Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
Published in: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 1/2022

15-07-2021 | Research Article-Earth Sciences

Analysis of Main Controlling Factors of Natural CO2 Based on 3D Geological Modelling in the Northern Wuerxun Sag, Hailar Basin, China

Authors: Ning Qi, Haitao Xue, Jinxiu Yang, Mingyue Lu, Shuangfang Lu, Ying Xia

Published in: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering | Issue 1/2022

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Natural CO2 was discovered in Nantun Formation in the northern Wuerxun Sag. A better understanding of the main controlling factors of CO2 distribution in this area is necessary. In this paper, a 3D geological model of Nantun Formation is established based on well-logging and seismic interpretation results, constrained by dual facies conditions. The 3D geological model includes structural, lithologic, physical property information and the spatial distribution of magmatic intrusions. This comprehensive model can display the stratigraphic framework, fault distribution and spatial characteristics of sandstone reservoirs and physical properties. Modelling results show that the sandstone reservoirs of Nantun Formation are of low permeability and low porosity, with N1 Member characterized by a higher sandstone content than N2 Member. The CO2 is of inorganic origin degassed from intruded magma, and most CO2 is stored at structural traps in the west of the Surennuoer strike-slip fault zone. There is a spatial relationship among the CO2 distribution, Surennuoer strike-slip fault and magmatic intrusion bodies, indicating a genetic link. Therefore, we propose that the strike-slip fault and magmatic bodies are the main controlling factors of CO2 distribution and that reservoir quality plays a secondary role. The CO2 accumulation model is established showing the CO2 degassed from magmatic intrusion body, migrated upward along deep faults and was stored in shallower structure traps. Generally, this modelling method is helpful to understand the controlling factors of CO2 accumulation, which can be widely applicable in other areas with natural CO2 occurrence.
previous article Characteristics and Forming Processes of Reef-Shoal Reservoir in Changhsing Formation of the Eastern Sichuan Basin in Dianjiang, China
next article Ground-State Properties of Even–Even Nuclei from He (Z = 2) to Ds (Z = 110) in the Framework of Skyrme–Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov Theory

