Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Marketing Letters 1/2017

09-10-2015

What really matters in attraction effect research: when choices have economic consequences

Authors: Marcel Lichters, Paul Bengart, Marko Sarstedt, Bodo Vogt

Published in: Marketing Letters | Issue 1/2017

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Researchers have recently strongly questioned the robustness of the attraction effect, according to which adding a decoy option to an existing choice set affects consumers’ choice behavior. Tying in with this debate, we identify the persistent use of hypothetical choices in the domain to be a major shortcoming in attraction effect research. In an experiment on the attraction effect with a realistic choice setting that fosters external validity, we manipulate the choice framing by contrasting hypothetical choices with binding choices that entail economic consequences. We find the attraction effect to be much stronger when decisions are binding, underlining the effect’s usefulness as a marketing tool.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Aaker, J. (1991). The negative attraction effect? A study of the attraction effect under judgment and choice. Advances in Consumer Research, 18, 462–469. Aaker, J. (1991). The negative attraction effect? A study of the attraction effect under judgment and choice. Advances in Consumer Research, 18, 462–469.
go back to reference Ahn, H., Novoa, N. V. (2015) The decoy effect in relative performance evaluation and the debiasing role of DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, forthcoming. Ahn, H., Novoa, N. V. (2015) The decoy effect in relative performance evaluation and the debiasing role of DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, forthcoming.
go back to reference Ahn, S., Kim, J., & Ha, Y. (2015). Feedback weakens the attraction effect in repeated choices. Marketing Letters, forthcoming. Ahn, S., Kim, J., & Ha, Y. (2015). Feedback weakens the attraction effect in repeated choices. Marketing Letters, forthcoming.
go back to reference Calder, B. J., Phillips, L. W., & Tybout, A. M. (1981). Designing research for application. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(2), 197–207. Calder, B. J., Phillips, L. W., & Tybout, A. M. (1981). Designing research for application. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(2), 197–207.
go back to reference Camerer, C. F., & Hogarth, R. M. (1999). The effects of financial incentives in experiments: a review and capital-labor-production framework. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 19(1-3), 7–42.CrossRef Camerer, C. F., & Hogarth, R. M. (1999). The effects of financial incentives in experiments: a review and capital-labor-production framework. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 19(1-3), 7–42.CrossRef
go back to reference Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2000). Focusing on the forgone: how value can appear so different to buyers and sellers. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(3), 360–370.CrossRef Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2000). Focusing on the forgone: how value can appear so different to buyers and sellers. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(3), 360–370.CrossRef
go back to reference Celedon, P., Milberg, S., & Sinn, F. (2013). Attraction and superiority effects in the Chilean marketplace: do they exist with real brands? Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1780–1786. Celedon, P., Milberg, S., & Sinn, F. (2013). Attraction and superiority effects in the Chilean marketplace: do they exist with real brands? Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1780–1786.
go back to reference Chatterjee, S., Roy, R., & Malshe, A. V. (2011). The role of regulatory fit on the attraction effect. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(4), 473–481.CrossRef Chatterjee, S., Roy, R., & Malshe, A. V. (2011). The role of regulatory fit on the attraction effect. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(4), 473–481.CrossRef
go back to reference Chernev, A. (2005). Context effects without a context: attribute balance as a reason for choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(2), 213–223.CrossRef Chernev, A. (2005). Context effects without a context: attribute balance as a reason for choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(2), 213–223.CrossRef
go back to reference Chiang, J., & Wilcox, R. (1997). A cross-category analysis of shelf-space allocation, product variety, and retail margins. Marketing Letters, 8(2), 183–191.CrossRef Chiang, J., & Wilcox, R. (1997). A cross-category analysis of shelf-space allocation, product variety, and retail margins. Marketing Letters, 8(2), 183–191.CrossRef
go back to reference Chuang, S.-C., & Yen, H. R. (2007). The Impact of a product’s country-of-origin on compromise and attraction effects. Marketing Letters, 18(4), 279–291.CrossRef Chuang, S.-C., & Yen, H. R. (2007). The Impact of a product’s country-of-origin on compromise and attraction effects. Marketing Letters, 18(4), 279–291.CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) Lawrence Erlbaum. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Dhar, R., & Simonson, I. (1992). The effect of the focus of comparison on consumer preferences. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(4), 430–440.CrossRef Dhar, R., & Simonson, I. (1992). The effect of the focus of comparison on consumer preferences. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(4), 430–440.CrossRef
