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Wireless Networks
Published in: Wireless Networks 4/2020

22-04-2019

3D geographical routing protocols in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks: an overview

Authors: Naveen Kumar Gupta, Rama Shankar Yadav, Rajendra Kumar Nagaria

Published in: Wireless Networks | Issue 4/2020

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Abstract

Geographical routing is a prominent area of research in wireless networks where route establishment is based on known locations of wireless nodes. The location may be an exact physical location or virtual location. Many geographical routing protocols based on greedy and face routing approach have been designed for 2D networks, but these protocols may not be suitable in 3D environment like hill area, airborne networks, underground networks, underwater networks and so forth. The objective of this paper is to provide the research issues and challenges of geographical routing in the three-dimensional surface. These routing techniques suffer from many problems like energy efficiency, localization, mobility, load balancing, routing stretch, void node problems, etc. These issues have been addressed in the literature survey. In this paper, the recent research papers related to geographical routing have been discussed, but the main focus is on 3D geographic routing techniques, issues and challenges.
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Metadata
Title
3D geographical routing protocols in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks: an overview
Authors
Naveen Kumar Gupta
Rama Shankar Yadav
Rajendra Kumar Nagaria
Publication date
22-04-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Wireless Networks / Issue 4/2020
Print ISSN: 1022-0038
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-01983-y

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