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
Sadeq, D.; Iglauer, S.; Lebedev, M.; Rahman, T.; Zhang, Y.H.; Barifcani, A.: Experimental pore-scale analysis of carbon dioxide hydrate in sandstone via X-Ray micro-computed tomography. Int. J. Greenh. Gas. Con. 79, 73–82 (2018)
2.
Blunt, M.; Fayers, F.J.; Orr, F.M.: Carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery. Energy Convers. Manag. 34(9–11), 1197–1204 (1993)
3.
Holm, L.W.: CO2 Flooding: Its time has come. JPT J. Pet. Technol. 34(12), 2739–2745 (1982)
4.
Hussain, D.; Dzombak, D.A.; Jaramillo, P.; Lowry, G.V.: Comparative lifecycle inventory (LCI) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods using different CO2 sources. Int. J. Greenh. Gas. Con. 16, 129–144 (2013)
5.
6.
Thanh, H.V.; Sugai, Y.; Nguele, R.; Sasaki, K.: Integrated workflow in 3D geological model construction for evaluation of CO2 storage capacity of a fractured basement reservoir in Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control. 90, 102826 (2019)
7.
Huang, W.; Wu, H.B.; Li, J.H.; Liu, H.: Study on the Sedimentary System and Favorable Facies of Nantun Formation in the middle Zone of Hailaer-Tamtsag Basin. Acta Sedimentol. Sin. 34(1), 120–128 (2016)
8.
Liu, X.B.: Research on relation between fault system and CO2 gas reservoir formation in Songliao Basin. Daqing Petroleum Institute (2009)
9.
Fu, G.; Meng, Q.F.; Xu, Q.: Main factors controlling oil or gas accumulation and distribution and forecasting for favorable exploration areas of K1n2 in Northern Wuerxun Sag. J. Jilin Univ. (Earth Sci. Edition). 34(3), 377–387 (2004)
10.
Wu, H.B.; Li, J.H.; Liu, H.: Sequence architecture pattern and hydrocarbon accumulation model of Lower Cretaceous in Wuerxun-Beier Depression. Hailaer Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs. 27(5), 155–160 (2015)
11.
12.
He, T.H.; Lu, S.F.; Li, W.H.; Wang, W.M.; Sun, D.Q.; Pan, W.Q.; Zhang, B.S.: Geochemical characteristics and effectiveness of thick, black shales in southwestern depression, Tarim Basin. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 185, 106607 (2018)
13.
Fu, G.; Chen, J.H.: Comprehensive evaluation for control of source rock, fault and potential on faults-enclosed oil/gas accumulation: a case study of K1n1 of main central depression zones in Haita Basin. Petrol. Geol. Recovery Effi. 22(6), 5–10 (2015)
14.
Xu, Y.B.; Feng, Z.H.; Yao, D.: Generation of CO2 gas reservoir in Hailar Basin. Pet. Geol. Oilfield Dev. Daqing. 14(1), 9–11 (1995)
15.
Zhang, T.L.; Chen, J.F.; Zhu, D.F.; Zhao, X.Q.: Genetic analysis of CO2 in CO2 gas reservoirs of middle fault zone of Hailaer-Tamtsag Basin. J. China Univ. Petroleum. 36(2), 68–80 (2012)
16.
Zhang, X.D.: Analysis on genesis and accumulation law of carbon dioxide gas reservoirs in the northeastern areas of China. Acta Petorlei Sinica. 24(6), 13–23 (2003)MathSciNet
17.
Miao, Q.Y.; Xu, C.G.; Hao, F.; Yin, J.; Wang, Q.; Xie, M.J.S.; Cao, Y.J.; Zou, H.Y.: Roles of fault structures on the distribution of mantle-derived CO2 in the Bohai Bay Basin. NE China. J Asian Earth Sci. 197, 104398 (2020)
18.
Zhang, T.W.; Zhang, M.J.; Bai, B.J.; Wang, X.B.; Li, L.W.: Origin and accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Huanghua depression, Bohai Bay Basin China. AAPG Bull. 92(3), 341–358 (2008)
19.
Liu, X.B.; Fu, X.F.; Liu, D.M.; Wei, W.; Lu, C.B.; Wang, W.A.; Gao, H.J.: Distribution of mantle-derived CO2 gas reservoir and its relationship with basement faults in Songliao Basin. China. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 56, 593–607 (2018)
20.
Abdelmaksoud, A.; Amin, A.T.; El-Habaak, G.H.; Ewida, H.F.: Facies and petrophysical modelling of the Upper Bahariya Member in Abu Gharadig oil and gas field, north Western Desert. Egypt. J. Afr. Earth. Sci. 149, 503–516 (2019)
21.
Li, Z.L.; Pan, M.; Han, D.K.; Liu, W.L.; Hu, S.Q.; Liu, P.G.; Yan, M.: Three-Dimensional structural modelling technique. Earth Sci. 41(12), 2136–2146 (2016)
22.
Abdelmaksoud, A.; Ewida, H.F.; El-Habaak, G.H.; Amin, A.T.: 3D Structural modelling of the upper Bahariya Member in Abu Gharadig Oil and Gas Field, North Western Desert. Egypt. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 150, 685–700 (2019)