go back to reference Dhar, R., & Simonson, I. (2003). The effect of forced choice on choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(2), 146–160.CrossRef Dhar, R., & Simonson, I. (2003). The effect of forced choice on choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(2), 146–160.CrossRef
go back to reference Doyle, J. R., O’Connor, D. J., Reynolds, G. M., & Bottomley, P. A. (1999). The robustness of the asymmetrically dominated effect: buying frames, phantom alternatives, and in‐store purchases. Psychology & Marketing, 16(3), 225–243.CrossRef Doyle, J. R., O’Connor, D. J., Reynolds, G. M., & Bottomley, P. A. (1999). The robustness of the asymmetrically dominated effect: buying frames, phantom alternatives, and in‐store purchases. Psychology & Marketing, 16(3), 225–243.CrossRef
go back to reference Frederick, S., Lee, L., & Baskin, E. (2014). The limits of attraction. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 487–507.CrossRef Frederick, S., Lee, L., & Baskin, E. (2014). The limits of attraction. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 487–507.CrossRef
go back to reference Gijsbrechts, E., & Lourenço, C. J. S. (2013). The impact of national brand introductions on hard-discounter image and share-of-wallet. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(4), 368–382.CrossRef Gijsbrechts, E., & Lourenço, C. J. S. (2013). The impact of national brand introductions on hard-discounter image and share-of-wallet. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(4), 368–382.CrossRef
go back to reference Herne, K. (1999). The effects of decoy gambles on individual choice. Experimental Economics, 2(1), 31–40.CrossRef Herne, K. (1999). The effects of decoy gambles on individual choice. Experimental Economics, 2(1), 31–40.CrossRef
go back to reference Huber, J., Payne, J. W., & Puto, C. P. (1982). Adding asymmetrically dominated alternatives: violations of regularity and the similarity hypothesis. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(1), 90–98.CrossRef Huber, J., Payne, J. W., & Puto, C. P. (1982). Adding asymmetrically dominated alternatives: violations of regularity and the similarity hypothesis. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(1), 90–98.CrossRef
go back to reference Huber, J., Payne, J. W., & Puto, C. P. (2014). Let’s be honest about the attraction effect. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 520–525.CrossRef Huber, J., Payne, J. W., & Puto, C. P. (2014). Let’s be honest about the attraction effect. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 520–525.CrossRef
go back to reference Jang, J. M., Yoon, S. O. (2015). The effect of attribute-based and alternative-based processing on consumer choice in context. Marketing Letters, forthcoming. Jang, J. M., Yoon, S. O. (2015). The effect of attribute-based and alternative-based processing on consumer choice in context. Marketing Letters, forthcoming.
go back to reference Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 434–446.CrossRef Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 434–446.CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G. C., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., Wansink, B., & Weber, E. U. (2012). Beyond nudges: tools of a choice architecture. Marketing Letters, 23(2), 487–504.CrossRef Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G. C., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., Wansink, B., & Weber, E. U. (2012). Beyond nudges: tools of a choice architecture. Marketing Letters, 23(2), 487–504.CrossRef
go back to reference Kurtuluş, M., & Toktay, L. B. (2011). Category captainship vs. retailer category management under limited retail shelf space. Production and Operations Management, 20(1), 47–56.CrossRef Kurtuluş, M., & Toktay, L. B. (2011). Category captainship vs. retailer category management under limited retail shelf space. Production and Operations Management, 20(1), 47–56.CrossRef
go back to reference Latty, T., & Beekman, M. (2011). Irrational decision-making in an amoeboid organism: transitivity and context-dependent preferences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1703), 307–312.CrossRef Latty, T., & Beekman, M. (2011). Irrational decision-making in an amoeboid organism: transitivity and context-dependent preferences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1703), 307–312.CrossRef
go back to reference Lichters, M., Brunnlieb, C., Nave, G., Sarstedt, M., & Vogt, B. (2015a). The influence of serotonin deficiency on choice deferral and the compromise effect. Journal of Marketing Research, forthcoming. Lichters, M., Brunnlieb, C., Nave, G., Sarstedt, M., & Vogt, B. (2015a). The influence of serotonin deficiency on choice deferral and the compromise effect. Journal of Marketing Research, forthcoming.
