Bioelectrical characterization and production of nanoparticles (NPs) using PKL extract for electricity generation

In this work, it has been introduced an innovative Zn/Cu-electrochemical cell based on PKL extract and NPs. The effect of surface area of the anode, the temperature of the electrolyte and the concentration of PKL extract (electrolyte) on the current (A), voltage (V) and the power (W) of the constructed electrochemical cell has been studied. However, Nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using PKL extract for practical applications to generate electricity. Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by using KMnO₄ as a precursor and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract as a source of reducing agent. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) study revealed the preparation of nanocrystalline MnO2 with cubic crystal structure. The presence of capping agents on the synthesized MnO₂ NPs were confirmed by the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The surface morphology was examined with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found to be cubic grain with homogeneous distribution. The thermal analysis was carried out using thermo gravimetric (TGA) analysis. EDX analysis demonstrates the presence of Mn and O including their composition. However, the VSM analysis indicates the ferromagnetic effect of nanoparticles. The synthesized MnO₂ NPs were used in modified galvanic cell to generate electricity in which water was used as solvent. MnO₂ NPs were found to be an effective material for the generation of electricity. The novelty of this work is to synthesis of MnO₂ NPs using Bryophillum pinnatum leaf extract for the first time in the world. Apart from that the produced NPs have been successfully used to generate electricity in Zn/Cu based modified electrochemical cell. Most of the results have been tabulated and graphically discussed.