Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Wireless Networks 2/2021

19-11-2020

Analysis and modelling the effects of mobility, Churn rate, node’s life span, intermittent bandwidth and stabilization cost of finger table in structured mobile P2P networks

Authors: Sanjeev Kumar Singh, Chiranjeev Kumar, Prem Nath

Published in: Wireless Networks | Issue 2/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Today P2P (Peer-to-Peer) networks are gaining popularity for sharing the contents. Due to massive spreading of Internet, these networks are also growing fast. MP2P (Mobile P2P) networks are attracting many users due to increase in the Internet-based mobile applications. These networks suffer from many challenges which are not considered for analysis and modelling adequately. We focus on few challenges like mobility of users, churn rate, intermittent bandwidth, shorter life span of mobile nodes, stabilization of finger table, etc. in this paper. We analytically analyse these challenges and define the effects of different parameters over the performance. Traditional P2P protocols are designed for wired networks and when these are implemented for mobile networks then mobility effect of users adds more challenge for researchers. We select two types of mobility models namely FF (Fluid Flow) and RWP (Random Waypoint) models to model the users’ mobility. The churn rate of the mobile nodes makes network overlay management and content searching more difficult in MP2P networks. We select finger table-based protocols which are widely deployed in the P2P networks. But these protocols can’t perform well in the mobile P2P networks due to mobility of the users. The mobility of the users and churn rate of the mobile nodes create failure in lookup of finger table and induce more cost to update the finger table. We consider these challenges and quantify the failure rate of mobile nodes, life span of mobile nodes, available bandwidth, cost of stabilization of finger table per node, etc. in this proposal. The proposed model is useful for modelling the performance of MP2P networks performance in various wireless environments like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless MAN (WMAN), etc.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Hidalgo, C., & Barabasi, A. (2008). Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature, 453(7196), 779–782.CrossRef Hidalgo, C., & Barabasi, A. (2008). Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature, 453(7196), 779–782.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bettstetter, C., Hartenstein, H., & Perez-Costa, X. (2004). Stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model. Wireless Networks, 10(5), 555–567.CrossRef Bettstetter, C., Hartenstein, H., & Perez-Costa, X. (2004). Stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model. Wireless Networks, 10(5), 555–567.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Chao, F., Zhang, H., Du, X., & Zhang, C. (2011). Improvement of structured P2P routing algorithm based on NN-chord. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference WiCOM (pp. 1–5), Zhengzhou, China. Chao, F., Zhang, H., Du, X., & Zhang, C. (2011). Improvement of structured P2P routing algorithm based on NN-chord. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference WiCOM (pp. 1–5), Zhengzhou, China.
6.
go back to reference Chen, S., Qiao, Y., Chen, S., & Li, J. (2013). Estimating the cardinality of a mobile peer-to-peer network. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 359–368.CrossRef Chen, S., Qiao, Y., Chen, S., & Li, J. (2013). Estimating the cardinality of a mobile peer-to-peer network. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 359–368.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Chen, J.-C., Yeh, J.-H., Hung, S.-H., Chen, F.-C., Lin, L.-W., & Lan, Y.-W. (2007). Reconfigurable architecture and mobility management for next-generation wireless IP networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 6(8), 3102–3113.CrossRef Chen, J.-C., Yeh, J.-H., Hung, S.-H., Chen, F.-C., Lin, L.-W., & Lan, Y.-W. (2007). Reconfigurable architecture and mobility management for next-generation wireless IP networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 6(8), 3102–3113.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Dabek, F. (2005). A distributed hash table, Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Dabek, F. (2005). A distributed hash table, Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
9.
go back to reference Dao, L. H., & Kim, J. (2006). AChord: Topology-aware Chord in anycast-enabled networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICHIT, Gwangju, Korea (pp. 334–341). Dao, L. H., & Kim, J. (2006). AChord: Topology-aware Chord in anycast-enabled networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICHIT, Gwangju, Korea (pp. 334–341).
10.
go back to reference Fang, Y., Chlamtac, I., & Lin, Y. B. (2000). Portable movement modeling for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 49(4), 1356–1363.CrossRef Fang, Y., Chlamtac, I., & Lin, Y. B. (2000). Portable movement modeling for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 49(4), 1356–1363.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Forestiero, A., Leonardi, E., Mastroianni, C., & Meo, M. (2010). Self-chord: A bio-inspired P2P framework for self-organizing distributed systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18(5), 1651–1664.CrossRef Forestiero, A., Leonardi, E., Mastroianni, C., & Meo, M. (2010). Self-chord: A bio-inspired P2P framework for self-organizing distributed systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18(5), 1651–1664.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Wang, Y., Yu, J., & Li, Y. (2004). VChord: Constructing peer-to-peer overlay network by exploiting heterogeneity. In Embedded and ubiquitous computing (pp. 1096–1106), Wakamatsu, Japan. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg. Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Wang, Y., Yu, J., & Li, Y. (2004). VChord: Constructing peer-to-peer overlay network by exploiting heterogeneity. In Embedded and ubiquitous computing (pp. 1096–1106), Wakamatsu, Japan. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg.