go back to reference Lichters, M., Sarstedt, M., & Vogt, B. (2015b). On the practical relevance of the attraction effect: a cautionary note and guidelines for context effect experiments. AMS Review, 5(1-2), 1–19.CrossRef Lichters, M., Sarstedt, M., & Vogt, B. (2015b). On the practical relevance of the attraction effect: a cautionary note and guidelines for context effect experiments. AMS Review, 5(1-2), 1–19.CrossRef
go back to reference Malkoc, S. A., Hedgcock, W., & Hoeffler, S. (2013). Between a rock and a hard place: the failure of the attraction effect among unattractive alternatives. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(3), 317–329.CrossRef Malkoc, S. A., Hedgcock, W., & Hoeffler, S. (2013). Between a rock and a hard place: the failure of the attraction effect among unattractive alternatives. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(3), 317–329.CrossRef
go back to reference Mao, W., & Oppewal, H. (2012). The attraction effect is more pronounced for consumers who rely on intuitive reasoning. Marketing Letters, 23(1), 339–351.CrossRef Mao, W., & Oppewal, H. (2012). The attraction effect is more pronounced for consumers who rely on intuitive reasoning. Marketing Letters, 23(1), 339–351.CrossRef
go back to reference Milberg, S. J., Silva, M., Celedon, P., & Sinn, F. (2014). Synthesis of attraction effect research: practical market implications? European Journal of Marketing, 48(7/8), 1413–1430.CrossRef Milberg, S. J., Silva, M., Celedon, P., & Sinn, F. (2014). Synthesis of attraction effect research: practical market implications? European Journal of Marketing, 48(7/8), 1413–1430.CrossRef
go back to reference Mishra, S., Umesh, U. N., & Stem, D. E. (1993). Antecedents of the attraction effect: an information-processing approach. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(3), 331–349.CrossRef Mishra, S., Umesh, U. N., & Stem, D. E. (1993). Antecedents of the attraction effect: an information-processing approach. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(3), 331–349.CrossRef
go back to reference Mochon, D. (2013). Single-option aversion. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 555–566.CrossRef Mochon, D. (2013). Single-option aversion. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 555–566.CrossRef
go back to reference Mourali, M., Böckenholt, U., & Laroche, M. (2007). Compromise and attraction effects under prevention and promotion motivations. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(2), 234–247.CrossRef Mourali, M., Böckenholt, U., & Laroche, M. (2007). Compromise and attraction effects under prevention and promotion motivations. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(2), 234–247.CrossRef
go back to reference Müller, H., Kroll, E. B., & Vogt, B. (2010). Fact or artifact? Empirical evidence on the robustness of compromise effects in binding and non-binding choice contexts. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 17(5), 441–448.CrossRef Müller, H., Kroll, E. B., & Vogt, B. (2010). Fact or artifact? Empirical evidence on the robustness of compromise effects in binding and non-binding choice contexts. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 17(5), 441–448.CrossRef
go back to reference Müller, H., Kroll, E. B., & Vogt, B. (2012a). Do real payments really matter? A re-examination of the compromise effect in hypothetical and binding choice settings. Marketing Letters, 23(1), 73–92.CrossRef Müller, H., Kroll, E. B., & Vogt, B. (2012a). Do real payments really matter? A re-examination of the compromise effect in hypothetical and binding choice settings. Marketing Letters, 23(1), 73–92.CrossRef
go back to reference Müller, H., Vogt, B., & Kroll, E. B. (2012b). To be or not to be price conscious: a segment-based analysis of compromise effects in market-like framings. Psychology & Marketing, 29(2), 107–116.CrossRef Müller, H., Vogt, B., & Kroll, E. B. (2012b). To be or not to be price conscious: a segment-based analysis of compromise effects in market-like framings. Psychology & Marketing, 29(2), 107–116.CrossRef
go back to reference Munro, A., & Popov, D. (2013). A portmanteau experiment on the relevance of individual decision anomalies for households. Experimental Economics, 16(3), 1–14. Munro, A., & Popov, D. (2013). A portmanteau experiment on the relevance of individual decision anomalies for households. Experimental Economics, 16(3), 1–14.