23.
Cao, B.F.; Luo, X.R.; Zhang, L.K.; Lei, Y.H.; Zhou, J.S.: Petrofacies prediction and 3-D geological model in tight gas sandstone reservoirs by integration of well logs and geostatistical modelling. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 114, 104202 (2020)
24.
Thanh, H.V.; Sugai, Y.; Sasaki, K.: Impact of a new geological modelling method on the enhancement of the CO2 storage assessment of E sequence of Nam Vang field, offshore Vietnam. Energ Sour. Part A. 42, 1499–1512 (2020)
25.
Chen, Y.F.; Cai, D.M.; Fan, Z.F.; Li, K.C.; Ni, J.: 3D geological modelling of dual porosity carbonate reservoirs: A case from the Kenkiyak pre-salt oilfield. Kazakhstan. Pet. Explor. Dev. 35(4), 492–497 (2008)
26.
Chen, J.; Wu, H.Y.; Zhu, D.F.; Lin, C.H.; Yu, D.S.: Tectonic evolution of the Hailar Basin And Its Potentials of Oil-Gas exploration. Chinese Journal of Geology. 42, 147–159 (2007)
27.
Gao, J.Y.; Liu, Z.H.; Wu, X.M.; Yang, X.; Huang, C.Y.; Mei, M.; Sun, L.N.: Structural deformation control over the subsidence center migration of Wuerxun Sag in Hailar Basin. J. Jilin Univ. (Earth Sci. Edition). 44(1), 15–24 (2014)
28.
Zhao, X.Q.; Cheng, R.H.; Yu, Z.F.; Sun, F.X.; Wang, P.; Gao, H.J.: Provenance-sedimentary system and tectonic setting of first member of Nantun formation in Northern Wuerxun Sag of Hailar Basin. J. Jilin Univ. (Earth Sci. Edition). 45(1), 61–80 (2015)
29.
Li, Z.D.; Bao, C.H.; Wang, D.J.; Zhang, H.X.: Controlling effect of structure palaeogeomorphology for sand bodies of Wuerxun—Beier Sag in Hailaer Basin. J. Central South Univ. (Sci. Technol.). 47(7), 2357–2365 (2016)
30.
31.
Abd El-Gawad, E.A.; Abdelwahhab, M.A.; Bekiet, M.H.; Noah, A.Z.; ElSayed, N.A.; Fouda, A.E.: Static reservoir modelling of El Wastani formation, for justifying development plans, using 2D seismic and well log data in Scarab field, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. J. Afr. Earth. Sci. 158, 103546 (2019)
32.
Zou, Q.Y.; Yan, Z.H.; Xu, Y.D.; Mo, L.L.; Bai, X.G.; He, H.Y.: Structure Modelling using PETREL Software. J. Yangtze Univ. (Nat Sci Edit). 8(2), 62–64 (2011)
33.
Obiadi, I.I.; Okoye, F.C.; Obiadi, C.M.; Irumhe, P.E.; Omeokachie, A.I.: 3-D structural and seismic attribute analysis for field reservoir development and prospect identification in Fabianski Field, onshore Niger delta, Nigeria. J. Afr. Earth. Sci. 158, 103562 (2019)
34.
Hossain, S.: Application of seismic attribute analysis in fluvial seismic geomorphology. J. Pet. Explor. Prod. Te. 10, 1009–1019 (2020)
35.
Li, F.; Cheng, R.H.; Wang, G.S,; Zhao, C.M.; Li, R.L.; Huang, D.W.; Wang, G.D.: Application of seismic attribute analysis to study sedimentary systems of the Yingcheng Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Shiwu Oilfield. Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Diqiu Kexue Ban)/J. Jilin University (Earth Science Edition). 41, 54–60 (2011)
36.
Liu, H.; Guo, Y.S.; Zhao, C.C.; Xia, Y.Y.: Seismic attribute analysis of shallow-water deltaic sand body prediction. J. Southwest Petroleum Univ. (Sci. Technol. Edit.). 38(4), 71–78 (2016)
37.
Cannon, S.: Reservoir modelling: A practical guide. Wiley, Blackwell (2018)
38.
Chapuis, F.; Bauer, H.; Grataloup, S.; Leynet, A.; Bourgine, B.; Castagnac, C.; Fillacier, S.; Lecomte, A.; Le Gallo, Y.; Bonijoly, D.: Geological investigations for CO2 storage: from seismic and well data to 3D modelling. Enrgy. Proced. 4, 4591–4598 (2011)
39.
Lei, M.; Chen, G.P.; Zeng, Y.J.; Luo, Z.Y.; Ma, F.L.: Efficient and fine seismic structure interpretation in Northern Wuerxun Sag and Beier Depression. Oil Geophys. Prospect. 53(1), 219–227 (2018)
40.
Zou, T.; Zuo, Y.; Meng, L.X.; Liu, Y.L.; Xing, X.R.; Feng, J.Y.: Application of geological modelling technology in secondary development of old and complex fault block oilfields. Oil Gas Geol. 35(1), 143–147 (2014)
41.
Zhang, J.G.; Zhang, B.X.; Chen, P.: Description of hydrocarbon system in surennuoer area Hailar Basin. Pet. Explor. Dev. 25(1), 25–28 (1998)MathSciNet
42.
Fu, G.; Wang, M.C.; Li, S.C.: A method for determining the sealing capacity evolution stage of fault rocks and its application. Natur. Gas. Ind. 37(10), 11–16 (2017)
43.