13.
go back to reference Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2004). HPChord: A peer-to-peer overlay to achieve better routing efficiency by exploiting heterogeneity and proximity. In Grid and cooperative computing—GCC (pp. 626–633), Springer, Wuhan, China, Berlin Heidelberg. Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2004). HPChord: A peer-to-peer overlay to achieve better routing efficiency by exploiting heterogeneity and proximity. In Grid and cooperative computing—GCC (pp. 626–633), Springer, Wuhan, China, Berlin Heidelberg.
14.
go back to reference Huang, C.-M., Hsu, T.-H., & Hsu, M.-F. (2007). Network-aware P2P file sharing over the wireless mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 25(1), 204–210.CrossRef Huang, C.-M., Hsu, T.-H., & Hsu, M.-F. (2007). Network-aware P2P file sharing over the wireless mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 25(1), 204–210.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Hyytia, E., & Virtamo, J. (2007). Random waypoint mobility model in cellular networks. Wireless Networks, 13(2), 177–188.CrossRef Hyytia, E., & Virtamo, J. (2007). Random waypoint mobility model in cellular networks. Wireless Networks, 13(2), 177–188.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kovacevic, A., Liebau, N., & Steinmetz, R. (2007). Globase.KOM -A P2P overlay for fully retrievable location-based search. In Proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on peer-to-peer computing (pp. 87–94). Kovacevic, A., Liebau, N., & Steinmetz, R. (2007). Globase.KOM -A P2P overlay for fully retrievable location-based search. In Proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on peer-to-peer computing (pp. 87–94).
17.
go back to reference Krishnamurthy, S., El-Ansary, S., Aurell, E., & Haridi, S. (2008). An analytical study of a structured overlay in the presence of dynamic membership. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 8(4), 814–825.CrossRef Krishnamurthy, S., El-Ansary, S., Aurell, E., & Haridi, S. (2008). An analytical study of a structured overlay in the presence of dynamic membership. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 8(4), 814–825.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Lee, H. J., & Cho, D.-H. (2006). An efficient location management scheme based on replication strategy for intersystem roaming in mobile wireless networks. Computer Communications, 29, 3238–3249.CrossRef Lee, H. J., & Cho, D.-H. (2006). An efficient location management scheme based on replication strategy for intersystem roaming in mobile wireless networks. Computer Communications, 29, 3238–3249.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Li, J., Pan, Y., & Jia, X. (2002). Analysis of dynamic location management for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 51(5), 1109–1119.CrossRef Li, J., Pan, Y., & Jia, X. (2002). Analysis of dynamic location management for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 51(5), 1109–1119.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Lin, X., Ganti, R. K., Fleming, P. J., & Andrews, J. G. (2013). Towards understanding the fundamentals of mobility in cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(4), 1686–1698.CrossRef Lin, X., Ganti, R. K., Fleming, P. J., & Andrews, J. G. (2013). Towards understanding the fundamentals of mobility in cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(4), 1686–1698.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Liu, C. L., Wang, C. Y., & Wei, H. Y. (2010). Cross-layer mobile chord P2P protocol design for VANET. International Journal of Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Computing, 6(3), 150–163.CrossRef Liu, C. L., Wang, C. Y., & Wei, H. Y. (2010). Cross-layer mobile chord P2P protocol design for VANET. International Journal of Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Computing, 6(3), 150–163.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Nath, P., & Chiranjeev, K. (2014). Adaptive mobility anchor point to reduce regional registration and packets delivery costs. In Computers and electrical engineering (No. 40, pp. 1329–1343). Nath, P., & Chiranjeev, K. (2014). Adaptive mobility anchor point to reduce regional registration and packets delivery costs. In Computers and electrical engineering (No. 40, pp. 1329–1343).
24.
go back to reference Picone, M., Amoretti, M., & Zanichelli, F. (xxxx). Proactive neighbor localization based on distributed geographic table. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications ISSN: 1742-7371. Picone, M., Amoretti, M., & Zanichelli, F. (xxxx). Proactive neighbor localization based on distributed geographic table. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications ISSN: 1742-7371.
26.
go back to reference Rowstron, A., & Druschel, P. (2001). Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of 18th IFIP/ACM Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware) (pp. 329–350), Heidelberg, Germany. Rowstron, A., & Druschel, P. (2001). Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of 18th IFIP/ACM Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware) (pp. 329–350), Heidelberg, Germany.
27.