go back to reference Murphy, J. J., Allen, P. G., Stevens, T. H., & Weatherhead, D. (2005). A meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in stated preference valuation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 30(3), 313–325.CrossRef Murphy, J. J., Allen, P. G., Stevens, T. H., & Weatherhead, D. (2005). A meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in stated preference valuation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 30(3), 313–325.CrossRef
go back to reference Palmeira, M. M. (2011). The zero-comparison effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(1), 16–26.CrossRef Palmeira, M. M. (2011). The zero-comparison effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(1), 16–26.CrossRef
go back to reference Pan, Y., O’Curry, S., & Pitts, R. (1995). The attraction effect and political choice in two elections. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(1), 85–101.CrossRef Pan, Y., O’Curry, S., & Pitts, R. (1995). The attraction effect and political choice in two elections. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(1), 85–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Pettibone, J. C., & Wedell, D. H. (2007). Testing alternative explanations of phantom decoy effects. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 20(3), 323–341.CrossRef Pettibone, J. C., & Wedell, D. H. (2007). Testing alternative explanations of phantom decoy effects. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 20(3), 323–341.CrossRef
go back to reference Pettibone, J. C. (2012). Testing the effect of time pressure on asymmetric dominance and compromise decoys in choice. Judgment and Decision Making, 7(4), 513–523. Pettibone, J. C. (2012). Testing the effect of time pressure on asymmetric dominance and compromise decoys in choice. Judgment and Decision Making, 7(4), 513–523.
go back to reference Ryu, G., Suk, K., Yoon, S., & Park, J. (2014). The underlying mechanism of self-regulatory focus impact on compromise choice. Journal of Business Research, 67(10), 2056–2063.CrossRef Ryu, G., Suk, K., Yoon, S., & Park, J. (2014). The underlying mechanism of self-regulatory focus impact on compromise choice. Journal of Business Research, 67(10), 2056–2063.CrossRef
go back to reference Schuck-Paim, C., Pompilio, L., & Kacelnik, A. (2004). State-dependent decisions cause apparent violations of rationality in animal choice. PLoS biology, 2(12), e402.CrossRef Schuck-Paim, C., Pompilio, L., & Kacelnik, A. (2004). State-dependent decisions cause apparent violations of rationality in animal choice. PLoS biology, 2(12), e402.CrossRef
go back to reference Simonson, I. (1989). Choice based on reasons: the case of attraction and compromise effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 158–174.CrossRef Simonson, I. (1989). Choice based on reasons: the case of attraction and compromise effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 158–174.CrossRef
go back to reference Simonson, I., & Tversky, A. (1992). Choice in context: tradeoff contrast and extremeness aversion. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 281–295.CrossRef Simonson, I., & Tversky, A. (1992). Choice in context: tradeoff contrast and extremeness aversion. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 281–295.CrossRef
go back to reference Simonson, I. (2014). Vices and virtues of misguided replications: the case of asymmetric dominance. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 514–519.CrossRef Simonson, I. (2014). Vices and virtues of misguided replications: the case of asymmetric dominance. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 514–519.CrossRef
go back to reference Simonson, I. (2015). Mission (largely) accomplished: what’s next for consumer BDT-JDM researchers? Journal of Marketing Behavior, 1(1), 9–35.CrossRef Simonson, I. (2015). Mission (largely) accomplished: what’s next for consumer BDT-JDM researchers? Journal of Marketing Behavior, 1(1), 9–35.CrossRef
go back to reference Sinn, F., Milberg, S. J., Epstein, L. D., & Goodstein, R. C. (2007). Compromising the compromise effect: brands matter. Marketing Letters, 18(4), 223–236.CrossRef Sinn, F., Milberg, S. J., Epstein, L. D., & Goodstein, R. C. (2007). Compromising the compromise effect: brands matter. Marketing Letters, 18(4), 223–236.CrossRef
go back to reference Thaler, R. H., & Johnson, E. J. (1990). Gambling with the house money and trying to break even: the effects of prior outcomes on risky choice. Management Science, 36(6), 643–660.CrossRef Thaler, R. H., & Johnson, E. J. (1990). Gambling with the house money and trying to break even: the effects of prior outcomes on risky choice. Management Science, 36(6), 643–660.CrossRef
go back to reference Trueblood, J. S., Brown, S. D., Heathcote, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2013). Not just for consumers: context effects are fundamental to decision making. Psychological Science, 24(6), 901–908.CrossRef Trueblood, J. S., Brown, S. D., Heathcote, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2013). Not just for consumers: context effects are fundamental to decision making. Psychological Science, 24(6), 901–908.CrossRef
go back to reference Yang, S., & Lynn, M. (2014). More evidence challenging the robustness and usefulness of the attraction effect. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 508–513.CrossRef Yang, S., & Lynn, M. (2014). More evidence challenging the robustness and usefulness of the attraction effect. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 508–513.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
What really matters in attraction effect research: when choices have economic consequences
Authors
Marcel Lichters
Paul Bengart
Marko Sarstedt
Bodo Vogt
Publication date
09-10-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Marketing Letters / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0923-0645
Electronic ISSN: 1573-059X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-015-9394-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Marketing Letters 1/2017 Go to the issue