Vehicular Edge Computing and Networking: A Survey
Authors
Lei Liu
Chen Chen
Qingqi Pei
Sabita Maharjan
Yan Zhang
Publication date
25-07-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Mobile Networks and Applications / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1383-469X
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01624-1

Other articles of this Issue 3/2021

Mobile Networks and Applications 3/2021 Go to the issue