Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Social Indicators Research 3/2008

01-07-2008

Children Living Without Their Fathers: Population Estimates and Indicators of Educational Well-being

Author: Matthew DeBell

Published in: Social Indicators Research | Issue 3/2008

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper estimates the number of American children in grades K–12 who live without their biological fathers and examines the association of absent-father status with children’s well-being. The 2003 Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (n = 12,426) shows that 28% percent of White students, 39% of Hispanic students, 69% of Black students, and 36% overall live without their fathers. In bivariate comparisons, absent-father status is associated with reduced well-being: worse health, lower academic achievement, worse educational experiences, and less parental involvement in school activities. When socio-economic factors are controlled, father-absence is associated with small deficits of well-being. The findings suggest that the conventional wisdom may exaggerate the detrimental effects of father absence.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Aldous, J., Mulligan, G. M., & Bjarnason, T. (1998). Fathering over time: what makes the difference? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 809–820.CrossRef Aldous, J., Mulligan, G. M., & Bjarnason, T. (1998). Fathering over time: what makes the difference? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 809–820.CrossRef
go back to reference Asmussen, L., & Larson, R. (1991). The quality of family time among young adolescents in single-parent and married-parent families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 1021–1030.CrossRef Asmussen, L., & Larson, R. (1991). The quality of family time among young adolescents in single-parent and married-parent families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 1021–1030.CrossRef
go back to reference Bankston, C. L., & Caldas, S. J. (1998). Family structure, schoolmates, and racial inequalities in school achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 715–723.CrossRef Bankston, C. L., & Caldas, S. J. (1998). Family structure, schoolmates, and racial inequalities in school achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 715–723.CrossRef
go back to reference Bisnairs, L. M. C., Fireston, P., & Rynard, D. (1990). Factors associated with academic achievement in children following parental separation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 67–76.CrossRef Bisnairs, L. M. C., Fireston, P., & Rynard, D. (1990). Factors associated with academic achievement in children following parental separation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 67–76.CrossRef
go back to reference Bush, G. W. (2001). Speech at the 4th Annual National Summit on Fatherhood, Washington DC, June 7, (2001). Cited in Horn and Sylvester (2002). Bush, G. W. (2001). Speech at the 4th Annual National Summit on Fatherhood, Washington DC, June 7, (2001). Cited in Horn and Sylvester (2002).
go back to reference Carlsmith, L. (1964). Effect of early father absence on scholastic aptitude. Harvard Educational Review, 34, 3–21. Carlsmith, L. (1964). Effect of early father absence on scholastic aptitude. Harvard Educational Review, 34, 3–21.
go back to reference Chinn, S. (2000). A simple method for converting an odds ratio to effect size for use in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 3127–3131.CrossRef Chinn, S. (2000). A simple method for converting an odds ratio to effect size for use in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 3127–3131.CrossRef
go back to reference Clinton, W. J. (1995). Speech at the University of Texas, Austin, October 16, 1995. Cited in Horn and Sylvester (2002). Clinton, W. J. (1995). Speech at the University of Texas, Austin, October 16, 1995. Cited in Horn and Sylvester (2002).
go back to reference Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.CrossRef Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.CrossRef
go back to reference Coiro, M. J., Zill, N., & Bloom, B. (1994). Health of our nation’s children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 191. Coiro, M. J., Zill, N., & Bloom, B. (1994). Health of our nation’s children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 191.
go back to reference Cooksey, E. C., & Fondell, M. M. (1996). Spending time with his kids: effects of family structure on fathers’ and children’s lives. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 693–707.CrossRef Cooksey, E. C., & Fondell, M. M. (1996). Spending time with his kids: effects of family structure on fathers’ and children’s lives. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 693–707.CrossRef
go back to reference Dawson, D. A. (1991). Family structure and children’s health and well-being: data from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(4), 573–574.CrossRef Dawson, D. A. (1991). Family structure and children’s health and well-being: data from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(4), 573–574.CrossRef
go back to reference DeLeire, T., & Kalil, A. (2002). Good things come in threes: single-parent multi-generational family structure and adolescent adjustment. Demography, 39, 393–413.CrossRef DeLeire, T., & Kalil, A. (2002). Good things come in threes: single-parent multi-generational family structure and adolescent adjustment. Demography, 39, 393–413.CrossRef
go back to reference Downey, D. B., Ainsworth-Darnell, J. W., & Dufur, M. (1998). Sex of parent and children’s well-being in single-parent households. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 878–893.CrossRef Downey, D. B., Ainsworth-Darnell, J. W., & Dufur, M. (1998). Sex of parent and children’s well-being in single-parent households. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 878–893.CrossRef
