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Sexuality Research and Social Policy

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26-07-2022

A Scoping Review of LGBT + Inclusion in Thailand: Policy Proposals and Recommendations

Authors: Luke Reid, Peter A. Newman, Holning Lau, Suchon Tepjan, Pakorn Akkakanjanasupar

Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy | Issue 4/2022

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Abstract

Introduction

Amid extensive scholarship on sexual and gender diversity in Thailand, research on LGBT + discrimination, exclusion, and policy responses remains limited and fragmented. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize the literature on LGBT + inclusion and human rights in Thailand, with a focus on diverse policy options.

Methods

Using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodology, and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines, we searched 16 bibliographic databases and gray literature. Results were categorized using an adapted WHO-UNDP LGBTI Inclusion Index and reviewed using a rights-based approach to policy analysis and development.

Results

We identified 2,341 sources, scoped to 115 published from 2000 to 2020. LGBT + exclusion and discrimination were identified in multiple domains, e.g., bullying in schools, disproportionate rates of sexual violence, labor market exclusion, and health disparities. Policy proposals ranged from implementing more stringent LGBT + antidiscrimination legislation to increasing the scope and quality of LGBT + health services. Specific proposals included legalizing same-sex marriage, allowing individuals to change gender markers on identity documents, explicit inclusion of LGBT + people in laws against sexual assault/rape, and increasing data collection on LGBT + populations.

Conclusions

Numerous policy proposals address LGBT + inclusion in Thailand, though largely circumscribed to healthcare and education domains, with less attention to the family or personal security/violence.

Policy Implications

We illustrate the utility of a rights-based approach to policy analysis/development and use specific policy examples (e.g., same-sex marriage, government-issued identity cards, disaggregated data collection) to highlight its potential to pre-empt implementation of problematic and regressive policies, and to ensure policymakers comply with their international legal obligations.

previous article Healthcare Mistreatment, State-Level Policy Protections, and Healthcare Avoidance Among Gender Minority People

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World Bank. (2016). Getting back on track: Reviving growth and securing prosperity for all–Thailand systematic country diagnostic. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand/publication/thailand-systematic-country-diagnostic-getting-back-on-track-and-reviving-growth

World Bank. (2018). Economic inclusion of LGBTI groups in Thailand. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29632

Title: A Scoping Review of LGBT + Inclusion in Thailand: Policy Proposals and Recommendations
Authors: Luke Reid
Peter A. Newman
Holning Lau
Suchon Tepjan
Pakorn Akkakanjanasupar
Publication date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1868-9884
Electronic ISSN: 1553-6610
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00751-6

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Policy Implications

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