Oliver, M.A.; Webster, R.: A tutorial guide to geostatistics: Computing and modelling variograms and kriging. CATENA 113, 56–69 (2014)
44.
Hu, H.T.; Wang, L.; Liu, Y.; Qin, P.R.; Fu, H.J.: Research method of fault vertical sealing capacity in overpressure mudstone caprock and its application. Oil Gas Geol. 35(3), 359–364 (2014)
45.
Mahgoub, M.I.; Padmanabhan, E.; Abdullatif, O.M.: Facies and porosity 3D models constrained by stochastic seismic inversion to delineate Paleocene fluvial/lacustrine reservoirs in Melut. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 98, 79–96 (2018)
46.
Ren, S.P.; Yao, G.Q.; Zhang, Y.: High-resolution geostatistical modelling of an intensively drilled heavy oil reservoir, the BQ 10 block, Biyang Sag,. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 104, 404–422 (2019)
47.
Guo, Z.; Sun, L.D.; Jia, A.L.; Lu, T.: 3D geological modelling for tight sand gas reservoir of braided river facies. Petrol. Explor. Dev. 42(1), 76–83 (2015)
48.
Ji, B.Y.; Zhao, G.Z.; Wang, S.G.; Guo, D.Z.: Geologic modelling technique of oil reservoir based on sedimentary facies control. ACTA Petrolei. Sinica. 27, 111–114 (2006)
49.
Pang, Q.; Feng, Q.H.; Ma, Y.; Zhang, Y.Y.; Peng, X.H.: The application of 3D geological modelling technology in horizontal well geologic steering: A case from X3–8 horizontal well development zone. Nat. Gas Geosci. 28(3), 473–478 (2017)
50.
Li, J.A.: Application of Artificial Intelligence Neural Networks in Lithology Identif ication and Porosity and Permeability Prediction——an example from Shihongtan uranium deposit. Northwest. Geol. 43(2), 32–37 (2010)
51.
52.
Wang, G.C.; Ju, Y.W.; Huang, C.; Long, S.X.; Peng, Y.M.: Longmaxi-Wufeng Shale lithofacies identification and 3-D modelling in the northern Fuling Gas Field, Sichuan Basin. J. Nat. Gas. Sci. Eng. 47, 59–72 (2017)
53.
Wang, J.K.; Zhang, Y.P.; Xie, J.: Influencing factors and application prospects of CO2 flooding in heterogeneous glutenite reservoirs. Sci. Rep-Uk. 10, 1839 (2020)
54.
Nunes, R.; Almeida, J.A.: Parallelization of sequential Gaussian, indicator and direct simulation algorithms. Comput. Geosci. 36, 1042–1052 (2010)
55.
Deutsch, C.V.; Pyrcz, M.J.: Geostatistical Reservoir Modelling. Oxford University Press, New York (2014)
56.
Qu, X.Y.; Liu, L.; Gao, Y.Q.; Liu, N.; Li, F.L.; Liu, H.Y.: Geology record of mantle-derived magmatogenetic CO2 gas in the northeastern China. ACTA Petrolei Sinica. 31(1), 61–67 (2010)
57.
Dai, J.X.; Yang, S.F.; Chen, H.L.; Shen, X.H.: Geochemistry and occurrence of inorganic gas accumulations in Chinese sedimentary Basins. Org. Geochem. 36, 1664–1688 (2005)
58.
Craig, H.; Gordon, L.I.: Nitrous oxide in the ocean and the marine atmosphere. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 27(9), 949–955 (1963)
59.
Cerling, T.E.; Solomon, D.K.; Quade, J.; Bowman, J.R.: On the isotopic composition of carbon in soil carbon dioxide. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 55(11), 3403–3405 (1991)
60.
Schoell, M.; Faber, E.; Coleman, M.L.: Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the NBS 22 and NBS 21 stable isotope reference materials: An inter-laboratory comparison. Org. Geochem. 5(1), 90010–41983 (1983)
61.
62.
Baker, J.C.; Bai, G.P.; Hamilton, P.J.; Golding, S.D.; Keene, J.B.: Continental-scale magmatic carbon dioxide seepage recorded by dawsonite in the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin system, eastern Australia. J. Sediment. Res. 65(3), 522–530 (1995)
63.
Whiticar, M.J.: Stable isotopes and global budgets. Atmos. Methane: Sources, Sinks, Role Global Change. 13, 138–167 (1993)
64.
Tassi, F.; Fiebig, J.; Vaselli, O.; Nocentini, M.: Origins of methane discharging from volcanic-hydrothermal, geothermal and cold emissions in Italy. Chem. Geol. 310, 36–48 (2012)
65.
Gao, Y.Q.; Liu, L.; Zhang, F.S.; Zhang, Y.J.: C-O isotope composition of dawsonite and its implication on the fluid origin in Wuerxun sag, Hailaer Basin China. Acta Petrol. Sin. 23(4), 831–838 (2007)
66.
Qu, X.Y.; Liu, L.; Gao, Y.Q.; Liu, N.; Peng, X.L.: Characteristics and stability analysis of dawsonite in sandstone. Geol. Rev. 54(6), 838–844 (2008)
67.
Qu, X.Y.; Chen, X.; Yu, M.; Liu, L.: Mineral dating of mantlederived CO2 charging and its application in the southern Songliao Basin China. Appl. Geochemistry. 68, 19–28 (2016)