go back to reference Downey, D. B., & Powell, B. (1993). Do children in single-parent households fare better living with same-sex parents? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 55–71.CrossRef Downey, D. B., & Powell, B. (1993). Do children in single-parent households fare better living with same-sex parents? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 55–71.CrossRef
go back to reference Duncan, G., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Sage. Duncan, G., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Sage.
go back to reference Entwisle, D. R., & Alexander, K. L. (1995). A parent’s economic shadow: family structure versus family resources as influences on early school achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 399–409.CrossRef Entwisle, D. R., & Alexander, K. L. (1995). A parent’s economic shadow: family structure versus family resources as influences on early school achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 399–409.CrossRef
go back to reference Entwisle, D. R., & Alexander, K. L. (1996). Family type and children’s growth in reading and math over the primary grades. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 341–355.CrossRef Entwisle, D. R., & Alexander, K. L. (1996). Family type and children’s growth in reading and math over the primary grades. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 341–355.CrossRef
go back to reference Flewelling, R. L., & Bauman, K. E. (1990). Family structure as predictor of initial substance use and sexual intercourse in early adolescence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 171–181.CrossRef Flewelling, R. L., & Bauman, K. E. (1990). Family structure as predictor of initial substance use and sexual intercourse in early adolescence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 171–181.CrossRef
go back to reference Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents’involvement in children’ schooling: a multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65(1), 237–252.CrossRef Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents’involvement in children’ schooling: a multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65(1), 237–252.CrossRef
go back to reference Hagedorn, M., Montaquila, J., Vaden-Kiernan, N., Kim, K., & Chapman, C. (2004). National Household Education Surveys Program of 2003: data file user’s manual (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2004-101. Hagedorn, M., Montaquila, J., Vaden-Kiernan, N., Kim, K., & Chapman, C. (2004). National Household Education Surveys Program of 2003: data file user’s manual (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2004-101.
go back to reference Horn, W., & Sylvester, T. (2002). Father facts (4th ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: National Fatherhood Initiative. Horn, W., & Sylvester, T. (2002). Father facts (4th ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: National Fatherhood Initiative.
go back to reference Kelly, E. L., & Conley, J. J. (1987). Personality and compatibility: a prospective analysis of marital stability and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 27–40.CrossRef Kelly, E. L., & Conley, J. J. (1987). Personality and compatibility: a prospective analysis of marital stability and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 27–40.CrossRef
go back to reference Lee, S. (1993). Family structure effects on student outcomes. In B. Schneider, & J. S. Coleman (Eds.), Parents, their children, and schools (pp. 43–75). Boulder: Westview Press. Lee, S. (1993). Family structure effects on student outcomes. In B. Schneider, & J. S. Coleman (Eds.), Parents, their children, and schools (pp. 43–75). Boulder: Westview Press.
go back to reference Luster, T., & McAdoo, H. P. (1994). Factors related to achievement and adjustment of young African-American children. Child Development, 65, 1080–1094.CrossRef Luster, T., & McAdoo, H. P. (1994). Factors related to achievement and adjustment of young African-American children. Child Development, 65, 1080–1094.CrossRef
go back to reference Manning, W. D., & Lamb, K. A. (2003). Adolescent well-being in cohabiting, married, and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 876–893.CrossRef Manning, W. D., & Lamb, K. A. (2003). Adolescent well-being in cohabiting, married, and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 876–893.CrossRef
go back to reference McLanahan, S. S., & Sandefur, G. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: what hurts, what helps? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. McLanahan, S. S., & Sandefur, G. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: what hurts, what helps? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
go back to reference National Center for Fathering. (1999). Fathering in America [Poll]. Kansas City, MO: Author. National Center for Fathering. (1999). Fathering in America [Poll]. Kansas City, MO: Author.
go back to reference Nord, C. W., Brimhall, D., & West, J. (1997). Fathers’ involvement in their children’s schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 98–091. Nord, C. W., Brimhall, D., & West, J. (1997). Fathers’ involvement in their children’s schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 98–091.
go back to reference Nord, C. W., & West, J. (2001). Fathers’ and mothers’ involvement in their children’s schools by family type and resident status. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2001–032. Nord, C. W., & West, J. (2001). Fathers’ and mothers’ involvement in their children’s schools by family type and resident status. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2001–032.