go back to reference Shen, H., Li, Z., & To, L. Y. (2015). A P2P-based market-guided distributed routing mechanism for high-throughput hybrid wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 14(2), 245–260.CrossRef Shen, H., Li, Z., & To, L. Y. (2015). A P2P-based market-guided distributed routing mechanism for high-throughput hybrid wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 14(2), 245–260.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Small, T., & Haas, Z. J. (2007). Quality of service and capacity in constrained intermittent-connectivity networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(7), 803–814.CrossRef Small, T., & Haas, Z. J. (2007). Quality of service and capacity in constrained intermittent-connectivity networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(7), 803–814.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Song, C., Koren, T., Wang, P., & Barabasi, A. (2010). Modelling the scaling properties of human mobility. Nature Physics, 6(10), 818–823.CrossRef Song, C., Koren, T., Wang, P., & Barabasi, A. (2010). Modelling the scaling properties of human mobility. Nature Physics, 6(10), 818–823.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Sou, S.-I., & Ho, H.-F. (2012). Modeling session completion in sparse vehicular internet access. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(2), 161–163.CrossRef Sou, S.-I., & Ho, H.-F. (2012). Modeling session completion in sparse vehicular internet access. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(2), 161–163.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Stoica, I., Morris, R., Liben-Nowell, D., Karger, D. R., Kaashoek, M. F., Dabek, F., et al. (2003). Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for Internet applications. IEEE/ACM Transactions over Networks, 11(1), 17–32.CrossRef Stoica, I., Morris, R., Liben-Nowell, D., Karger, D. R., Kaashoek, M. F., Dabek, F., et al. (2003). Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for Internet applications. IEEE/ACM Transactions over Networks, 11(1), 17–32.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Thomas, R., Gilbert, H., & Maziotto, G. (1998). Influence of the moving of the mobile stations on the performance of a radio mobile cellular network. In Proceedings of the third nordic seminar on digital land mobile radio communications (pp. 1–9). Thomas, R., Gilbert, H., & Maziotto, G. (1998). Influence of the moving of the mobile stations on the performance of a radio mobile cellular network. In Proceedings of the third nordic seminar on digital land mobile radio communications (pp. 1–9).
34.
go back to reference Wang, S., Liu, M., Cheng, X., Li, Z., Huang, J., & Chen, B. (2013). Opportunistic routing in intermittently connected mobile P2P networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 369–378.CrossRef Wang, S., Liu, M., Cheng, X., Li, Z., Huang, J., & Chen, B. (2013). Opportunistic routing in intermittently connected mobile P2P networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 369–378.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Woungang, I., Tseng, F.-H., Lin, Y.-H., Chou, L.-D., Chao, H.-C., & Obaidat, M. S. (2015). MR-chord: Improved chord lookup performance in structured mobile P2P networks. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(3), 743–751.CrossRef Woungang, I., Tseng, F.-H., Lin, Y.-H., Chou, L.-D., Chao, H.-C., & Obaidat, M. S. (2015). MR-chord: Improved chord lookup performance in structured mobile P2P networks. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(3), 743–751.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Xia, H., Wang, N., & Zeng, Z. (2013). Neighbour peer selection scheme based on effective capacity for mobile peer-to-peer streaming. China Communications (pp. 89–98). Xia, H., Wang, N., & Zeng, Z. (2013). Neighbour peer selection scheme based on effective capacity for mobile peer-to-peer streaming. China Communications (pp. 89–98).
37.
go back to reference Xian, W., Pingzhi, F., Jie, L., & Yi-Pan, (2008). Modeling and cost analysis of movement based location management for PCS network with HLR/VLR architecture, general location area and cell residing time distribution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(6), 3815–3831.CrossRef Xian, W., Pingzhi, F., Jie, L., & Yi-Pan, (2008). Modeling and cost analysis of movement based location management for PCS network with HLR/VLR architecture, general location area and cell residing time distribution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(6), 3815–3831.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Yi-hua, Z., Victor, C. M., & Leung, (2008). Optimization of distance-based location management for PCS Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 7(9), 3507–3516.CrossRef Yi-hua, Z., Victor, C. M., & Leung, (2008). Optimization of distance-based location management for PCS Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 7(9), 3507–3516.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Yoon, J., Liu, M., & Noble, B. (2003). Random waypoint considered harmful. In Proceedings of IEEE information communications conference (INFOCOM 2003) (Vol. 2, pp. 1312–1321), San Francisco, CA. Yoon, J., Liu, M., & Noble, B. (2003). Random waypoint considered harmful. In Proceedings of IEEE information communications conference (INFOCOM 2003) (Vol. 2, pp. 1312–1321), San Francisco, CA.
40.
go back to reference Zhao, B. Y., Kubiatowicz, J. D., Joseph, A. D., & Bartlett, P. (2001). Tapestry: An infra-structure for fault-resilient wide-area location and routing. Computer Science Division, University California, Berkeley, CA, Technical Report UCBI/CSD-01-1141. http://discus.anu.edu.au/ml/index.html (Accessed 23rd July 2020). Zhao, B. Y., Kubiatowicz, J. D., Joseph, A. D., & Bartlett, P. (2001). Tapestry: An infra-structure for fault-resilient wide-area location and routing. Computer Science Division, University California, Berkeley, CA, Technical Report UCBI/CSD-01-1141. http://​discus.​anu.​edu.​au/​ml/​index.​html (Accessed 23rd July 2020).
Metadata
Title
Analysis and modelling the effects of mobility, Churn rate, node’s life span, intermittent bandwidth and stabilization cost of finger table in structured mobile P2P networks
Authors
Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Chiranjeev Kumar
Prem Nath
Publication date
19-11-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Wireless Networks / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1022-0038
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02493-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2021

Wireless Networks 2/2021 Go to the issue