Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wireless Networks 2/2021

19.11.2020

Analysis and modelling the effects of mobility, Churn rate, node’s life span, intermittent bandwidth and stabilization cost of finger table in structured mobile P2P networks

verfasst von: Sanjeev Kumar Singh, Chiranjeev Kumar, Prem Nath

Erschienen in: Wireless Networks | Ausgabe 2/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Today P2P (Peer-to-Peer) networks are gaining popularity for sharing the contents. Due to massive spreading of Internet, these networks are also growing fast. MP2P (Mobile P2P) networks are attracting many users due to increase in the Internet-based mobile applications. These networks suffer from many challenges which are not considered for analysis and modelling adequately. We focus on few challenges like mobility of users, churn rate, intermittent bandwidth, shorter life span of mobile nodes, stabilization of finger table, etc. in this paper. We analytically analyse these challenges and define the effects of different parameters over the performance. Traditional P2P protocols are designed for wired networks and when these are implemented for mobile networks then mobility effect of users adds more challenge for researchers. We select two types of mobility models namely FF (Fluid Flow) and RWP (Random Waypoint) models to model the users’ mobility. The churn rate of the mobile nodes makes network overlay management and content searching more difficult in MP2P networks. We select finger table-based protocols which are widely deployed in the P2P networks. But these protocols can’t perform well in the mobile P2P networks due to mobility of the users. The mobility of the users and churn rate of the mobile nodes create failure in lookup of finger table and induce more cost to update the finger table. We consider these challenges and quantify the failure rate of mobile nodes, life span of mobile nodes, available bandwidth, cost of stabilization of finger table per node, etc. in this proposal. The proposed model is useful for modelling the performance of MP2P networks performance in various wireless environments like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless MAN (WMAN), etc.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Hidalgo, C., & Barabasi, A. (2008). Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature, 453(7196), 779–782.CrossRef Hidalgo, C., & Barabasi, A. (2008). Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature, 453(7196), 779–782.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bettstetter, C., Hartenstein, H., & Perez-Costa, X. (2004). Stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model. Wireless Networks, 10(5), 555–567.CrossRef Bettstetter, C., Hartenstein, H., & Perez-Costa, X. (2004). Stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model. Wireless Networks, 10(5), 555–567.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Chao, F., Zhang, H., Du, X., & Zhang, C. (2011). Improvement of structured P2P routing algorithm based on NN-chord. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference WiCOM (pp. 1–5), Zhengzhou, China. Chao, F., Zhang, H., Du, X., & Zhang, C. (2011). Improvement of structured P2P routing algorithm based on NN-chord. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference WiCOM (pp. 1–5), Zhengzhou, China.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, S., Qiao, Y., Chen, S., & Li, J. (2013). Estimating the cardinality of a mobile peer-to-peer network. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 359–368.CrossRef Chen, S., Qiao, Y., Chen, S., & Li, J. (2013). Estimating the cardinality of a mobile peer-to-peer network. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 359–368.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, J.-C., Yeh, J.-H., Hung, S.-H., Chen, F.-C., Lin, L.-W., & Lan, Y.-W. (2007). Reconfigurable architecture and mobility management for next-generation wireless IP networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 6(8), 3102–3113.CrossRef Chen, J.-C., Yeh, J.-H., Hung, S.-H., Chen, F.-C., Lin, L.-W., & Lan, Y.-W. (2007). Reconfigurable architecture and mobility management for next-generation wireless IP networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 6(8), 3102–3113.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dabek, F. (2005). A distributed hash table, Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Dabek, F. (2005). A distributed hash table, Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dao, L. H., & Kim, J. (2006). AChord: Topology-aware Chord in anycast-enabled networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICHIT, Gwangju, Korea (pp. 334–341). Dao, L. H., & Kim, J. (2006). AChord: Topology-aware Chord in anycast-enabled networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICHIT, Gwangju, Korea (pp. 334–341).
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fang, Y., Chlamtac, I., & Lin, Y. B. (2000). Portable movement modeling for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 49(4), 1356–1363.CrossRef Fang, Y., Chlamtac, I., & Lin, Y. B. (2000). Portable movement modeling for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 49(4), 1356–1363.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Forestiero, A., Leonardi, E., Mastroianni, C., & Meo, M. (2010). Self-chord: A bio-inspired P2P framework for self-organizing distributed systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18(5), 1651–1664.CrossRef Forestiero, A., Leonardi, E., Mastroianni, C., & Meo, M. (2010). Self-chord: A bio-inspired P2P framework for self-organizing distributed systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18(5), 1651–1664.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Wang, Y., Yu, J., & Li, Y. (2004). VChord: Constructing peer-to-peer overlay network by exploiting heterogeneity. In Embedded and ubiquitous computing (pp. 1096–1106), Wakamatsu, Japan. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg. Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Wang, Y., Yu, J., & Li, Y. (2004). VChord: Constructing peer-to-peer overlay network by exploiting heterogeneity. In Embedded and ubiquitous computing (pp. 1096–1106), Wakamatsu, Japan. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2004). HPChord: A peer-to-peer overlay to achieve better routing efficiency by exploiting heterogeneity and proximity. In Grid and cooperative computing—GCC (pp. 626–633), Springer, Wuhan, China, Berlin Heidelberg. Hong, F., Li, M., Lu, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2004). HPChord: A peer-to-peer overlay to achieve better routing efficiency by exploiting heterogeneity and proximity. In Grid and cooperative computing—GCC (pp. 626–633), Springer, Wuhan, China, Berlin Heidelberg.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, C.-M., Hsu, T.-H., & Hsu, M.-F. (2007). Network-aware P2P file sharing over the wireless mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 25(1), 204–210.CrossRef Huang, C.-M., Hsu, T.-H., & Hsu, M.-F. (2007). Network-aware P2P file sharing over the wireless mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 25(1), 204–210.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyytia, E., & Virtamo, J. (2007). Random waypoint mobility model in cellular networks. Wireless Networks, 13(2), 177–188.CrossRef Hyytia, E., & Virtamo, J. (2007). Random waypoint mobility model in cellular networks. Wireless Networks, 13(2), 177–188.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovacevic, A., Liebau, N., & Steinmetz, R. (2007). Globase.KOM -A P2P overlay for fully retrievable location-based search. In Proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on peer-to-peer computing (pp. 87–94). Kovacevic, A., Liebau, N., & Steinmetz, R. (2007). Globase.KOM -A P2P overlay for fully retrievable location-based search. In Proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on peer-to-peer computing (pp. 87–94).
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Krishnamurthy, S., El-Ansary, S., Aurell, E., & Haridi, S. (2008). An analytical study of a structured overlay in the presence of dynamic membership. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 8(4), 814–825.CrossRef Krishnamurthy, S., El-Ansary, S., Aurell, E., & Haridi, S. (2008). An analytical study of a structured overlay in the presence of dynamic membership. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 8(4), 814–825.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, H. J., & Cho, D.-H. (2006). An efficient location management scheme based on replication strategy for intersystem roaming in mobile wireless networks. Computer Communications, 29, 3238–3249.CrossRef Lee, H. J., & Cho, D.-H. (2006). An efficient location management scheme based on replication strategy for intersystem roaming in mobile wireless networks. Computer Communications, 29, 3238–3249.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, J., Pan, Y., & Jia, X. (2002). Analysis of dynamic location management for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 51(5), 1109–1119.CrossRef Li, J., Pan, Y., & Jia, X. (2002). Analysis of dynamic location management for PCS networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 51(5), 1109–1119.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, X., Ganti, R. K., Fleming, P. J., & Andrews, J. G. (2013). Towards understanding the fundamentals of mobility in cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(4), 1686–1698.CrossRef Lin, X., Ganti, R. K., Fleming, P. J., & Andrews, J. G. (2013). Towards understanding the fundamentals of mobility in cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(4), 1686–1698.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, C. L., Wang, C. Y., & Wei, H. Y. (2010). Cross-layer mobile chord P2P protocol design for VANET. International Journal of Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Computing, 6(3), 150–163.CrossRef Liu, C. L., Wang, C. Y., & Wei, H. Y. (2010). Cross-layer mobile chord P2P protocol design for VANET. International Journal of Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Computing, 6(3), 150–163.CrossRef
22.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Nath, P., & Chiranjeev, K. (2014). Adaptive mobility anchor point to reduce regional registration and packets delivery costs. In Computers and electrical engineering (No. 40, pp. 1329–1343). Nath, P., & Chiranjeev, K. (2014). Adaptive mobility anchor point to reduce regional registration and packets delivery costs. In Computers and electrical engineering (No. 40, pp. 1329–1343).
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Picone, M., Amoretti, M., & Zanichelli, F. (xxxx). Proactive neighbor localization based on distributed geographic table. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications ISSN: 1742-7371. Picone, M., Amoretti, M., & Zanichelli, F. (xxxx). Proactive neighbor localization based on distributed geographic table. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications ISSN: 1742-7371.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowstron, A., & Druschel, P. (2001). Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of 18th IFIP/ACM Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware) (pp. 329–350), Heidelberg, Germany. Rowstron, A., & Druschel, P. (2001). Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of 18th IFIP/ACM Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware) (pp. 329–350), Heidelberg, Germany.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen, H., Li, Z., & To, L. Y. (2015). A P2P-based market-guided distributed routing mechanism for high-throughput hybrid wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 14(2), 245–260.CrossRef Shen, H., Li, Z., & To, L. Y. (2015). A P2P-based market-guided distributed routing mechanism for high-throughput hybrid wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 14(2), 245–260.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Small, T., & Haas, Z. J. (2007). Quality of service and capacity in constrained intermittent-connectivity networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(7), 803–814.CrossRef Small, T., & Haas, Z. J. (2007). Quality of service and capacity in constrained intermittent-connectivity networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(7), 803–814.