go back to reference Pong, S., Dronkers, J., & Hampden-Thompson, G. (2003). Family policies and children’s school achievement in single- versus two-parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 681–699.CrossRef Pong, S., Dronkers, J., & Hampden-Thompson, G. (2003). Family policies and children’s school achievement in single- versus two-parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 681–699.CrossRef
go back to reference Popenoe, D. (1996). Life without father. New York: Free Press. Popenoe, D. (1996). Life without father. New York: Free Press.
go back to reference Powell, B., & Downey, D. B. (1997). Living in single-parent households: the case of the same-sex hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 62, 521–539.CrossRef Powell, B., & Downey, D. B. (1997). Living in single-parent households: the case of the same-sex hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 62, 521–539.CrossRef
go back to reference Reichman, N. E., Corman, H., & Noonan, K. (2003). Child health and parents’ relationship status. Demography, 41(3), 569–584.CrossRef Reichman, N. E., Corman, H., & Noonan, K. (2003). Child health and parents’ relationship status. Demography, 41(3), 569–584.CrossRef
go back to reference Ricciuti, H. N. (2004). Single parenthood, achievement, and problem behavior in white, black, and Hispanic children. Journal of Education Research, 97(4), 196–206.CrossRef Ricciuti, H. N. (2004). Single parenthood, achievement, and problem behavior in white, black, and Hispanic children. Journal of Education Research, 97(4), 196–206.CrossRef
go back to reference Sigle-Rushton, W., & McLanahan, S. (2004). Father absence and child well-being: a critical review. In D. Moynihan, L. Rainwater, & T. Smeeding (Eds.), The future of the family (pp. 116–155). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Sigle-Rushton, W., & McLanahan, S. (2004). Father absence and child well-being: a critical review. In D. Moynihan, L. Rainwater, & T. Smeeding (Eds.), The future of the family (pp. 116–155). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
go back to reference Smith, T. E. (1995). What a difference a measure makes: parental separation effect on school grades, not academic achievement. Journal of Marriage and Divorce, 23, 151–164.CrossRef Smith, T. E. (1995). What a difference a measure makes: parental separation effect on school grades, not academic achievement. Journal of Marriage and Divorce, 23, 151–164.CrossRef
go back to reference Sorensen, E. (1997). A national profile of nonresident fathers and their ability to pay child support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 785–797.CrossRef Sorensen, E. (1997). A national profile of nonresident fathers and their ability to pay child support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 785–797.CrossRef
go back to reference Sylvester, K, & Reich, K. (2002). Making fathers count. Washington, DC: Annie E. Casey Foundation. Sylvester, K, & Reich, K. (2002). Making fathers count. Washington, DC: Annie E. Casey Foundation.
go back to reference Thompson, E., McLanahan, S. S., & Curtin, R. B. (1992). Family structure, gender, and parental socialization. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52(4), 368–378.CrossRef Thompson, E., McLanahan, S. S., & Curtin, R. B. (1992). Family structure, gender, and parental socialization. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52(4), 368–378.CrossRef
go back to reference Tucker, C. J., Marx, J., & Long, L. (1998). ‘Moving on’: residential mobility and children’s school lives. Sociology of Education, 71, 111–129.CrossRef Tucker, C. J., Marx, J., & Long, L. (1998). ‘Moving on’: residential mobility and children’s school lives. Sociology of Education, 71, 111–129.CrossRef
go back to reference U.S. Department of Education (2003). National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES), NHES 2001–03 Electronic Codebook. Washington, DC: Author. U.S. Department of Education (2003). National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES), NHES 2001–03 Electronic Codebook. Washington, DC: Author.
go back to reference Zill, N. (1994). Understanding why children in stepfamilies have more learning, behavior problems than children in nuclear families. In A. Booth, & J. Dunn (Eds.), Stepfamilies: who benefits? Who does not? (pp. 97–106). Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum. Zill, N. (1994). Understanding why children in stepfamilies have more learning, behavior problems than children in nuclear families. In A. Booth, & J. Dunn (Eds.), Stepfamilies: who benefits? Who does not? (pp. 97–106). Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.
go back to reference Zill, N. (1996). Family change in student achievement: what we have learned, what it means for schools. In A. Booth, & J. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links: how do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 139–174). Mahwah, NH: Earlbaum. Zill, N. (1996). Family change in student achievement: what we have learned, what it means for schools. In A. Booth, & J. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links: how do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 139–174). Mahwah, NH: Earlbaum.
Metadata
Title
Children Living Without Their Fathers: Population Estimates and Indicators of Educational Well-being
Author
Matthew DeBell
Publication date
01-07-2008
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Social Indicators Research / Issue 3/2008
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Electronic ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9149-8

Other articles of this Issue 3/2008

Social Indicators Research 3/2008 Go to the issue

Premium Partner