68.
Huang, B.J.; Xiao, X.M.; Zhu, W.L.: Geochemistry, origin, and accumulation of CO2 in natural gases of the Yinggehai Basin, offshore South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 88(9), 1277–1293 (2004)
69.
Lu, X.S.; Song, Y.; Liu, S.B.; Hong, F.; Fu, X.F.: Progress in the studies of mantle-derived CO2 degassing mechanism, degassing model and pool-forming mechanism. Earth Sci. Front. 15(6), 293–302 (2008)
70.
Pineau, F.; Javoy, M.: Carbon isotopes and concentrations in mid-oceanic ridge basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 62(2), 239–257 (1983)
71.
Cornides, I.: Magmatic carbon dioxide at the crust’s surface in the Carpathian Basin. Geochem J. 27(4–5), 241–249 (1993)
72.
Dockrill, B.; Shipton, Z.K.: Structural controls on leakage from a natural CO2 geologic storage site: Central Utah USA. J. Struct. Geol. 32, 1768–1782 (2010)
73.
Liu, L.; Gao, Y.Q.; Qu, X.Y.; Meng, Q.A.; Gao, F.H.; Ren, Y.G.; Zhu, D.F.: Petrology and carbon-oxygen isotope of inorganic CO2 gas reservoir in Wuerxun depression Hailaer Basin. Acta Petrol. Sin. 2(8), 2229–2236 (2006)
74.
Sun, Y.M.; Xi, X.Y.: Petroleum reservoir filling history and oil-source correlation in the Lishui Sag East China Sea Basin Petrol. Explor. Develop. 30(6), 24–28 (2003)
75.
Zhou, B.; Zhu, D.F.; Li, C.B.; Liu, L.; Zhao, S.; Meng, F.Q.; Ming, X.R.: Diagenesis of dawsonite-bearing tuffite in beier sag Hailar Basin. Acta Sedimentol. Sin. 31(3), 450–460 (2013)
76.
Wang, P.Z.; Li, M.S.; Wang, J.: Petroleum geology and exploration potential of Wuerxun helium-bearing CO2 gas reservoir in Hailaer Basin. Special Oil Gas Reserv. 10(6), 9–1 (2003)
77.
Liu, L.; Qu, X.Y.; Dong, L.S.; Wang, X.Q.; Li, F.L.: Distribution, Occurrence and their petroleum significance of Dawsonite from Mesozoic basins in Northeastern China and adjacent area. J. Jilin University (Earth Science Edition). 39(1), 13278 (2009)
78.
Fu, X.F.; Jia, R.; Wang, H.X.; Wu, T.; Meng, L.D.; Sun, Y.H.: Quantitative evaluation of fault-caprock sealing capacity: A case from Dabei-Kelasu structural belt in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin NW China. Petrol. Explor. Dev. 42, 329–338 (2015)
79.
Yang, Z.J.; Xu, T.F.; Wang, F.G.; Yang, Y.L.; Li, X.F.; Zhao, N.N.: Impact of inner reservoir faults on migration and storage of injected CO2. Int. J. Greenh. Gas. Con. 72, 14–25 (2018)
80.
Hulston, J.R.; Hilton, D.R.; Kaplan, I.R.: Helium and carbon isotope systematics of natural gases from Taranaki Basin New Zealand. Appl. Geochem. 16, 419–436 (2001)
81.
Fu, X.F.; Chen, Z.; Yan, B.Q.; Yang, M.; Sun, Y.H.: Analysis of main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation in cen-tral rift zones of the Hailar-Tamtsag Basin using a fault-cap-rock dual control mode. Sci. China Earth Sci. 56(8), 1357–1370 (2013)
Metadata
Title
Analysis of Main Controlling Factors of Natural CO2 Based on 3D Geological Modelling in the Northern Wuerxun Sag, Hailar Basin, China
Authors
Ning Qi
Haitao Xue
Jinxiu Yang
Mingyue Lu
Shuangfang Lu
Ying Xia
Publication date
15-07-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering / Issue 1/2022
Print ISSN: 2193-567X
Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05955-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 1/2022 Go to the issue

Research Article-Chemistry

Removal of Chlorophenols Compounds Using Treated Jatropha Seed Shells Adsorbents: Characterization and Thermodynamic

Research Article-Physics

Effect of Ga Content on High-Temperature Oxidation of (Cu,Ga) Solid Solution Powders

Research Article-Biological Sciences

Selective and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecular Imprinting Strategy for Recognition and Quantification of Sofosbuvir in Real Samples

Research Article-Earth Sciences

Research and Development of Drought Monitoring and Information Management System in Heilongjiang Province

Research Article-Chemistry

Synthesis and Application of Modified Orchard Waste Biochar for Efficient Scavenging of Copper from Aqueous Solutions

Review-Chemistry

Chromanone-A Prerogative Therapeutic Scaffold: An Overview

Premium Partners

    Image Credits