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Song, C., Koren, T., Wang, P., & Barabasi, A. (2010). Modelling the scaling properties of human mobility. Nature Physics, 6(10), 818–823.CrossRef Song, C., Koren, T., Wang, P., & Barabasi, A. (2010). Modelling the scaling properties of human mobility. Nature Physics, 6(10), 818–823.CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Sou, S.-I., & Ho, H.-F. (2012). Modeling session completion in sparse vehicular internet access. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(2), 161–163.CrossRef Sou, S.-I., & Ho, H.-F. (2012). Modeling session completion in sparse vehicular internet access. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(2), 161–163.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoica, I., Morris, R., Liben-Nowell, D., Karger, D. R., Kaashoek, M. F., Dabek, F., et al. (2003). Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for Internet applications. IEEE/ACM Transactions over Networks, 11(1), 17–32.CrossRef Stoica, I., Morris, R., Liben-Nowell, D., Karger, D. R., Kaashoek, M. F., Dabek, F., et al. (2003). Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for Internet applications. IEEE/ACM Transactions over Networks, 11(1), 17–32.CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas, R., Gilbert, H., & Maziotto, G. (1998). Influence of the moving of the mobile stations on the performance of a radio mobile cellular network. In Proceedings of the third nordic seminar on digital land mobile radio communications (pp. 1–9). Thomas, R., Gilbert, H., & Maziotto, G. (1998). Influence of the moving of the mobile stations on the performance of a radio mobile cellular network. In Proceedings of the third nordic seminar on digital land mobile radio communications (pp. 1–9).
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, S., Liu, M., Cheng, X., Li, Z., Huang, J., & Chen, B. (2013). Opportunistic routing in intermittently connected mobile P2P networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 369–378.CrossRef Wang, S., Liu, M., Cheng, X., Li, Z., Huang, J., & Chen, B. (2013). Opportunistic routing in intermittently connected mobile P2P networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 31(9), 369–378.CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Woungang, I., Tseng, F.-H., Lin, Y.-H., Chou, L.-D., Chao, H.-C., & Obaidat, M. S. (2015). MR-chord: Improved chord lookup performance in structured mobile P2P networks. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(3), 743–751.CrossRef Woungang, I., Tseng, F.-H., Lin, Y.-H., Chou, L.-D., Chao, H.-C., & Obaidat, M. S. (2015). MR-chord: Improved chord lookup performance in structured mobile P2P networks. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(3), 743–751.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Xia, H., Wang, N., & Zeng, Z. (2013). Neighbour peer selection scheme based on effective capacity for mobile peer-to-peer streaming. China Communications (pp. 89–98). Xia, H., Wang, N., & Zeng, Z. (2013). Neighbour peer selection scheme based on effective capacity for mobile peer-to-peer streaming. China Communications (pp. 89–98).
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Xian, W., Pingzhi, F., Jie, L., & Yi-Pan, (2008). Modeling and cost analysis of movement based location management for PCS network with HLR/VLR architecture, general location area and cell residing time distribution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(6), 3815–3831.CrossRef Xian, W., Pingzhi, F., Jie, L., & Yi-Pan, (2008). Modeling and cost analysis of movement based location management for PCS network with HLR/VLR architecture, general location area and cell residing time distribution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(6), 3815–3831.CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Yi-hua, Z., Victor, C. M., & Leung, (2008). Optimization of distance-based location management for PCS Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 7(9), 3507–3516.CrossRef Yi-hua, Z., Victor, C. M., & Leung, (2008). Optimization of distance-based location management for PCS Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 7(9), 3507–3516.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoon, J., Liu, M., & Noble, B. (2003). Random waypoint considered harmful. In Proceedings of IEEE information communications conference (INFOCOM 2003) (Vol. 2, pp. 1312–1321), San Francisco, CA. Yoon, J., Liu, M., & Noble, B. (2003). Random waypoint considered harmful. In Proceedings of IEEE information communications conference (INFOCOM 2003) (Vol. 2, pp. 1312–1321), San Francisco, CA.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao, B. Y., Kubiatowicz, J. D., Joseph, A. D., & Bartlett, P. (2001). Tapestry: An infra-structure for fault-resilient wide-area location and routing. Computer Science Division, University California, Berkeley, CA, Technical Report UCBI/CSD-01-1141. http://discus.anu.edu.au/ml/index.html (Accessed 23rd July 2020). Zhao, B. Y., Kubiatowicz, J. D., Joseph, A. D., & Bartlett, P. (2001). Tapestry: An infra-structure for fault-resilient wide-area location and routing. Computer Science Division, University California, Berkeley, CA, Technical Report UCBI/CSD-01-1141. http://​discus.​anu.​edu.​au/​ml/​index.​html (Accessed 23rd July 2020).
Metadaten
Titel
Analysis and modelling the effects of mobility, Churn rate, node’s life span, intermittent bandwidth and stabilization cost of finger table in structured mobile P2P networks
verfasst von
Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Chiranjeev Kumar
Prem Nath
Publikationsdatum
19.11.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Wireless Networks / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1022-0038
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02493-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2021

Wireless Networks 2/2021 Zur Ausgabe